Khorloogiin Choibalsan (original) (raw)
Khorloogiin Choibalsan (en mongol ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ) va ser president de la República Popular de Mongòlia des del 24 de gener de 1929 fins al 27 d'abril de 1930. Elegit en el si del Partit Revolucionari Popular, va ser el quart president de la Mongòlia contemporània (la d'abans de 1992).
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| dbo:abstract | Khorloogiin Choibalsan (en mongol ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ) va ser president de la República Popular de Mongòlia des del 24 de gener de 1929 fins al 27 d'abril de 1930. Elegit en el si del Partit Revolucionari Popular, va ser el quart president de la Mongòlia contemporània (la d'abans de 1992). (ca) Chorlogín Čojbalsan (8. února 1895 – 26. ledna 1952 Moskva; mongolsky Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан) byl komunistický vůdce Mongolské lidové republiky od 30. let 20. století do své smrti v roce 1952. (cs) Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (mongolisch Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан; * 8. Februar 1895 im späteren Dornod-Aimag; † 26. Januar 1952 in Moskau; meist nur Tschoibalsan) war der kommunistische Führer der Mongolischen Volksrepublik von 1932 bis zu seinem Tod. (de) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Mongolian: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, spelled Koroloogiin Çoibalsan before 1941; 8 February 1895 – 26 January 1952) was the leader of Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) and Marshal (general chief commander) of the Mongolian People's Army from the 1930s until his death in 1952. His rule marked the first and last time in modern Mongolian history that an individual had complete political power. Sometimes referred to as the "Stalin of Mongolia", Choibalsan oversaw purges in the late 1930s that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 30,000 to 35,000 Mongolians. Most of the victims were Buddhist clergy, intelligentsia, political dissidents, ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs, and others perceived as "enemies of the revolution." While Choibalsan's alliance with Joseph Stalin helped preserve his country's fledgling independence during the early years of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), it also brought Mongolia closer to the Soviet Union. Throughout his rule, Mongolia's economic, political, and military ties to the Soviet Union deepened, infrastructure and literacy rates improved, and international recognition of Mongolia's independence expanded, especially after World War II. (en) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (en mongol ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ (?·i)) fue presidente de Mongolia entre el 24 de enero de 1929 hasta su muerte el 26 de enero de 1952. Elegido dentro del Partido Revolucionario Popular, fue el cuarto presidente de la Mongolia contemporánea. También fue Mariscal de la República Popular de Mongolia del Ejército Popular de Mongolia desde la década de 1930 hasta su muerte. Su mandato correspondió a la primera y última vez en la historia moderna de Mongolia en que un solo individuo tuvo poder político completo. A veces apodado "el Stalin de Mongolia," Choybalsan supervisó a finales de los años treinta las purgas ordenadas por la Unión Soviética que resultaron en las muertes de un estimado de 30 000 a 35 000 mongoles. La mayoría de víctimas fueron clérigos budistas, intelligentsia y disidentes políticos. Aunque la devoción de Choybalsan