J. M. W. Turner (original) (raw)
Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden, Londres, 23 d'abril de 1775 - 19 de desembre de 1851) fou un pintor anglès que pintava paisatges, l'estil del qual s'ha considerat com a precursor avant la lettre de l'impressionisme.
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| dbo:abstract | Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden, Londres, 23 d'abril de 1775 - 19 de desembre de 1851) fou un pintor anglès que pintava paisatges, l'estil del qual s'ha considerat com a precursor avant la lettre de l'impressionisme. (ca) Joseph Mallord William Turner (23. dubna 1775 v Covent Garden v Londýně – 19. prosince 1851 v londýnském Chelsea) byl anglický romantický krajinář, jenž bývá pokládán za předchůdce impresionismu. Přestože byl ve své době pokládán za rozporuplnou osobnost, považujeme jej dnes za umělce, jemuž se podařilo, že se do té doby poměrně přehlížené krajinomalbě dostalo téhož uznání, jakému se u veřejnosti těšila malba historická. (cs) جوزيف مالورد ويليام تيرنر (بالإنجليزية: Joseph Mallord William Turner، تم عمادته في 14 مايو 1775، توفي في 19 ديسمبر 1851)، هو فنان رومانسي إنكليزي اشتهر برسوماته حول الطبيعية ومائياته والطبعات الفنية. وكان تيرنر مثيرا للجدل في حياته إلا أنه الآن يعدّ الفنان الذي سما بالرسم الطبيعي إلى مستويات تناطح مكانة الرسم التاريخي. اشتهر برسوماته الزيتية كما يعدّ من كبار رسامي المائيات البريطانيين. واشتهر بلقب «رسام الضوء». تعدّ أعماله مقدمة رومانسية للفن الإنطباعي. كما وسمت بعض رسوماته بخانة الفنون التجريدية قبل بزوخها في بدايات القرن العشرين. درس تيرنر في الأكاديمية الملكية للعلوم منذ عام 1789، التحق بها عندما كان عمره 14سنة، وعَرض عمله الأول هناك بعمر 15 سنة. عمل في هذه الفترة أيضًا كرسام معماري. كان يكسب دخلًا ثابتًا من العمولات والمبيعات، والتي بسبب طبيعته المضطربة، والمعارضة، كانت عادة تُقبل بامتعاض. افتتح معرضه الخاص عام 1804 وأصبح أستاذًا في الرسم المنظوري في الأكاديمية عام 1807، حيث ألقى محاضرات حتى عام 1828، بالرغم من نطقه لم يكن واضحًا. سافر إلى أوروبا منذ عام 1802، وعادة ما كان يعود وبرفقته كراسات رسم ضخمة. كان تيرنر شخصية مثيرة للجدل خلال مسيرته المهنية، كشخص منعزل وغريب الأطوار. لم يتزوج، ولكنه أنجب ابنتين، إيفيلين (1801-1874) وجورجينا (1811-1843)، من مدبرة منزله سارة دانبي. أصبح أكثر تشاؤمًا وعبوسًا مع تقدمه بالعمر، وخاصةً بعد وفاة والده، وتدهورت حالته بعدها، أصبح معرضه مُهملًا وبحاجة إلى ترميم، واشتدَّ فنه. عاش في بؤس وصحة ضعيفة منذ عام 1845، وتوفي في لندن عام 1851 بعمر 76 عامًا. دفن تيرنر في كاتدرائية القديس بولس، لندن. ترك وراءه أكثر من 550 لوحة زيتية، 2000 لوحة بالألوان المائية، و30000 عمل على الورق. ناصره الناقد الفني الإنكليزي الرائد جون روسكين منذ عام 1840، ويُعتبر اليوم أنه رَفع رسم المناظر الطبيعية لمرتبة تنافس فيها الرسم القصصي. (ar) Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (* 23. April 1775 in London; † 19. Dezember 1851 in Chelsea, London) war ein englischer Maler, Aquarellist und Zeichner. Er gilt als der bedeutendste bildende Künstler Englands in der Epoche der Romantik. Landschaften und Seestücke waren seine bevorzugten Themen, dem Licht und der Atmosphäre galt dabei sein besonderes Interesse. Weil seine Darstellungsweise bis zur Entmaterialisierung des