List of Linux-supported computer architectures (original) (raw)
La Portabilidad del núcleo Linux y arquitecturas soportadas, se refiere a que originalmente escrito para procesadores Intel i386, el núcleo Linux fue recodificado para facilitar la portabilidad de éste. Habiendo sido reescrito una vez para la arquitectura Motorola 68K, la perspectiva de las tediosas reescrituras para cada arquitectura posible, incitada por Linus Torvalds, se enfocaba en poseer una base de código modular que pudiese ser portada hacia diferentes arquitecturas con un mínimo de esfuerzo. La modularidad adicional fue alcanzada por el núcleo 2.0 con módulos dinámicamente cargables.
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| dbo:abstract | The basic components of the Linux family of operating systems, which are based on the Linux kernel, the GNU C Library, BusyBox or forks thereof like μClinux and uClibc, have been programmed with a certain level of abstraction in mind. Also, there are distinct code paths in the assembly language or C source code which support certain hardware. Therefore, the source code can be successfully compiled on—or cross-compiled for—a great number of computer architectures. Furthermore, the required free and open-source software has also been developed to interface between Linux and the hardware Linux is to be executed on. For example, compilers are available, e.g. GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and LLVM/Clang. For cross-compilation a number of complete toolchains are available, like GNU toolchain, OpenWrt Buildroot or OpenEmbedded. The Yocto Project is targeted at embedded use cases. The portability section of the Linux kernel article contains information and references to technical details. Note that further components like a display server, or programs like Blender, can be present or absent. Fundamentally any software has to be ported, i.e. specifically adapted, to any kind of hardware it is supposed to be executed on. The level of abstraction that has been kept in mind while programming that software in the first place dictates the necessary effort. The relevant term is of the porting target is computer architecture; it comprises the instruction set(s) and the microarchitecture(s) of the processor(s), at least of the CPU. The target also comprises the "system design" of the entire system, be it a supercomputer, a desktop computer or some SoC, e.g. in case some unique bus is being used. In former times, the memory controller was part of the chipset on the motherboard and not on the CPU-die. Although the support of a specific instruction set is the task of the compiler, the software must be written with a certain level of abstraction in mind to make this portability possible. Any code written in Assembly language will be specific to the instruction set. The support of a specific microarchitecture includes optimizations for the CPU cache hierarchy, the TLB, etc. (en) La Portabilidad del núcleo Linux y arquitecturas soportadas, se refiere a que originalmente escrito para procesadores Intel i386, el núcleo Linux fue recodificado para facilitar la portabilidad de éste. Habiendo sido reescrito una vez para la arquitectura Motorola 68K, la perspectiva de las tediosas reescrituras para cada arquitectura posible, incitada por Linus Torvalds, se enfocaba en poseer una base de código modular que pudiese ser portada hacia diferentes arquitecturas con un mínimo de esfuerzo. Carpetas específicas de arquitectura en las fuentes del núcleo, se dirigen a detalles particulares de cada procesador soportado, mientras todas las ventajas radican el en hecho de compartir un idéntico código de núcleo. La modularidad adicional fue alcanzada por