a Iósif Stalin ayudó a preservar la naciente independencia de su país durante los primeros años de la República Popular de Mongolia, también vinculó estrechamente a Mongolia con la Unión Soviética. A lo largo de su mandato, los vínculos económicos, políticos y militares con la Unión Soviética se profundizaron, la infraestructura y las tasas de alfabetismo mejoraron, y el reconocimiento internacional de la independencia de Mongolia se expandió, especialmente después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. (es) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (mongol : Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан ; 8 février 1895 – 26 janvier 1952) est un militaire et homme politique mongol, principal dirigeant de la République populaire mongole et maréchal de (en) des années 1930 à 1952. Surnommé le « Staline mongol », il organise entre 1937 et 1939 les purges les plus sanglantes de l'histoire du pays, causant la mort de 20 à 35 000 personnes (soit 3 à 5 % de la population de l'époque), principalement des membres du clergé bouddhiste, de l'intelligentsia, de la dissidence et des minorités ethniques (Bouriates, Kazakhs, etc.). Ses efforts pour éliminer la caste des moines bouddhistes ne se limitent cependant pas aux purges et conduisent à la quasi-disparition de ces derniers, leur nombre passant de 100 000 au début des années 1930 à quelques centaines au début des années 2000. L'alliance solide de Choybalsan avec son homologue soviétique permet de préserver l'indépendance fragile de la Mongolie, ce qui en fait l'un des trois seuls États socialistes indépendants (avec l'URSS et le Tannou-Touva) de la planète pendant près de deux décennies. Durant sa période à la tête de la Mongolie, les liens économiques, politiques et militaires de cette dernière avec l'URSS s'intensifient, les infrastructures se développent et le taux d'alphabétisation s'accroît considérablement. Enfin, le pays commence à jouir d'une certaine reconnaissance internationale, surtout après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La quatrième ville la plus peuplée de Mongolie porte actuellement son nom. (fr) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Mongol: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, dieja Koroloogiin Çoibalsan antara 1931 dan 1941; 8 Februari 1895 – 26 Januari 1952) adalah politikus komunis Mongolia serta Marsekal (panglima tertinggi) dari 1930-an hingga kematiannya tahun 1952. Ia adalah orang pertama dan satu-satunya dalam yang memegang kekuasaan penuh atas politik negara itu. Choibalsan mengadakan pembersihan besar-besaran yang merupakan pesanan Uni Soviet pada akhir dekade 1930-an yang mengakibatkan korban tewas sebanyak 30.000 hingga 35.000 rakyatnya sendiri. Sebagian besar korban merupakan rohaniwan Buddha, kalangan intelektual, saingan politik, orang-orang Buryat dan Kazakh, dan "musuh-musuh revolusi" lainnya. Sehingga, ia mendapat julukan "Stalin dari Mongolia". Pada masa pemerintahannya, Mongolia mampu mempertahankan kemandirian dan kemredekaannya meski dalam pengaruh bayang-bayang Soviet yang merupakan sekutu dekat Choibalsan. Pada masanya pembangunan infrastruktur digencarkan, tingkat melek huruf meningkat, serta bertambahnya pengakuan internasional atas kemerdekaan Mongolia terutama setelah Perang Dunia Kedua. Choibalsan meninggal akibat sakit kanker ginjal di Moskwa pada 26 Januari 1952. (in) 허를러깅 처이발상(몽골어: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, 1895년 2월 8일 ~ 1952년 1월 26일) 은 몽골의 공산주의 혁명가이자 정치인으로, 1927년부터 죽을 때까지 몽골 인민공화국의 지도자 (1924년 ~ 1952년 몽골 인민혁명당 중앙위원회 서기장, 1929년 ~ 1930년 몽골 인민공화국 국가소후랄 의장, 1939년 ~ 1952년 몽골 인민공화국 총리)로 있었다. 1939년 7월 9일부터 이듬해 1940년 7월 6일까지 몽골 인민공화국 국가원수 권한대행을 지냈다. 