Gegenständlichen ging und er das Licht und die Farbe von Sonnenlicht, Feuer und Wasser in ganz neuartiger Weise zum eigentlichen Thema seiner Bilder machte, beeinflusste er stark die Impressionisten. Turner war ein schnell arbeitender und enorm produktiver Künstler. Der größte Teil seiner ausgestellten Gemälde ist in den Londoner Museen und anderen angelsächsischen Sammlungen zu sehen. (de) Ο Τζόζεφ Μάλλορντ Ουίλλιαμ Τέρνερ (αγγλικά: Joseph Mallord William Turner, J.M.W. Turner, βαπτίστηκε 14 Μαΐου 1775 - 19 Δεκεμβρίου 1851) ήταν Άγγλος Ρομαντικός ζωγράφος τοπίων, του οποίου η τεχνοτροπία λέγεται ότι έθεσε τις βάσεις του Ιμπρεσιονισμού. (el) Joseph Mallord William TURNER (n. la 23-an de aprilo 1775 - m. la 19-an de decembro 1851) estis brita romantikista pentristo, pejzaĝisto, akvarelisto kaj gravuristo. Oni ofte konsideras, ke lia stilo fondis la bazon de impresionismo. Kvankam Turner estis sufiĉe polemika persono siatempe, li nun estas ĝenerale rigardita kiel la artisto, kiu plej nobeligis pejzaĝismon en epoko, kiam la plej prestiĝa ĝenro restis historia pentrado. (eo) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden, Londres, 23 de abril de 1775 - Chelsea, Londres, 19 de diciembre de 1851), pintor inglés especializado en paisajes. Considerado una figura controvertida en su tiempo, hoy en día es visto como el artista que elevó el arte de paisajes a la altura de la pintura de historia. Aunque es renombrado por sus pinturas al óleo, Turner también es uno de los grandes maestros de la pintura paisajista británica en acuarela. Es, junto a autores como Joaquín Sorolla, Johannes Vermeer o Armando Reverón entre otros, considerado comúnmente como "el pintor de la luz". (es) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Londres, Ingalaterra, 1775eko apirilaren 23a – 1851ko abenduaren 19a) Ingalaterrako margolari erromantikoa izan zen, aitzindaria paisaien lanketan. Bere margolanek kolorea eta argia jorratzeko ausardia berritzailea dute bereizgarri; Turnerrek "argiaren margolari" goitizena jaso zuen, hain zuzen ere. Hori dela eta, John Constable garaikidearekin batera, inpresionisten aurrekaritzat jotzen da gaur egun. (eu) Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower-middle-class family. He lived in London all his life, retaining his Cockney accent and assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14, and exhibited his first work there at 15. During this period, he also served as an architectural draftsman. He earned a steady income from commissions and sales, which due to his troubled, contrary nature, were often begrudgingly accepted. He opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807, where he lectured until 1828. He travelled around Europe from 1802, typically returning with voluminous sketchbooks. Intensely private, eccentric and reclusive, Turner was a controversial figure throughout his career. He did not marry, but fathered two daughters, Evelina (1801–1874) and Georgiana (1811–1843), by his housekeeper Sarah Danby. He became more pessimistic and morose as he got older, especially after the death of his father, when his outlook deteriorated, his gallery