Natural history specimen dealers had an important role in the development of science in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. They supplied the rapidly growing, both in size and number, museums and educational establishments and private collectors whose collections, either in entirety or parts finally entered museums.Most sold not just zoological, botanical and geological specimens but also equipment and books. Many also sold archaeological and ethnographic items. They purchased specimens from professional and amateur collectors, sometimes collected themselves as well as acting as agents for the sale of collections. Many were based in mercantile centres notably Amsterdam, Hamburg, and London or in major cities. Some were specialists and some were taxonomic authorities who wrote scientific works and manuals, some functioned as trading museums or institutes. This is a list of natural history dealers from the 16th to the 19th century: here are names that are frequently encountered in museum collections. * (fl. 1882-1885) Mineral collector and dealer in Zurich. * (?1802-1882); German Mineral dealer resident in Ballarat. * Preparator and dealer in educational materials at " "Naturhistorisches Institut" on Beatrixgasse, Vienna, 1896, on Ungargasse, Vienna in 1903-1906.Supplied specimens to Archduke Franz Ferdinand. * Ludwig Anker (1822, Budapest -1887) Insektenhändler * Mary Anning * (1879–1964) Insektenhändler in Meran * Andreas Bang-Haas * Otto Bang-Haas * Max Bartel (1879–1914) Berlin * Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka * (c. 1850?-1925) Vienna mineral dealers as "Österr.-ungar. Mineralien-Comptoir" or Austro-Hungarian Mineral Dealership. * Edward Percy Bottley Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd geology and mineral dealership * , born 14 June 1870 Naturalien und Lehrmittel-Anstalt Berlin C. 2, Brüderstrasse 15. * August Friedrich Böttcher * Dealers in zoological specimens in Brighton from 1858-1937. * Nérée Boubée Paris * Adolphe Boucard * (1800–1864) Fossil and mineral dealer in Regensburg de:Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun * Brendel and Sohn Botanical modelmakers in Breslau and Berlin. * Antonie Augustus Bruijn Dutch East Indies * Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet (Paris) * Emile Clement Australia * William Deans Cowan Madagascar * Giuseppe De Cristoforis (Milan) * Eduard Dämle Insect dealer in Hamburg. * Robert Damon Natural history dealer in Weymouth * Jules Desbrochers des Loges French insect dealer. * Émile Deyrolle (1838–1917) French naturalist and natural history dealer in Paris. The business was originally owned by his naturalist grandfather, Jean-Baptiste Deyrolle who opened his shop in 1831 at 23, Rue de la Monnaie. Émile’s father Achille Deyrolle ran the business for many years. It is now at 46, rue du Bac, Paris * Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode trader of bird skins in the Dutch East Indies. * Henri Donckier de Donceel Paris insect dealer * (1879-) Newport, Wales. * Entomologisch Institut Hamburg (E. M. Schulz) Hamburg 22, Hamburgerstrasse 45. * Josef Erber(c. 1830 – c. 1918) Mineral and natural history dealer in Vienna St. Ullrich, Siebensterngasse No. 29. * Anton Hermann Fassl Naturhistorisches-Institut, 948 Zeidlerstrasse, Teplitz, Bohemia, Germany (now the Czech Republic) * Adolarius Jacob Forster (1739-1806).Leading mineral dealer of the 18th century with premises in London, Paris and St. Petersburg. * Berlin - Steglitz mineral and petrographic specimens an instruments Heinrich Ludwig Rudolf Fuess (1838–1917)de:Rudolf Fuess. * (1809–1880) Natural history dealer in Amsterdam who had worldwide trade connections. * Václav Frič (1839–1916) Prague * Hans Fruhstorfer * (1884–1968) English butterfly dealer who also worked for the British Museum. * Karl Ludwig Giesecke Mineral dealer in Copenhagen. * Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy The Godeffroy Museum and dealership. * Richard Haensch Berlin * Johann Wilhelm Adolf Hansemann (1784–1862) German insect dealer * Thomas Hawkins * Henry Heuland (1778-1856) London Mineral collector and dealer * Alexander Heyne Berlin * George Humphrey London dealer in shells and ‘curiosities’ in the 18th century. * Charles Jamrach * Charles Georges Javet * Edward Wesley Janson London * Jan Kalinowski Peru * , München, Augustenstrasse 41 Insect dealer * Kny-Scheerer Company, 404 West Twenty- seventh street, New York. Agency for German