그는 스탈린주의자였으며 몽골의 스탈린이라는 별명으로 불린다. (ko) Horloogijn Čojbalsan, in mongolo Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, Khorloogiin Choibalsan nella traslitterazione anglosassone, (Dornod, 8 febbraio 1895 – Mosca, 26 gennaio 1952), è stato un politico e generale mongolo, Presidente della Mongolia dal 1929 al 1930 e Primo ministro dal 1939 al 1952. (it) ホルローギーン・チョイバルサン（モンゴル語：ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ、Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан、Khorloogiin Choibalsan、光緒21年1月14日（1895年2月8日） - 1952年1月26日）は、モンゴルの革命家、軍人、政治家。 (ja) Chorloogijn Tsjoibalsan (Mongools: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан) was een politicus uit de Volksrepubliek Mongolië. Hij volgde een opleiding aan de Russische school in Ulaanbaatar (toen: Oerga). In 1919 leidde hij een Mongoolse partizaneneenheid die de Chinese generaal uit Mongolië wist te verdrijven. In februari 1921 nam de Baltische baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg - die zich een reïncarnatie van Boeddha waande - met behulp van zijn Witte Leger de macht over in Mongolië en zette de koetoektoe (priester-koning) Jebtsundamba, af. Op 1 maart 1921 stichtten enkele jonge Mongoolse revolutionairen, waaronder Tsjoibalsan de Mongoolse Volkspartij. De Mongoolse Volkspartij keerde zich tegen Ungern-Sternberg en de Witte Legers, maar ook tegen het Westers imperialisme. Het programma van de Mongoolse Volkspartij was nationalistisch en socialistisch gekleurd. Tsjoibalsan, inmiddels een officier van het Mongoolse Revolutionaire Leger geworden, wist met behulp van het Sovjet-Russische Rode Leger Von Ungern-Sternberg en de koetoektoe Jebtsundamba te verdrijven. Sindsdien was Tsjoibalsan de leider van de pro-Sovjet groep binnen de Mongoolse Volkspartij. Na het overlijden van de koetoektoe in 1924 werd de Mongoolse Volksrepubliek uitgeroepen en de Mongoolse Volkspartij werd de communistische Mongoolse Revolutionaire Volkspartij (MPRP). In 1924 werd Tsjoibalsan opperbevelhebber van het Mongoolse leger en in 1926 werd hij lid van het Centraal Comité en het Presidium van de MPRP.Van 1929 tot 1930 was Tsjoibalsan staatshoofd (Voorzitter van het Presidium van de Kleine Staats Hural) en van 1939 tot 1952 minister-president (tot 1946 voorzitter van de Raad van Volkscommissarissen). Met Stalins hulp creëerde Tsjoibalsan een machtspositie. In de jaren dertig 'zuiverde' hij de Mongoolse Revolutionaire Volkspartij (MPRP) en gaf hij de sleutelposities in de regering weg aan de stalinisten. In 1935 liet hij oud-premier Gendoen berechten, omdat deze zich negatief uitliet over de Sovjet-economie in Mongolië. Na 1936 gaf hij leiding aan de liquidate van het georganiseerd boeddhisme in Mongolië. In 1939 werd Tsjoibalsan maarschalk. Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog vocht Mongolië aan de kant van de geallieerden tegen de asmogendheden. Hij overleed in Moskou in 1952, volgens sommigen onder verdachte omstandigheden. Tot zijn dood bleef hij een machtig dictator. Partijsecretaris Tsedenbal volgde hem op. Chorloogijn Tsjoibalsan werd meerdere malen onderscheiden met de Orde van Suha Bator. (nl) Chorlogijn Czojbalsan (w polskich pracach sprzed ok. 1990 stosowano pisownię nazwiska Czojbałsan, obecnie przeważa zapis Czojbalsan, czasami też imię w polskich książkach zapisuje się jako Chorloogijn np. w pracy Baabara mong. ) (ur. 8 lutego 1895 w Tsjanghan Ghalbai, zm. 26 stycznia 1952 w