fell into disrepair and neglect, and his art intensified. In 1841, Turner rowed a boat into the Thames so he could not be counted as present at any property in that year's census. He lived in squalor and poor health from 1845, and died in London in 1851 aged 76. Turner is buried in St Paul's Cathedral, London. (en) Ba ealaíontóir Rómánsúil Sasanach é Joseph Mallord William Turner. Rugadh é i Maiden Lane in Covent Garden, Londain, ar an 23 Aibreán 1775. William Gay Turner ab ainm dá athair agus Mary Marshal ab ainm dá mháthair. Tháinig tinneas intinne ar a mháthair agus é óg, b’fhéidir de bharr bhás a dheirféar óige agus iníon a mháthar, Helen Turner. Fuair sí siúd bás in Bedlam, teach na ngealt. D'fhág an scéal seo an teaghlach chomh suaite sin gur cuireadh Turner go dtí teach a uncail ar thaobh a mháthar in Brentford, baile a bhí tamall siar ó Londain ar bhruach Abhainn an Támais. Is anseo a tháinig suim aige sa phéintéireacht. An bhliain dár gcionn chuaigh sé ar scoil in Margate ar chósta Kent. Chuaigh sé isteach i scoil ullmhúcháin Acadamh Ríoga n hEalaíona sa bhliain 1789 agus é ceithre bliana déag d’aois, agus ghlac an tAcadamh leis an bhliain dár gcionn. Ar dtús chuir sé suim san ailtireacht, ach d'áitigh an t-ailtire Thomas óg Hardwick air leanúint den phéintéireacht. An bhliain dár gcionn taispeánadh an chéad uiscedhath ag Turner ag an Taispeántas Samhraidh. Sa bhliain 1796 taispeánadh an chéad phictiúr ola a rinne sé, Iascairí ar an bhFarraige. In ainneoin a ndearna Turner de phictiúir iontacha ola, is iad a chuid uiscedhathanna tírdhreacha na saothair is mó clú dá chuid. Tugtar "ealaíontóir an tsolais" air. Tá an-cháil ar fad ar na bpictiúr a rinne sé den Téméraire agus í á tarraingt chun áit a briste, pictiúr atá le feiceáil i nDánlann Náisiúnta Shasana, Londain. Shiúil Turner an Eoraip, taisteal a thosaigh sa Fhrainc agus san Eilvéis sa bhliain 1802, agus chuaigh sé ag déanamh staidéir sa Louvre i bPáras an bhliain chéanna. Is iomaí cuairt a thug sé ar an Veinéis freisin. Is mór an cúnamh a fuair é ó Walter Ramsden Fawkes, cara maith leis a bhí ina chónaí in Farnley Hall in aice le Otley in Yorkshire. Chuaigh Turner go dtí Otley den chéad uair sa bhliain 1797 in aois a fhiche bliain. Chuaigh áilleacht an cheantair i bhfeidhm go mór air agus is minic a thug sé cuairt air ina dhiaidh sin. Fuair sé spreagadh chun Hannabal ag Trasnú na hAlpa a dhéanamh ó stoirm a chonaic sé agus é ag Farnley Hall. Ba mhinic Turner ar cuairt ag George O’Brien Wyndham, an Tríú Iarla Egremont, i dTeach Petworth in West Sussex. Rinne sé pictiúir den cheantar máguaird agus de cheantar Sussex ar fad. Nuair a chuaigh Turner in aois d’éirigh sé saghas aisteach. Is beag dlúthchara a bhí aige seachas a athair, a bhí in aontíos leis le tríocha bliain. D'fhág bás a athar sa bhliain 1822rian an-trom air, agus ó shin amach thagadh babhtaí gruaime air. Níor phós sé riamh ach bhí beirt iníon aige le Sarah Danby, iníon a rugadh sa bhliain 1801 agus iníon eile a rugadh sa bhliain 1811. Fuair sé bás i dteach Danby ar an naoú lá déag de Nollag 1851. (ga) Joseph Mallord William Turner (14 Mei 1775 - 19 Desember 1851) adalah