dealers - specimens, equipment. Active 1900- 1930s? * (1839–1907) Fossil and mineral dealer * Adam August Krantz (1809–1872); Natural history dealer in Berlin after 1850 in Bonn. * Albion, New York * Benjamin Leadbeater (1760–1837) Dealer in ornithological specimens. * Charles Johnson Maynard (1845-1929) Natural history dealer in Boston and Newton, Massachusetts. * Friedrich Christian Meuschen * Heinrich Benno Möschler * Eugène Le Moult * Ida Laura Pfeiffer * Maison Azoux * Established by the mid-19th century at 9 Rue de l' Ecole de Medicine in Paris. Later "Maison Tramond - N. Rouppert successeur".Models of human and comparative anatomy and osteological preparations. * Albert Stewart Meek * Berlin (between 1900 and 1910) Insect dealer * Heinrich Michael Neustetter Insect dealer, Vienna * Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt * Gustav Paganetti-Hummler as Zoologische Institut für Balkanforschung des Gust. Paganetti-Hummler * (1796–1879) Parreys lived in Vienna, where he was dealer in natural history objects. Trading as Ludwig and Joseph Mann, he supplied zoological specimens to many leading taxonomists whose collections are now conserved by natural history museums. * Andrew Pritchard London * Max Quedenfeldt Berlin insect dealer. * Orazio Querci (and family). Butterfly dealer in Florence, Italy - collected extensively in Spain and Portugal also Cuba. Supplied butterflies to Roger Verity and European butterflies to R.C. Williams, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. * Lovell Augustus Reeve * Edmund Reitter "Natural History Institute" 1879 -1880 Vienna, 1881-1891 Mödling, after 1891 Paskau and Munich (extant). * Carl Ribbe * Heinrich Ribbe (1832–1898) Entomologist and dealer in Berlin * Hermann Rolle Berlin * William Frederick Henry Rosenberg (1868–1957) 57 Haverstock Hill, London fl. 1920s. Claimed to hold 5,000 bird species as scientific skins (and to be the largest bird skin dealership in the world). Supplier to museums and private collectors. Traveller. * Emil Adolf Rossmässler Natural History dealer * Karl Rost * Fritz Rühl * Auguste Sallé * L.W. Schaufuß else E. Klocke, Dresden * Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede * Wilhelm Schlüter * (1867–1958) Basel * Gustav Schrader * Wilhelm Schlüter * Providence, Rhode Island * Otto Staudinger * Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Marine specimens. * "Dr. Steeg & Reuter" after 1879. Crystallographic microscope slides. * (fl. 1890s-1920?) Paris mineral dealer. Owner of Comptoir Géologique et Minéralogique, 40, rue de Mathurins and at 4, rue de Castellane. * Covent Gardens auctioneer. * (1552–1612) Dutch merchant and natural history dealer. * Rudolf Tancré (1842–1934) Anklam, Pomerania Dealer in Lepidoptera mainly of Central Asia and Siberia. * - Hamburg pharmacist and beetle collector. Also sold beetles to other natural history collectors. * (1833–1889) Proprietor of prominent Hamburg-based natural history and ethnographic dealership and associated museum. * Unio Itineraria a German Scientific Society based in Esslingen am Neckar sold specimens as a dealership. * Van Ingen & Van Ingen * Jules Verreaux Owner of Maison Verreaux, established in 1803 by his father, Jacques Philippe Verreaux, at Place des Vosges in Paris, which was the earliest known company that dealt with objects of natural history. * Cape Town * Göttingen * Józef Warszewicz Guatemala 1844-1850 * Henry Augustus Ward Founder of Ward's Natural History Establishment in Rochester, New York. * Rowland Ward London * White Watson * William Watkins Began trading in 1874 in Eastbourne. In 1879 the address was 36 The Strand, London. In 1907 the dealership became Watkins & Doncaster (1907). In 1937 ownership passed to Frederick Metté an expert on bird eggs. * Frank Blake Webster's Naturalists Supply Depot 409 Washington Street, Hyde Park, Massachusetts * Walter Freeman Webb (1869–1957) Shell dealer St. Petersburg, Florida * Henry Whitely * father (1814-1875) or son (1850-1895), both with same name and both dealers at 90 Great Russell Street, London. They dealt in minerals and fossils, ethnographic and archaeological objects. * Prague 1890-? Lepidoptera. * Emil Weiske Saalfeld Insect and bird collector and dealer. * (1878–1943) mineralogist and dealer in natural history specimens for schools based in Chemnitz, Saxony. Author of Die Mineralien. Eine Anleitung zum Sammeln und Bestimmen derselben nebst einer Beschreibung der wichtigsten Arten (en)
