May 1998 riots of Indonesia (original) (raw)
Kerusuhan Mei 1998 adalah kerusuhan rasial terhadap etnis Tionghoa yang terjadi di Indonesia pada 13 Mei–15 Mei 1998, khususnya di Ibu Kota Jakarta namun juga terjadi di beberapa daerah lain. Kerusuhan ini diawali oleh krisis finansial Asia dan dipicu oleh tragedi Trisakti di mana empat mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti ditembak dan terbunuh dalam demonstrasi 12 Mei 1998. Hal inipun mengakibatkan penurunan jabatan Presiden Soeharto, serta pelantikan B. J. Habibie.
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| dbo:abstract | كانت أعمال الشغب الإندونيسية في مايو 1998، والمعروفة أيضًا بمأساة 1998 أو ببساطة حادثة 1998، أحداث عنف جماعي ومظاهرات واضطرابات مدنية ذات طبيعة إثنية اندلعت في جميع أنحاء إندونيسيا وخاصة في مدينة ميدان عاصمة مقاطعة سومطرة الشمالية (4 – 8 مايو) والعاصمة جاكرتا (12 – 15 مايو) ومدينة سوراكارتا (تدعى أيضًا سولو) في مقاطعة جاوة الوسطى (13 – 15 مايو). اندلعت أعمال الشغب بسبب المشاكل الاقتصادية، ولا سيما نقص الغذاء والبطالة المتفشية. أدت هذه الأحداث في النهاية إلى استقالة الرئيس سوهارتو وسقوط النظام الجديد للحكومة. كان الإندونيسيون من أصل صيني الأهداف الرئيسية لأعمال العنف، لكن معظم الإصابات نجمت عن حريق هائل وكانت بين مثيري الشغب. تشير التقديرات إلى مقتل أكثر من ألف شخص في أعمال الشغب. أُبلغ عن 168 حالة اعتداء على الأقل، وقدرت قيمة الأضرار المادية بأكثر من 3.1 ترليون روبية (260 مليون دولار أمريكي تقريبًا). لحد عام 2010، لم تكن الإجراءات القانونية المتعلقة بأعمال الشغب قد اكتملت بعد. (ar) Ĝakartaj tumultoj en majo de 1998 estis tumultoj, kiuj okazis en Indonezio (Ĝakarto, Surakarta kaj aliaj partoj de ŝtato) en majo de 1998. Kaŭzo de tumultoj estis kreskataj prezoj de nutraĵo kaj granda senlaboreco dum regado de Suharto. La tumultoj komencis, kiam 4 studentoj de estis pafmortigitaj 12-an de majo 1998 dum la manifestacio kontraŭ prezidento Suharto. La tumultoj disvastiĝis 14-an de majo kaj rapide ŝanĝiĝis en pogromojn kontraŭ etnaj ĉinoj. Proprumaĵoj de ĉinoj (ĉefe butikoj) estis rabitaj kaj bruligitaj. Multaj virinoj kaj knabinoj de ĉina deveno estis seksatencitaj. Pli ol 1000 homoj estis mortigitaj. Multaj ĉinoj foriris Indonezion kaj iris al Singapuro aŭ Aŭstralio. (eo) The May 1998 riots of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kerusuhan Mei 1998), also known as the 1998 tragedy (Tragedi 1998) or simply the 1998 event (Peristiwa 1998), were incidents of mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest that occurred throughout Indonesia, mainly in Medan in the province of North Sumatra (4–8 May), the capital city of Jakarta (12–15 May), and Surakarta (also called Solo) in the province of Central Java (13–15 May). The violent riots were triggered by corruption, economic problems, including food shortages and mass unemployment. It eventually led to the resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order government, which had been in power for 32 years. The main targets of the violence were ethnic Chinese Indonesians, but most of the casualties were caused by a massive fire and occurred among looters. It was estimated that more than a thousand people died in the riots. At least 168 cases of rape were reported, and material damage was valued at more than Rp3.1 trillion (US$260 million). As of 2010, legal proceedings regarding the riots were stalled and not completed. (en) Les 13 et 14 mai 1998, des émeutes se sont produites à Jakarta, capitale de l'Indonésie. D'autres émeutes eurent lieu à Surakarta (Java central) les 14 et 15 mai. De nombreux