el núcleo 2.0 con módulos dinámicamente cargables. (es) O Linux é portável e suporta as seguintes arquiteturas de computadores: * Arquitetura alpha: * DEC Alpha * Samsung Alpha CPU * DIspositivos análogos * (desde 2.6.22) * Argonaut RISC Core (ARC) da * Arquitetura ARM: * Séries Acorn Archimedes e * DEC StrongARM * Marvell (antigo Intel) * Sharp Zaurus * iPAQ * da Palm, Inc. * GP2X da * * * * Nokia N900 * * Nintendo DS via * * * Alguns modelos de iPods da Apple Inc. (ver ) * * Processadores multimídia da Freescale (antigo Motorola) * Atmel AVR32 * da * Arquitetura 68k Freescale (68020, 68030, 68040, 68060): * Alguns Amigas: , , , * Apple , LC, Quadra, e as primeiras séries do Performa * Fujitsu FR-V * Família PA-RISC da Hewlett-Packard * Arquitetura da Renesas Technology, antiga Hitachi. * H8/300 * H8/500 * IBM * System/390 * Mainframes e System z9 (64bites) * Intel IA-64 Itanium, Itanium II * Arquitetura x86: * Compatívels com o IBM PC usando processadores IA-32 e x86-64: * Intel 80386, 80486, e seus variantes AMD, Cyrix, Texas Instruments e IBM * Toda a série Pentium e seus viantes Celeron e Xeon * Os processadores Intel Core * AMD 5x86, K5, K6, Athlon (todas versões 32-bites), Duron, Sempron * x86-64: arquitetura de processadores 64-bites, agora oficialmente conhecidos como AMD64 (AMD) ou Intel64 (Intel); suportada pelos processadores Athlon 64, Opteron e Intel Core 2, entre outros * Séries Cyrix 5x86, (M1), 6x86MX e (National/AMD Geode) * Processadores VIA Technologies Eden (Samuel II), VIA C3, e VIA C7 * Xbox da Microsoft (Pentium III), através do projeto * (Pentium II/III com chipset SGI) * Estações de trabalho Sun Microsystems (80386 and 80486) * Suporte às CPUs 8086, 8088, 80186, 80188 e 80286 em desenvolvimento (a bifurcação ) * da Mitsubishi * MIPS: * Dingoo * Processadores da Infineon usados pela Amazon & Danube Network * * , * * Loongson (compatível com MIPS), Loongson 2, e Loongson 2E da BLX IC Design Ltd (China) * Alguns modelos de PlayStation 2, através do projeto PS2 Linux * PlayStation Portable porte do uClinux 2.4.19 [1] * Chipsets de rede sem fio da Broadcom * (modelos HD) * Processadores de pacote * Série de processores de núcleo aberto : * Beyond Semiconductor OR1200 * Beyond Semiconductor OR1210 * Arquitetura Power: * Servidores IBM * Arquitetura PowerPC: * Cell da IBM * A maioria dos computadores Apple pré-Intel (todos Power Macintoshes baseados em PCI, suporte limitado para os Power Macs mais antigos) * Clones do PCI Power Mac oferecido pela , e Motorola * Amigas atualizados com uma placa "Power-UP" (como o Blizzard ou o CyberStorm) * Placa-mãe do AmigaOne da Eyetech Group Ltd (UK) * da Soft3 (Itaália) * Sistemas IBM RS/6000, iSeries e * Placas I e II da Genesi * Nintendo GameCube e Wii, através do * Projeto da Realm Systems, Inc. * Playstation 3 da Sony * CPU da Culturecom. * Virtex II Pro Field Programmable Array (FPGA) da Xilinx com núcleos PowerPC). * (modelos não-HD) * SPARC * SPARC (32-bites): * (será abandonado na versão 2.6.27) * Séries (sun4c, sun4m, sun4d) * SPARC (64-bites): * * * * Sistemas baseados nos processadores e UltraSPARC T2 * SuperH * Sega Dreamcast (SuperH SH4) * HP 680 através da distribuição (SuperH SH3) * Processadores adicionais (particularmente o 68000 da Freescale e o ) são suportados pela variante sem Unidade de Gerenciamento de Memória μClinux. (pt) Linux操作系统家族的基本组件如Linux内核、GNU C 函式庫、BusyBox，或其复刻如μClinux和uClibc，在编程时已经考虑了一定程度的抽象。此外，在汇编语言或C语言源代码中包含了不同的代码途径，以支持特定的硬件。因此，源代码可以在大量的计算机系统结构上成功编译（或交叉编译）。 此外，还开发了必需的自由及开放源代码软件，作为Linux和将要执行Linux的硬件之间的接口。例如，編譯器如GCC和LLVM/Clang。对交叉编译来说，则有数个完整工具鏈，像GNU工具链、或OpenEmbedded。Yocto计划针对嵌入式应用案例。 条目Linux内核的可移植性一节中包含了有关技术细节的信息及参考。 请注意，额外的组件，如或程序（像Blender），不一定适用以下所有平台。