seorang pelukis lanskap zaman Romantic pelukis lanskap, air colourist, dan print maker pada j. Turner dianggap sebagai tokoh kontroversial pada zamannya, tetapi kini Ia dianggap sebagai seniman lukis lanskap yang kemampuannya meningkat menyaingi lukisan bertema sejarah. Meskipun terkenal sebagai pelukis dengan cat minyak, tetapi Turner juga merupakan salah satu pelukis cat air terhebat di Inggris. Dia dikenal sebagai "pelukis cahaya" dan karyanya dianggap sebagai pengantar Romantis ke Impresionisme. Beberapa karyanya sering dikutip sebagai contoh seni abstrak. Joseph Mallord William Turner dibaptis pada 14 Mei 1775, tetapi tanggal lahirnya tidak diketahui. Umumnya beberapa sumber mengatakan bahwa ia lahir antara akhir April dan awal Mei. Turner sendiri mengaku ia lahir pada tanggal 23 April, tetapi belum ada bukti yang kuat. Ia lahir di Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, Inggris. Ayahnya, William Turner (1745-1721 September 1829), adalah seorang tukang cukur dan pembuat wig, Ibunya, Mary Marshall, berasal dari keluarga tukang daging. Ia juga memiliki seorang adik perempuan, Mary Ann, lahir di September 1778 tetapi meninggal pada usia empat bulan Agustus 1783. (in) Joseph Mallord William Turner, plus connu sous le nom de William Turner ou de ses initiales J. M. W. Turner, est un peintre, aquarelliste et graveur britannique, né vers le 23 avril 1775 à Londres où il est mort le 19 décembre 1851. Initialement de la veine romantique anglaise, son œuvre est marquée par une recherche novatrice audacieuse qui le fait considérer, avec son contemporain John Constable, comme un précurseur de l'impressionnisme. Renommé pour ses huiles, Turner est également un des plus grands maîtres anglais de paysages à l'aquarelle. Il y gagne le surnom de « peintre de la lumière ». La plus grande partie des œuvres de Turner est conservée à la Tate Britain. (fr) ジョゼフ・マロード・ウィリアム・ターナー（Joseph Mallord William Turner、1775年4月23日 - 1851年12月19日）は、イギリスのロマン主義の画家。 (ja) 조지프 말로드 윌리엄 터너(영어: Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775년 4월 23일 ~ 1851년 12월 19일)는 영국의 화가이다. 런던에서 이발사의 아들로 태어났다. 일찍부터 회화에 손을 대어 왕립 미술원에서 그림 수업을 한 뒤, 잠깐 사이에 준회원에서 27세 되던 1802년에 정회원으로 올라갔다. 여러 곳의 풍습과 풍경을 주로 그렸으며, 특히 빛의 묘사에서 획기적인 표현을 남긴 화가이다. 후에 문학가 러스킨이 격찬하여 명성이 높아졌으며, 일생 동안 풍경화를 계속 그린 화가로서 17세기 프랑스의 화가 클로드 로랭을 능가하는 것이 일생의 염원이었다. 그런만큼 중기(中期)에는 로랭의 영향이 보이나 후반에는 여기에서 벗어나 한층 더 빛의 묘사로 들어간다. 터너는 1819년부터 약 10년마다, 세 번 이탈리아로 여행을 갔는데, 물과 하늘, 그리고 빛나는 남국의 태양은 터너의 꿈이요 시였다. 터너는 풍경의 일체를 빛의 묘사에 집중시켜 빛 속에 용해시켜 갔는데, 그것은 균정(均整)이 잡힌 윤곽에서 정중하게 그린, 당시로서는 대담한 창작이었다. 더욱이 그는 다시 창작을 계속하여, 《항구 앞바다의 눈보라》(1843)에서 배의 그림자까지 거칠게 불어대는 태풍 속으로 꺼지는 듯 눈보라의 심한 상태를 주제로 잡고, 과거의 회화에 전례없는 동적인 표현을 그려내고 있다. 작품에는 《차일드 해럴드의 순례》(1832), 《전함 테메레이르호(號)》(1839), 《안개 속의 해돋이》, 《비·증기·속력》, 《황금가지》 등이 있는데, 원숙한 빛의 표현이 아름답다. 