Moskwie) – mongolski dowódca wojskowy, głównodowodzący Armią MRL (1924–1928), marszałek, minister spraw zagranicznych i minister obrony narodowej, premier MRL (1939–1952), jeden z twórców Mongolskiej Partii Ludowo-Rewolucyjnej, sekretarz Komitetu Centralnego MPL-R i socjalistyczny przywódca Mongolii od lat 30. XX wieku aż do swojej śmierci, dwukrotny Bohater Mongolii (1941, 1945). (pl) (info), född 8 februari 1895 i Bajan Tümen (nuvarande Tjojbalsan), död 26 januari 1952 i Moskva, var en mongolisk kommunistisk politiker och Mongoliska Folkrepublikens regeringschef från 1939 fram till sin död. Tjojbalsan utbildade sig först till lamabuddhistisk munk, men begav sig efter den ryska revolutionen till Sibirien där han tog kontakt med ryska revolutionärer. 1921 förenade han sig med Damdiny Süchbaatar i Mongoliska folkets revolutionära parti. Tjojbalsan deltog i det inbördeskrig som skulle frigöra Mongoliet från Kina och upprätta formell självständighet under sovjetiskt beskydd. Han blev ledamot i den kommunistiska regeringen på 1920-talet och vid slutet på 1930-talet hade han genom utrensningar lyckats etablera sig som Mongoliets diktator. Under hans regim genomfördes i samarbete med Sovjetunionen en systematisk utrotningspolitik gentemot den gamla mongoliska överklassen och åren 1937-38 beräknas 20 474 personer ha mördats i utrensningarna. Särskilt det buddhistiska prästerskapet drabbades hårt och hundratals kloster förstördes. Han var också föremål för en intensiv personkult under sin livstid och framställdes som "Mongoliets Stalin". 1941 döptes Bayan Tümen, Mongoliets fjärde största stad, om till Tjojbalsan. * * Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Chorloogijn Tjojbalsan. (sv) Хорлогийн Чойбалсан (монг. Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан?, ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ?; 8 февраля 1895 — 26 января 1952, Москва) — монгольский революционер, государственный и политический деятель, лидер Монголии с 1930-х годов до своей смерти. Маршал МНР (1936). С 1937 по 1939 организовал уничтожение от 3 до 5 процентов населения Монголии, и стал абсолютным властителем под руководством СССР/Сталина. При жизни Чойбалсана и некоторое время после его смерти в Монголии существовал культ его личности, подобный культу личности Сталина в СССР. (ru) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (8 de fevereiro de 1895 - 26 de janeiro de 1952) foi um Marechal da República Popular da Mongólia de 1930 até sua morte em 1952. Foi também Primeiro ministro da Mongólia de 24 de março de 1939 até sua morte em 26 de janeiro de 1952 e Líder da Mongólia de 24 de janeiro de 1929 até 27 de abril de 1930 (pt) 霍尔洛·喬巴山（蒙古语：ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ，西里尔字母：Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан，1895年2月8日－1952年1月26日），喀爾喀蒙古族、外蒙古車臣汗部人，蒙古人民共和国领导人，蒙古人民革命党創始人之一。1928年成为蒙古人民共和国实际最高领导人。1936年被授予蒙古人民共和国元帅称号，1937年起任起任蒙古人民共和国部长会议主席（即内阁总理）、人民军总司令和国防部长，担任所有职务直至1952年逝世。作为蒙古人民共和国历史上第一个也是最后一个揽所有大权于一身的领导人，他常被西方称为“蒙古的斯大林”。他对1930年代末苏联暴力的大清洗运动的观察和学习，发动了大镇压，导致了治下三万至三万五千名蒙古人的死亡。死难者大部分为佛教僧侣、知识阶层、持不同政见者、少数民族（布里亚特人、哈萨克人、华人等）以及其他“反革命分子”。他的强烈迫害使得蒙古境内佛教几乎被全面消灭。 乔巴山对于斯大林的忠心使得蒙古人民共和国独立初期得以站稳脚跟，也使得蒙古成为苏联的第一个卫星国，蒙古的经济、政治以及军事全部受到苏联方面强烈影响。在任期间基础设施建设以及识字率有所提高，经济上虽然在苏联帮助下有了较为完整的工业体系，但仍然依附于苏联援助。在二战后，国际方面开始广泛认可独立的蒙古国。 (zh) Хорлоґійн Чойбалсан (монг. Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, де перша частина є ім'ям по батькові, а друга — особистим ім'ям, прізвища в Монголії відсутні; 8 лютого 1895 — 26 січня 1952) — комуністичний лідер Монголії з 1930-х рр. до своєї смерті. За життя Чойбалсана і якийсь час після його смерті в Монголії існував культ його особи, подібний до культу особи Сталіна. (uk) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1895-02-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthName | Khorloogiin Dugar (en) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Qing_dynasty dbr:Outer_Mongolia dbr:Choibalsan_(city) |
