| dbo:abstract |
هذه هي قائمة حكام هسن (بالألمانية: 'Hessen') عبر تاريخ ولاية هسن في وسط غرب ألمانيا. ينتمي هؤلاء الحكام إلى سلالة تعرف باسم ، في الأصل . حكموا هسن الانتخابية واللاندغريفية ولاحقاً الدوقية الكبرى حتى عام 1918. كان لقب كل الحكام التاليين «لاندغريف» (بالألمانية: Landgraf) ما لم يذكر خلاف ذلك. (ar) Stammliste des Hauses Hessen mit den in der Wikipedia vertretenen Personen und wichtigen Zwischengliedern. (de) À la mort de Louis Ier, la Hesse est divisée entre ses deux fils, en et Haute-Hesse. (fr) This is a list of rulers of Hesse (German: Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant, originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a landgraviate, electorate and later as a grand duchy until 1918. The title of all of the following rulers was "landgrave" (German: Landgraf) unless otherwise noted. (en) Hieronder volgt een Lijst van heersers van Hessen. (nl) この項目ではドイツの中西部に存在するヘッセン地方の統治者の一覧を記す。ヘッセンの統治者達は伝統的に方伯（Landgraf）の称号を使用した。 ヘッセンはもともとテューリンゲン方伯領の西部を構成していたが、13世紀中葉にブラバント公アンリ2世と妃ゾフィーの息子ハインリヒ1世が独立した領邦という形で相続した。16世紀後半からヘッセン方伯領は複数の方伯領に分裂したが、最も重要な地位を占めたのはヘッセン＝カッセル方伯領とヘッセン＝ダルムシュタット方伯領であった。19世紀初頭、ヘッセン＝カッセルはヘッセン選帝侯領（Kurfürstentum Hessen）へ、ヘッセン＝ダルムシュタットはより上位のヘッセン大公国（後にヘッセン・ウント・バイ・ライン大公国に改称）へとそれぞれ昇格した。前者は1866年にプロイセン王国に併合され、後者は1918年にドイツの君主制廃止に伴って消滅した。 (ja) L'Assia era uno Stato storico della Germania. La presenza celtica nel territorio dell'Assia è testimoniata da una stele sepolcrale del V secolo a.C. ritrovata a Glauberg. La regione venne successivamente colonizzata dalla tribù germanica dei Catti attorno al I secolo a.C., ed il nome Assia pare sia proprio di derivazione dal nome tribale. Nel primo medioevo, la contea franca di Gau comprendeva l'area attorno a Fritzlar e Kassel. Nel IX sec. l'area passò alla casata di Franconia. Nel XII sec. l'area venne compresa nel territorio della Turingia. Nella (1247-1264), l'Assia ottenne l'indipendenza e divenne un Langraviato del Sacro Romano Impero. Raggiunse un'importanza notevole sotto il Langravio Filippo il Magnanimo, che fu uno dei più importanti leader del protestantesimo in Germania. Alla morte di Filippo, nel 1567, il territorio venne diviso tra i suoi quattro figli: Assia-Kassel, Assia-Darmstadt, Assia-Rheinfels ed il preesistente Assia-Marburgo. Se queste due ultime linee si estinsero poco dopo (1583 e 1605, rispettivamente), l'Assia-Kassel e l'Assia-Darmstadt furono i due stati principali dell'Assia. Molte altre linee collaterali divisero il territorio nel corso dei secoli, come nel 1622, quando l'Assia-Homburg si divise dall'Assia-Darmstadt. Alla fine del XVI secolo, Kassel abbracciò il calvinismo, mentre Darmstadt rimase luterana e le due linee caddero inevitabilmente in conflitto, soprattutto nella disputa per l'Assia-Marburgo e nella guerra dei trent'anni, quando