magasins appartenant à des Indonésiens d'origine chinoise ont été attaqués et pillés. Lors de ces émeutes, plus de 1 200 personnes ont trouvé la mort. La plupart étaient des personnes piégées dans l'incendie du centre commercial « Mega Mall » de la ville nouvelle de Lippo Karawaci à l'ouest de Jakarta. Parmi elles, il y avait un grand nombre de pillards, venus profiter du désordre suscité par les attaques de magasins. Ces émeutes amèneront à la démission, le 21 mai 1998, du président Soeharto, parvenu au pouvoir en 1966 dans la foulée de massacres qui avaient fait entre 500 000 et 1 million de morts, et régulièrement réélu depuis par un Parlement taillé sur mesure. Plusieurs témoignages, recueillis en particulier par une équipe de la chaine de télévision française France 2 s'accordent sur la façon dont se sont déroulées ces attaques et pillages. Le scénario était identique : un camion s'arrête devant une vitrine. En descendent de dix à vingt hommes habillés de façon identique, la coupe rase, en ordre discipliné. Ils commencent à s'attaquer à la vitrine. Un attroupement se forme. Le groupe brise la vitrine et commence à en extraire des marchandises, tout en invitant la foule à faire de même. Celle-ci finit par céder et s'adonne au pillage. Le groupe remonte dans le camion et disparaît. Des témoignages sur les violences ont notamment pu être recueillis par les membres d'une équipe d'enquêteurs formée et dirigée par le père jésuite Sandyawan Sumardi, qui a comptabilisé 182 cas de viols collectifs perpétrés par des militaires en civil dans le cadre d'une campagne destinée à terroriser les Indonésiens d'origine chinoise. L'armée et le gouvernement ont tenté de le discréditer et l'intimider sans succès. Les autorités furent finalement contraintes de promettre une enquête officielle. À l'issue de cette enquête, le gouvernement déclarait néanmoins ne pas détenir de preuves de ces viols. Le père Sandyawan eut beaucoup de mal à convaincre l'opinion de ces exactions. Les preuves étaient difficiles à recueillir car les victimes des viols ne parlaient que sous condition d'anonymat. Sa tâche ne fut pas facilitée par des photos truquées montrant des femmes chinoises torturées qui circulaient sur Internet, ce qui avait suscité le scepticisme de certaines personnalités indonésiennes d'origine chinoise envers les déclarations des victimes. (fr) Kerusuhan Mei 1998 adalah kerusuhan rasial terhadap etnis Tionghoa yang terjadi di Indonesia pada 13 Mei–15 Mei 1998, khususnya di Ibu Kota Jakarta namun juga terjadi di beberapa daerah lain. Kerusuhan ini diawali oleh krisis finansial Asia dan dipicu oleh tragedi Trisakti di mana empat mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti ditembak dan terbunuh dalam demonstrasi 12 Mei 1998. Hal inipun mengakibatkan penurunan jabatan Presiden Soeharto, serta pelantikan B. J. Habibie. (in) 1998년 5월 인도네시아 인종 폭동(인도네시아어: Kerusuhan Mei 1998, 영어: May 1998 Riots of Indonesia)은 1998년 5월 4일부터 5월 15일까지 인도네시아 자카르타, 메단과 수라카르타에서 화교에 대한 인종차별에 격분한 아시아 금융 위기에 의해 발생한 유혈 폭동 사태였다. (ko) Os distúrbios de maio de 1998 na Indonésia (em indonésio: Kerusuhan Mei 1998), também conhecida como a tragédia de 1998 ( Tragedi 1998 ) ou simplesmente o evento de 1998 ( Peristiwa 1998 ), foram incidentes de violência em massa, manifestações e distúrbios civis de natureza racial que ocorreram em toda a Indonésia, principalmente em Medan, no província de Sumatra do Norte (4 a 8 de maio), a capital Jacarta (12 a 15 de maio) e Surakarta (também chamada de Solo) na província de Java Central (13 a 15 de maio). Isso acabou levando à renúncia do presidente Suharto e à queda do governo da Nova Ordem. (pt) Zamieszki w Indonezji – protesty i zamieszki uliczne w Indonezji z maja 1998 roku skierowane przeciwko korupcji i autorytarnej władzy. (pl) 1998年印尼排华事件（印尼語：Kerusuhan Mei 1998），又称黑色五月暴动，是指從1998年5月13日至16日发生在印尼棉蘭、雅加達、梭羅等城市的一系列針對華裔等少數社群持續約三天之暴動。 (zh) |