根本上说，所有软件都需要移植到执行该软件的硬件上，即适用特定体系。在编程时抽象的程度决定了该软件日后移植时所需要付出的努力。 相关术语：移植目标中有计算机系统结构，包括指令集架構和微处理器（至少为CPU）的微架構。目标还包括整个系统的“系统设计”，无论是超级计算机、桌上型電腦还是某些系统芯片，如在某些情况下，使用的是独一无二的总线。过去，内存控制器是在主板芯片组的一部分，而不是在CPU晶粒上。 尽管支持特定指令集是编译器的任务，软件在编写时也需考虑一定程度的抽象，才能使移植成为可能。以汇编语言写成的任何代码都将限定于某一指令集。 对特定微架构的支持包括优化CPU缓存层次结构中的TLB等。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.stillhq.com/pdfdb/000454/data.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20070114094416/http:/df38.dot5hosting.com/~remember/chris/ https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/3/14/505 http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_11/moon/ http://marc.info/%3Fl=linux-kernel&m=117902651507441&w=2 |
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| dbp:date | April 2018 (en) |
| dbp:reason | Links instead of proper references, formatting. (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Linux_kernel |
| rdfs:comment | La Portabilidad del núcleo Linux y arquitecturas soportadas, se refiere a que originalmente escrito para procesadores Intel i386, el núcleo Linux fue recodificado para facilitar la portabilidad de éste. Habiendo sido reescrito una vez para la arquitectura Motorola 68K, la perspectiva de las tediosas reescrituras para cada arquitectura posible, incitada por Linus Torvalds, se enfocaba en poseer una base de código modular que pudiese ser portada hacia diferentes arquitecturas con un mínimo de esfuerzo. La modularidad adicional fue alcanzada por el núcleo 2.0 con módulos dinámicamente cargables. (es) The basic components of the Linux family of operating systems, which are based on the Linux kernel, the GNU C Library, BusyBox or forks thereof like μClinux and uClibc, have been programmed with a certain level of abstraction in mind. Also, there are distinct code paths in the assembly language or C source code which support certain hardware. Therefore, the source code can be successfully compiled on—or cross-compiled for—a great number of computer architectures. The portability section of the Linux kernel article contains information and references to technical details. (en) O Linux é portável e suporta as seguintes arquiteturas de computadores: * Arquitetura alpha: * DEC Alpha * Samsung Alpha CPU * DIspositivos análogos * (desde 2.6.22) * Argonaut RISC Core (ARC) da * Arquitetura ARM: * Séries Acorn Archimedes e * DEC StrongARM * Marvell (antigo Intel) * Sharp Zaurus * iPAQ * da Palm, Inc. * GP2X da * * * * Nokia N900 * * Nintendo DS via * * * Alguns modelos de iPods da Apple Inc. (ver ) * * Processadores multimídia da Freescale (antigo Motorola) * Atmel AVR32 * da * Arquitetura 68k Freescale (68020, 68030, 68040, 68060): * Alguns Amigas: , , , * Apple , LC, Quadra, e as primeiras séries do Performa * Fujitsu FR-V * Família PA-RISC da Hewlett-Packard * Arquitetura da Renesas Technology, antiga Hitachi. * H (pt) Linux操作系统家族的基本组件如Linux内核、GNU C 函式庫、BusyBox，或其复刻如μClinux和uClibc，在编程时已经考虑了一定程度的抽象。此外，在汇编语言或C语言源代码中包含了不同的代码途径，以支持特定的硬件。因此，源代码可以在大量的计算机系统结构上成功编译（或交叉编译）。 此外，还开发了必需的自由及开放源代码软件，作为Linux和将要执行Linux的硬件之间的接口。例如，編譯器如GCC和LLVM/Clang。对交叉编译来说，则有数个完整工具鏈，像GNU工具链、或OpenEmbedded。Yocto计划针对嵌入式应用案例。 条目Linux内核的可移植性一节中包含了有关技术细节的信息及参考。 请注意，额外的组件，如或程序（像Blender），不一定适用以下所有平台。根本上说，所有软件都需要移植到执行该软件的硬件上，即适用特定体系。在编程时抽象的程度决定了该软件日后移植时所需要付出的努力。 相关术语：移植目标中有计算机系统结构，包括指令集架構和微处理器（至少为CPU）的微架構。目标还包括整个系统的“系统设计”，无论是超级计算机、桌上型電腦还是某些系统芯片，如在某些情况下，使用的是独一无二的总线。过去，内存控制器是在主板芯片组的一部分，而不是在CPU晶粒上。 对特定微架构的支持包括优化CPU缓存层次结构中的TLB等。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Portabilidad del núcleo Linux y arquitecturas soportadas (es) List of Linux-supported computer architectures (en) Lista de arquiteturas compatíveis com Linux (pt) Linux支持的计算机系统结构列表 (zh) |
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