Darmstadt si schierò con l'Imperatore, mentre Kassel con Svezia e Francia. L'Assia-Kassel venne elevata al rango di Elettorato nel 1803, ma il Sacro Romano Impero venne sciolto poco dopo, nel 1806. Il territorio venne annesso al Regno di Vestfalia nel 1806, ma restituito all'Elettore nel 1813. Sebbene molti altri elettori, all'atto della restaurazione, avessero ottenuto il titolo di Re, l'Assia mantenne il titolo anacronistico di Elettorato. Nel 1866 venne annesso dalla Prussia, assieme a Francoforte, all'Assia-Homburg e al Ducato di Nassau, formando la provincia d'Assia-Nassau. L'Assia-Darmstadt venne elevato al rango di Granducato nel 1806; durante la guerra del 1866, si schierò con l'Austria contro la Prussia, e per questo, pur mantenendo l'indipendenza, fu mutilato delle regioni a nord del fiume Meno. Nel 1871 la parte restante del Granducato entrò a far parte dell'Impero Tedesco. Sino al 1907, Il Granducato d'Assia usò solo lo stemma tipico dell'Assia, un leone striato di rosso e di bianco. La rivoluzione del 1918 trasformò l'Assia-Darmstadt da una monarchia ad una repubblica, che divenne ufficialmente lo "Stato popolare d'Assia". (it) Landgrafowie, książęta i wielcy książęta Hesji z dynastii heskiej. (pl) Esta é a lista de soberanos do Hesse (em alemão: Hessen) ao longo da história, nesta região localizada no centro-oeste da Alemanha. Estes soberanos pertenceram à dinastia conhecida como Casa de Hesse e Casa de Brabante, originalmente Casa de Reginar. O Hesse foi primeiro um Condado, depois Eleitorado e, por fim, um Grão-ducado até 1918. O título de todos os governantes seguintes foi o de conde de um território (em alemão: Landgraf). Para os restantes soberanos é indicado o respetivo título. (pt) 黑森家族可追溯至1264年，布拉班特公爵亨利二世（Henri II，1207年-1248年）与第二位妻子图林根公主索非亚（1224年-1275年）的长子“孩子”亨利（在亨利二世所有儿子中排行第二，所以不能继承布拉班特公国）在这一年被封为黑森伯爵。黑森的所有统治者都属于。 “孩子”亨利的曾祖父是下洛林公爵（Godevaard III），外祖父是图林根伯爵。他的祖先（Reginar I von Maasgau）作为皇帝洛泰尔一世的外孙被封为洛林公爵，随着卡洛林王朝的灭亡，洛林被当地的贵族们瓜分。的曾孙（Lambert I）成了（Comte de Louvain）。1106年，当时的鲁文伯爵从下洛林公爵交易到下洛林公国。由于当地贵族的武力反对，鲁文伯爵家族于1186年用洛林换来布拉班特，下洛林公爵成为，他的儿子亨利一世将布拉班特升为公国。作为布拉班特和图林根联姻的后代“孩子”亨利应拥有广大的土地，何况他母亲的叔叔曾与皇帝腓特烈二世争夺过王位。然而，亨利二世与索非亚的一个表弟，（维丁王朝的祖先）取得了萨克森和图林根的广阔领地，“孩子”亨利只得到黑森作为安慰。 (zh) |
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هذه هي قائمة حكام هسن (بالألمانية: 'Hessen') عبر تاريخ ولاية هسن في وسط غرب ألمانيا. ينتمي هؤلاء الحكام إلى سلالة تعرف باسم ، في الأصل . حكموا هسن الانتخابية واللاندغريفية ولاحقاً الدوقية الكبرى حتى عام 1918. كان لقب كل الحكام التاليين «لاندغريف» (بالألمانية: Landgraf) ما لم يذكر خلاف ذلك. (ar) Stammliste des Hauses Hessen mit den in der Wikipedia vertretenen Personen und wichtigen Zwischengliedern. (de) À la mort de Louis Ier, la Hesse est divisée entre ses deux fils, en et Haute-Hesse. (fr) This is a list of rulers of Hesse (German: Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant, originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a landgraviate, electorate and later as a grand duchy until 1918. The title of all of the following rulers was "landgrave" (German: Landgraf) unless otherwise noted. (en) Hieronder volgt een Lijst van heersers van Hessen. (nl) この項目ではドイツの中西部に存在するヘッセン地方の統治者の一覧を記す。