이상하게도 제자나 후계자가 없는 화가로서 고독한 성격이었으며, 본가 외에 체르시에 은거하면서 이름을 바꾸어 생활을 했기 때문에 아는 사람도 없이 그 곳에서 숨을 거두었다. (ko) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Londra, 23 aprile 1775 – Chelsea, 19 dicembre 1851) è stato un pittore e incisore inglese.Appartenente al movimento romantico, il suo stile pose le basi per la nascita dell'Impressionismo, e anticipatore dell'astrattismo.Benché ai suoi tempi fosse visto come una figura controversa, Turner è oggi considerato l'artista che elevò la pittura paesaggistica ad un livello tale da poter competere con la più blasonata pittura storica. Famoso per le sue opere ad olio, Turner fu anche uno dei più grandi maestri britannici nella realizzazione di paesaggi all'acquerello, e meritò il soprannome di «pittore della luce». (it) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden (Londen), 23 april 1775 – Chelsea (Londen), 19 december 1851) was een Engelse romantische kunstschilder, die veel landschappen en vooral marines schilderde. (nl) Joseph Mallord William Turner (ur. 23 kwietnia 1775 w Londynie, zm. 19 grudnia 1851 tamże) – angielski malarz, znany przede wszystkim z romantycznych pejzaży. Uważany za prekursora impresjonizmu. Jego obrazy charakteryzują się pięknymi barwami, głównie żółcieniami. W swych pracach potrafił świetnie uchwycić grę światła. Najbardziej znane prace to Zachód słońca, Deszcz, para, szybkość, Upadek Kartaginy oraz Burza śnieżna na morzu. (pl) Joseph Mallord William Turner, född 23 april 1775 i Covent Garden, London, död 19 december 1851 i Chelsea, London, var en brittisk konstnär. Han är mest känd för sina romantiska landskapsmålningar, vars stil kan sägas ha lagt grunden för impressionismen. William Turner är känd för sina oljemålningar, men även hans akvareller rönte stor uppmärksamhet. Han använde sig av skiktteknik, vilket innebär att ett lager målas och får torka, varefter andra färger läggs till. Turners konst är bland världens högst värderade. År 2009 såldes hans målning The Temple of Jupiter Panellenius för motsvarande 103 miljoner kronor, vilket är det näst högsta belopp som betalats för ett brittiskt konstverk. År 2006 såldes ett venetianskt landskap av Turner för motsvarande 283 miljoner kronor. (sv) 約瑟夫·瑪羅德·威廉·特納（英語：Joseph Mallord William Turner，1775年4月23日－1851年12月19日），简称J·M·W·特纳（J. M. W. Turner）或威廉·特纳（William Turner），又译透纳、泰納，英國浪漫主義風景畫家，水彩畫家和版畫家，他的作品對後期的印象派繪畫發展有相當大的影響。在18世纪歷史畫為主流的畫壇上，其作品並不受重視，但在現代則公認他是非常偉大的風景畫家。 (zh) Джо́зеф Мэ́ллорд Уи́льям Тёрнер, также Те́рнер (англ. Joseph Mallord William Turner; 23 апреля 1775 года, Ковент-Гарден, Лондон — 19 декабря 1851 года, Челси) — английский живописец, мастер романтического пейзажа, акварелист и гравёр. Предтеча французских импрессионистов. Наследие художника составляют более 550 картин маслом, 2000 акварелей и 30 000 работ на бумаге. (ru) Вільям Тернер, повне ім'я Джозеф Меллорд Вільям Тернер (англ. Joseph Mallord William Turner RA; нар. 23 квітня 1775 — пом. 19 грудня 1851) — відомий англійський художник, аквареліст та графік епохи романтизму. Малював пейзаж і, зокрема фантастичні, уявні, міста Італії, інтер'єри тощо. (uk) |
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| dbp:birthDate | 1775-04-23 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:birthName | Joseph Mallord William Turner (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | London, England (en) |
| dbp:caption | Self-Portrait, oil on canvas, (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1851-12-19 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | Chelsea, England (en) |