| dbo:deathDate | 1952-01-26 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic dbr:Moscow dbr:Soviet_Union |
| dbo:militaryService | dbr:Khorloogiin_Choibalsan__MilitaryService__1 |
| dbo:nationality | dbr:Mongols |
| dbo:party | dbr:Mongolian_People's_Party |
| dbo:restingPlace | dbr:Ulaanbaatar dbr:Mongolia |
| dbo:termPeriod | dbr:Khorloogiin_Choibalsan__Tenure__1 dbr:Khorloogiin_Choibalsan__Tenure__2 dbr:Khorloogiin_Choibalsan__Tenure__3 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Kh._Choibalsan_around_1925.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://m.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=rZr7y32qR5c http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi%3Fpath=6010995985613 http://www.rte.ie/news/2003/0612/mongolia.html |
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| dbp:footer | Notable victims of Choibalsan's purges include ; prime ministers P. Genden and A. Amar, and two of the founding members of the MPRP D. Dogsom and D. Losol (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Khorloogiin Choibalsan (en mongol ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ) va ser president de la República Popular de Mongòlia des del 24 de gener de 1929 fins al 27 d'abril de 1930. Elegit en el si del Partit Revolucionari Popular, va ser el quart president de la Mongòlia contemporània (la d'abans de 1992). (ca) Chorlogín Čojbalsan (8. února 1895 – 26. ledna 1952 Moskva; mongolsky Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан) byl komunistický vůdce Mongolské lidové republiky od 30. let 20. století do své smrti v roce 1952. (cs) Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (mongolisch Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан; * 8. Februar 1895 im späteren Dornod-Aimag; † 26. Januar 1952 in Moskau; meist nur Tschoibalsan) war der kommunistische Führer der Mongolischen Volksrepublik von 1932 bis zu seinem Tod. (de) 허를러깅 처이발상(몽골어: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, 1895년 2월 8일 ~ 1952년 1월 26일) 은 몽골의 공산주의 혁명가이자 정치인으로, 1927년부터 죽을 때까지 몽골 인민공화국의 지도자 (1924년 ~ 1952년 몽골 인민혁명당 중앙위원회 서기장, 1929년 ~ 1930년 몽골 인민공화국 국가소후랄 의장, 1939년 ~ 1952년 몽골 인민공화국 총리)로 있었다. 1939년 7월 9일부터 이듬해 1940년 7월 6일까지 몽골 인민공화국 국가원수 권한대행을 지냈다. 그는 스탈린주의자였으며 몽골의 스탈린이라는 별명으로 불린다. (ko) Horloogijn Čojbalsan, in mongolo Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, Khorloogiin Choibalsan nella traslitterazione anglosassone, (Dornod, 8 febbraio 1895 – Mosca, 26 gennaio 1952), è stato un politico e generale mongolo, Presidente della Mongolia dal 1929 al 1930 e Primo ministro dal 1939 al 1952. (it) ホルローギーン・チョイバルサン（モンゴル語：ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ、Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан、Khorloogiin Choibalsan、光緒21年1月14日（1895年2月8日） - 1952年1月26日）は、モンゴルの革命家、軍人、政治家。 (ja) Chorlogijn Czojbalsan (w polskich pracach sprzed ok. 1990 stosowano pisownię nazwiska Czojbałsan, obecnie przeważa zapis Czojbalsan, czasami też imię w polskich książkach zapisuje się jako Chorloogijn np. w pracy Baabara mong. ) (ur. 8 lutego 1895 w Tsjanghan Ghalbai, zm. 26 stycznia 1952 w Moskwie) – mongolski dowódca wojskowy, głównodowodzący Armią MRL (1924–1928), marszałek, minister spraw zagranicznych i minister obrony narodowej, premier MRL (1939–1952), jeden z twórców Mongolskiej Partii Ludowo-Rewolucyjnej, sekretarz Komitetu Centralnego MPL-R i socjalistyczny przywódca Mongolii od lat 30. XX wieku aż do swojej śmierci, dwukrotny Bohater Mongolii (1941, 1945). (pl) Хорлогийн Чойбалсан (монг. Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан?, ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ?; 8 февраля 1895 — 26 января 1952, Москва) — монгольский революционер, государственный и политический деятель, лидер Монголии с 1930-х годов до своей смерти. Маршал МНР (1936). С 1937 по 1939 организовал уничтожение от 3 до 5 процентов населения Монголии, и стал абсолютным властителем под руководством СССР/Сталина. При жизни Чойбалсана и некоторое время после его смерти в Монголии существовал культ его личности, подобный культу личности Сталина в СССР. (ru) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (8 de fevereiro de 1895 - 26 de janeiro de 1952) foi um Marechal da República Popular da Mongólia de 1930 até sua morte em 1952. Foi também Primeiro ministro da Mongólia de 24 de março de 1939 até sua morte em 26 de janeiro de 1952 e Líder da Mongólia de 24 de janeiro de 1929 até 27 de abril de 1930 (pt) 霍尔洛·喬巴山（蒙古语：ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ，西里尔字母：Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан，1895年2月8日－1952年1月26日），喀爾喀蒙古族、外蒙古車臣汗部人，蒙古人民共和国领导人，蒙古人民革命党創始人之一。1928年成为蒙古人民共和国实际最高领导人。1936年被授予蒙古人民共和国元帅称号，1937年起任起任蒙古人民共和国部长会议主席（即内阁总理）、人民军总司令和国防部长，担任所有职务直至1952年逝世。作为蒙古人民共和国历史上第一个也是最后一个揽所有大权于一身的领导人，他常被西方称为“蒙古的斯大林”。他对1930年代末苏联暴力的大清洗运动的观察和学习，发动了大镇压，导致了治下三万至三万五千名蒙古人的死亡。死难者大部分为佛教僧侣、知识阶层、持不同政见者、少数民族（布里亚特人、哈萨克人、华人等）以及其他“反革命分子”。他的强烈迫害使得蒙古境内佛教几乎被全面消灭。 乔巴山对于斯大林的忠心使得蒙古人民共和国独立初期得以站稳脚跟，也使得蒙古成为苏联的第一个卫星国，蒙古的经济、政治以及军事全部受到苏联方面强烈影响。在任期间基础设施建设以及识字率有所提高，经济上虽然在苏联帮助下有了较为完整的工业体系，但仍然依附于苏联援助。在二战后，国际方面开始广泛认可独立的蒙古国。 (zh) Хорлоґійн Чойбалсан (монг. Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, де перша частина є ім'ям по батькові, а друга — особистим ім'ям, прізвища в Монголії відсутні; 8 лютого 1895 — 26 січня 1952) — комуністичний лідер Монголії з 1930-х рр. до своєї смерті. За життя Чойбалсана і якийсь час після його смерті в Монголії існував культ його особи, подібний до культу особи Сталіна. (uk) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Mongolian: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, spelled Koroloogiin Çoibalsan before 1941; 8 February 1895 – 26 January 1952) was the leader of Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) and Marshal (general chief commander) of the Mongolian People's Army from the 1930s until his death in 1952. His rule marked the first and last time in modern Mongolian history that an individual had complete political power. Sometimes referred to as the "Stalin of Mongolia", Choibalsan oversaw purges in the late 1930s that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 30,000 to 35,000 Mongolians. Most of the victims were Buddhist clergy, intelligentsia, political dissidents, ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs, and others perceived as "enemies of the revolution." (en) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (en mongol ᠬᠣᠷᠯᠤᠠ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ (?·i)) fue presidente de Mongolia entre el 24 de enero de 1929 hasta su muerte el 26 de enero de 1952. Elegido dentro del Partido Revolucionario Popular, fue el cuarto presidente de la Mongolia contemporánea. También fue Mariscal de la República Popular de Mongolia del Ejército Popular de Mongolia desde la década de 1930 hasta su muerte. Su mandato correspondió a la primera y última vez en la historia moderna de Mongolia en que un solo individuo tuvo poder político completo. A veces apodado "el Stalin de Mongolia," Choybalsan supervisó a finales de los años treinta las purgas ordenadas por la Unión Soviética que resultaron en las muertes de un estimado de 30 000 a 35 000 mongoles. La mayoría de víctimas fueron clérigos budistas, inte (es) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (mongol : Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан ; 8 février 1895 – 26 janvier 1952) est un militaire et homme politique mongol, principal dirigeant de la République populaire mongole et maréchal de (en) des années 1930 à 1952. L'alliance solide de Choybalsan avec son homologue soviétique permet de préserver l'indépendance fragile de la Mongolie, ce qui en fait l'un des trois seuls États socialistes indépendants (avec l'URSS et le Tannou-Touva) de la planète pendant près de deux décennies. La quatrième ville la plus peuplée de Mongolie porte actuellement son nom. (fr) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (Mongol: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан, dieja Koroloogiin Çoibalsan antara 1931 dan 1941; 8 Februari 1895 – 26 Januari 1952) adalah politikus komunis Mongolia serta Marsekal (panglima tertinggi) dari 1930-an hingga kematiannya tahun 1952. Ia adalah orang pertama dan satu-satunya dalam yang memegang kekuasaan penuh atas politik negara itu. Choibalsan mengadakan pembersihan besar-besaran yang merupakan pesanan Uni Soviet pada akhir dekade 1930-an yang mengakibatkan korban tewas sebanyak 30.000 hingga 35.000 rakyatnya sendiri. Sebagian besar korban merupakan rohaniwan Buddha, kalangan intelektual, saingan politik, orang-orang Buryat dan Kazakh, dan "musuh-musuh revolusi" lainnya. Sehingga, ia mendapat julukan "Stalin dari Mongolia". (in) Chorloogijn Tsjoibalsan (Mongools: Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан) was een politicus uit de Volksrepubliek Mongolië. Hij volgde een opleiding aan de Russische school in Ulaanbaatar (toen: Oerga). In 1919 leidde hij een Mongoolse partizaneneenheid die de Chinese generaal uit Mongolië wist te verdrijven. Chorloogijn Tsjoibalsan werd meerdere malen onderscheiden met de Orde van Suha Bator. (nl) (info), född 8 februari 1895 i Bajan Tümen (nuvarande Tjojbalsan), död 26 januari 1952 i Moskva, var en mongolisk kommunistisk politiker och Mongoliska Folkrepublikens regeringschef från 1939 fram till sin död. Tjojbalsan utbildade sig först till lamabuddhistisk munk, men begav sig efter den ryska revolutionen till Sibirien där han tog kontakt med ryska revolutionärer. 1921 förenade han sig med Damdiny Süchbaatar i Mongoliska folkets revolutionära parti. Tjojbalsan deltog i det inbördeskrig som skulle frigöra Mongoliet från Kina och upprätta formell självständighet under sovjetiskt beskydd. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Khorloogiin Choibalsan (ca) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (en) Chorlogín Čojbalsan (cs) Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (de) Χορλοογκίιν Τσοϊμπαλσάν (el) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (es) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (in) Horloogiyn Choybalsan (fr) Horloogijn Čojbalsan (it) 허를러깅 처이발상 (ko) ホルローギーン・チョイバルサン (ja) Chorloogijn Tsjoibalsan (nl) Chorlogijn Czojbalsan (pl) Khorloogiin Choibalsan (pt) Хорлогийн Чойбалсан (ru) Chorloogijn Tjojbalsan (sv) Хорлогійн Чойбалсан (uk) 霍尔洛·乔巴山 (zh) |
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