ヘッセンの統治者達は伝統的に方伯（Landgraf）の称号を使用した。 ヘッセンはもともとテューリンゲン方伯領の西部を構成していたが、13世紀中葉にブラバント公アンリ2世と妃ゾフィーの息子ハインリヒ1世が独立した領邦という形で相続した。16世紀後半からヘッセン方伯領は複数の方伯領に分裂したが、最も重要な地位を占めたのはヘッセン＝カッセル方伯領とヘッセン＝ダルムシュタット方伯領であった。19世紀初頭、ヘッセン＝カッセルはヘッセン選帝侯領（Kurfürstentum Hessen）へ、ヘッセン＝ダルムシュタットはより上位のヘッセン大公国（後にヘッセン・ウント・バイ・ライン大公国に改称）へとそれぞれ昇格した。前者は1866年にプロイセン王国に併合され、後者は1918年にドイツの君主制廃止に伴って消滅した。 (ja) Landgrafowie, książęta i wielcy książęta Hesji z dynastii heskiej. (pl) Esta é a lista de soberanos do Hesse (em alemão: Hessen) ao longo da história, nesta região localizada no centro-oeste da Alemanha. Estes soberanos pertenceram à dinastia conhecida como Casa de Hesse e Casa de Brabante, originalmente Casa de Reginar. O Hesse foi primeiro um Condado, depois Eleitorado e, por fim, um Grão-ducado até 1918. O título de todos os governantes seguintes foi o de conde de um território (em alemão: Landgraf). Para os restantes soberanos é indicado o respetivo título. (pt) 黑森家族可追溯至1264年，布拉班特公爵亨利二世（Henri II，1207年-1248年）与第二位妻子图林根公主索非亚（1224年-1275年）的长子“孩子”亨利（在亨利二世所有儿子中排行第二，所以不能继承布拉班特公国）在这一年被封为黑森伯爵。黑森的所有统治者都属于。 “孩子”亨利的曾祖父是下洛林公爵（Godevaard III），外祖父是图林根伯爵。他的祖先（Reginar I von Maasgau）作为皇帝洛泰尔一世的外孙被封为洛林公爵，随着卡洛林王朝的灭亡，洛林被当地的贵族们瓜分。的曾孙（Lambert I）成了（Comte de Louvain）。1106年，当时的鲁文伯爵从下洛林公爵交易到下洛林公国。由于当地贵族的武力反对，鲁文伯爵家族于1186年用洛林换来布拉班特，下洛林公爵成为，他的儿子亨利一世将布拉班特升为公国。作为布拉班特和图林根联姻的后代“孩子”亨利应拥有广大的土地，何况他母亲的叔叔曾与皇帝腓特烈二世争夺过王位。然而，亨利二世与索非亚的一个表弟，（维丁王朝的祖先）取得了萨克森和图林根的广阔领地，“孩子”亨利只得到黑森作为安慰。 (zh) L'Assia era uno Stato storico della Germania. La presenza celtica nel territorio dell'Assia è testimoniata da una stele sepolcrale del V secolo a.C. ritrovata a Glauberg. La regione venne successivamente colonizzata dalla tribù germanica dei Catti attorno al I secolo a.C., ed il nome Assia pare sia proprio di derivazione dal nome tribale. Nel primo medioevo, la contea franca di Gau comprendeva l'area attorno a Fritzlar e Kassel. Nel IX sec. l'area passò alla casata di Franconia. Nel XII sec. l'area venne compresa nel territorio della Turingia. (it) |
| rdfs:label |
قائمة حكام هسن (ar) Stammliste des Hauses Hessen (de) Sovrani d'Assia (it) Liste des souverains de Hesse (fr) ヘッセンの統治者一覧 (ja) List of rulers of Hesse (en) Lijst van heersers van Hessen (nl) Lista de governantes de Hesse (pt) Władcy Hesji (pl) 黑森统治者列表 (zh) |
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dbr:List_of_Hessian_consorts |
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