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| dbp:name | J. M. W. Turner (en) |
| dbp:notableWorks | (en) Rain, Steam and Speed (en) The Fighting Temeraire (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden, Londres, 23 d'abril de 1775 - 19 de desembre de 1851) fou un pintor anglès que pintava paisatges, l'estil del qual s'ha considerat com a precursor avant la lettre de l'impressionisme. (ca) Joseph Mallord William Turner (23. dubna 1775 v Covent Garden v Londýně – 19. prosince 1851 v londýnském Chelsea) byl anglický romantický krajinář, jenž bývá pokládán za předchůdce impresionismu. Přestože byl ve své době pokládán za rozporuplnou osobnost, považujeme jej dnes za umělce, jemuž se podařilo, že se do té doby poměrně přehlížené krajinomalbě dostalo téhož uznání, jakému se u veřejnosti těšila malba historická. (cs) Ο Τζόζεφ Μάλλορντ Ουίλλιαμ Τέρνερ (αγγλικά: Joseph Mallord William Turner, J.M.W. Turner, βαπτίστηκε 14 Μαΐου 1775 - 19 Δεκεμβρίου 1851) ήταν Άγγλος Ρομαντικός ζωγράφος τοπίων, του οποίου η τεχνοτροπία λέγεται ότι έθεσε τις βάσεις του Ιμπρεσιονισμού. (el) Joseph Mallord William TURNER (n. la 23-an de aprilo 1775 - m. la 19-an de decembro 1851) estis brita romantikista pentristo, pejzaĝisto, akvarelisto kaj gravuristo. Oni ofte konsideras, ke lia stilo fondis la bazon de impresionismo. Kvankam Turner estis sufiĉe polemika persono siatempe, li nun estas ĝenerale rigardita kiel la artisto, kiu plej nobeligis pejzaĝismon en epoko, kiam la plej prestiĝa ĝenro restis historia pentrado. (eo) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden, Londres, 23 de abril de 1775 - Chelsea, Londres, 19 de diciembre de 1851), pintor inglés especializado en paisajes. Considerado una figura controvertida en su tiempo, hoy en día es visto como el artista que elevó el arte de paisajes a la altura de la pintura de historia. Aunque es renombrado por sus pinturas al óleo, Turner también es uno de los grandes maestros de la pintura paisajista británica en acuarela. Es, junto a autores como Joaquín Sorolla, Johannes Vermeer o Armando Reverón entre otros, considerado comúnmente como "el pintor de la luz". (es) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Londres, Ingalaterra, 1775eko apirilaren 23a – 1851ko abenduaren 19a) Ingalaterrako margolari erromantikoa izan zen, aitzindaria paisaien lanketan. Bere margolanek kolorea eta argia jorratzeko ausardia berritzailea dute bereizgarri; Turnerrek "argiaren margolari" goitizena jaso zuen, hain zuzen ere. Hori dela eta, John Constable garaikidearekin batera, inpresionisten aurrekaritzat jotzen da gaur egun. (eu) ジョゼフ・マロード・ウィリアム・ターナー（Joseph Mallord William Turner、1775年4月23日 - 1851年12月19日）は、イギリスのロマン主義の画家。 (ja) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Londra, 23 aprile 1775 – Chelsea, 19 dicembre 1851) è stato un pittore e incisore inglese.Appartenente al movimento romantico, il suo stile pose le basi per la nascita dell'Impressionismo, e anticipatore dell'astrattismo.Benché ai suoi tempi fosse visto come una figura controversa, Turner è oggi considerato l'artista che elevò la pittura paesaggistica ad un livello tale da poter competere con la più blasonata pittura storica. Famoso per le sue opere ad olio, Turner fu anche uno dei più grandi maestri britannici nella realizzazione di paesaggi all'acquerello, e meritò il soprannome di «pittore della luce». (it) Joseph Mallord William Turner (Covent Garden (Londen), 23 april 1775 – Chelsea (Londen), 19 december 1851) was een Engelse romantische kunstschilder, die veel landschappen en vooral marines schilderde. (nl) Joseph Mallord William Turner (ur. 23 kwietnia 1775 w Londynie, zm. 19 grudnia 1851 tamże) – angielski malarz, znany przede wszystkim z romantycznych pejzaży. Uważany za prekursora impresjonizmu. Jego obrazy charakteryzują się pięknymi barwami, głównie żółcieniami. W swych pracach potrafił świetnie uchwycić grę światła. Najbardziej znane prace to Zachód słońca, Deszcz, para, szybkość, Upadek Kartaginy oraz Burza śnieżna na morzu. (pl) 約瑟夫·瑪羅德·威廉·特納（英語：Joseph Mallord William Turner，1775年4月23日－1851年12月19日），简称J·M·W·特纳（J. M. W. Turner）或威廉·特纳（William Turner），又译透纳、泰納，英國浪漫主義風景畫家，水彩畫家和版畫家，他的作品對後期的印象派繪畫發展有相當大的影響。在18世纪歷史畫為主流的畫壇上，其作品並不受重視，但在現代則公認他是非常偉大的風景畫家。 (zh) Джо́зеф Мэ́ллорд Уи́льям Тёрнер, также Те́рнер (англ. Joseph Mallord William Turner; 23 апреля 1775 года, Ковент-Гарден, Лондон — 19 декабря 1851 года, Челси) — английский живописец, мастер романтического пейзажа, акварелист и гравёр. Предтеча французских импрессионистов. Наследие художника составляют более 550 картин маслом, 2000 акварелей и 30 000 работ на бумаге. (ru) Вільям Тернер, повне ім'я Джозеф Меллорд Вільям Тернер (англ. Joseph Mallord William Turner RA; нар. 23 квітня 1775 — пом. 19 грудня 1851) — відомий англійський художник, аквареліст та графік епохи романтизму. Малював пейзаж і, зокрема фантастичні, уявні, міста Італії, інтер'єри тощо. (uk) جوزيف مالورد ويليام تيرنر (بالإنجليزية: Joseph Mallord William Turner، تم عمادته في 14 مايو 1775، توفي في 19 ديسمبر 1851)، هو فنان رومانسي إنكليزي اشتهر برسوماته حول الطبيعية ومائياته والطبعات الفنية. وكان تيرنر مثيرا للجدل في حياته إلا أنه الآن يعدّ الفنان الذي سما بالرسم الطبيعي إلى مستويات تناطح مكانة الرسم التاريخي. اشتهر برسوماته الزيتية كما يعدّ من كبار رسامي المائيات البريطانيين. واشتهر بلقب «رسام الضوء». تعدّ أعماله مقدمة رومانسية للفن الإنطباعي. كما وسمت بعض رسوماته بخانة الفنون التجريدية قبل بزوخها في بدايات القرن العشرين. (ar) Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (* 23. April 1775 in London; † 19. Dezember 1851 in Chelsea, London) war ein englischer Maler, Aquarellist und Zeichner. Er gilt als der bedeutendste bildende Künstler Englands in der Epoche der Romantik. Landschaften und Seestücke waren seine bevorzugten Themen, dem Licht und der Atmosphäre galt dabei sein besonderes Interesse. Weil seine Darstellungsweise bis zur Entmaterialisierung des Gegenständlichen ging und er das Licht und die Farbe von Sonnenlicht, Feuer und Wasser in ganz neuartiger Weise zum eigentlichen Thema seiner Bilder machte, beeinflusste er stark die Impressionisten. Turner war ein schnell arbeitender und enorm produktiver Künstler. Der größte Teil seiner ausgestellten Gemälde ist in den Londoner Museen und anderen angelsächsischen Sammlun (de) Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. (en) Ba ealaíontóir Rómánsúil Sasanach é Joseph Mallord William Turner. Rugadh é i Maiden Lane in Covent Garden, Londain, ar an 23 Aibreán 1775. William Gay Turner ab ainm dá athair agus Mary Marshal ab ainm dá mháthair. Tháinig tinneas intinne ar a mháthair agus é óg, b’fhéidir de bharr bhás a dheirféar óige agus iníon a mháthar, Helen Turner. Fuair sí siúd bás in Bedlam, teach na ngealt. Shiúil Turner an Eoraip, taisteal a thosaigh sa Fhrainc agus san Eilvéis sa bhliain 1802, agus chuaigh sé ag déanamh staidéir sa Louvre i bPáras an bhliain chéanna. Is iomaí cuairt a thug sé ar an Veinéis freisin. (ga) Joseph Mallord William Turner, plus connu sous le nom de William Turner ou de ses initiales J. M. W. Turner, est un peintre, aquarelliste et graveur britannique, né vers le 23 avril 1775 à Londres où il est mort le 19 décembre 1851. Initialement de la veine romantique anglaise, son œuvre est marquée par une recherche novatrice audacieuse qui le fait considérer, avec son contemporain John Constable, comme un précurseur de l'impressionnisme. (fr) Joseph Mallord William Turner (14 Mei 1775 - 19 Desember 1851) adalah seorang pelukis lanskap zaman Romantic pelukis lanskap, air colourist, dan print maker pada j. Turner dianggap sebagai tokoh kontroversial pada zamannya, tetapi kini Ia dianggap sebagai seniman lukis lanskap yang kemampuannya meningkat menyaingi lukisan bertema sejarah. Meskipun terkenal sebagai pelukis dengan cat minyak, tetapi Turner juga merupakan salah satu pelukis cat air terhebat di Inggris. Dia dikenal sebagai "pelukis cahaya" dan karyanya dianggap sebagai pengantar Romantis ke Impresionisme. Beberapa karyanya sering dikutip sebagai contoh seni abstrak. (in) 조지프 말로드 윌리엄 터너(영어: Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775년 4월 23일 ~ 1851년 12월 19일)는 영국의 화가이다. 런던에서 이발사의 아들로 태어났다. 일찍부터 회화에 손을 대어 왕립 미술원에서 그림 수업을 한 뒤, 잠깐 사이에 준회원에서 27세 되던 1802년에 정회원으로 올라갔다. 여러 곳의 풍습과 풍경을 주로 그렸으며, 특히 빛의 묘사에서 획기적인 표현을 남긴 화가이다. (ko) Joseph Mallord William Turner, född 23 april 1775 i Covent Garden, London, död 19 december 1851 i Chelsea, London, var en brittisk konstnär. Han är mest känd för sina romantiska landskapsmålningar, vars stil kan sägas ha lagt grunden för impressionismen. William Turner är känd för sina oljemålningar, men även hans akvareller rönte stor uppmärksamhet. Han använde sig av skiktteknik, vilket innebär att ett lager målas och får torka, varefter andra färger läggs till. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | J. M. W. Turner (en) تيرنر (رسام) (ar) Joseph Mallord William Turner (ca) William Turner (cs) William Turner (de) Ουίλλιαμ Τέρνερ (el) Joseph Mallord William Turner (eo) J. M. W. Turner (es) Joseph Mallord William Turner (eu) J. M. W. Turner (ga) Joseph Mallord William Turner (in) Joseph Mallord William Turner (fr) William Turner (it) ジョゼフ・マロード・ウィリアム・ターナー (ja) 조지프 말로드 윌리엄 터너 (ko) William Turner (nl) William Turner (pl) William Turner (pt) Тёрнер, Уильям (ru) William Turner (sv) Вільям Тернер (uk) 约瑟夫·玛罗德·威廉·特纳 (zh) |
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