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| dbp:caption | 0001-05-14 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:causes | * Discontent over the New Order government * Alleged vote-rigging in the 1997 legislative election * Economic collapse as a result of the Asian financial crisis * Authoritarianism (en) |
| dbp:colwidth | 20 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:commander | Suharto (en) [[]] (en) Wiranto (en) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (en) B. J. Habibie (en) Dibyo Widodo (en) Dading Kalbuadi (en) Feisal Tanjung (en) Prabowo Subianto (en) Kivlan Zen (en) Sutiyoso (en) Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-05-15 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:float | right (en) |
| dbp:methods | * Rioting * Civil unrest * Looting * Arson (en) |
| dbp:partof | the fall of Suharto, 1997 Asian financial crisis, and Anti-Chinese sentiment in Indonesia (en) |
| dbp:place | Major riots occurred in Medan, Jakarta, and Surakarta with a number of isolated incidents elsewhere (en) |
| dbp:places | 0001-05-08 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:quote | Although the Special Rapporteur was repeatedly told that the Chinese were rich and wealthy, many of the victims she met who had been raped during the May riots appeared to be from lower-middle-class backgrounds. Some were single women living alone, striving to make ends meet. It appeared that the victims were in fact poor. (en) Previously, Chinese communities were more concerned with commercial and economic matters. The ethnic Chinese in Indonesia had been pummeled by rioting the past decades—but they had always absorbed the punishment meekly to preserve their commercial interests. This time around, a landmark shift occurred with modern communications technology becoming the unifying force. (en) |
| dbp:result | * Resignation of President Suharto and the creation of a new Development Reform Cabinet under B. J. Habibie * Independence of Timor-Leste * Beginning of the Reformation era (en) |
| dbp:side | Government of Indonesia *Indonesian National Armed Forces *Indonesian National Police *Indonesian State Intelligence Agency * Local vigilantes (en) Chinese civilians including some anti-Megawati and anti-Suharto supporters (en) Indonesian civilians consisting of Megawati Sukarnoputri supporters and anti-government protesters (en) |
| dbp:source | —Radhika Coomaraswamy, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women (en) —Felix Soh, The Straits Times (en) |
| dbp:title | May 1998 riots of Indonesia (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Kerusuhan Mei 1998 adalah kerusuhan rasial terhadap etnis Tionghoa yang terjadi di Indonesia pada 13 Mei–15 Mei 1998, khususnya di Ibu Kota Jakarta namun juga terjadi di beberapa daerah lain. Kerusuhan ini diawali oleh krisis finansial Asia dan dipicu oleh tragedi Trisakti di mana empat mahasiswa Universitas Trisakti ditembak dan terbunuh dalam demonstrasi 12 Mei 1998. Hal inipun mengakibatkan penurunan jabatan Presiden Soeharto, serta pelantikan B. J. Habibie. (in) 1998년 5월 인도네시아 인종 폭동(인도네시아어: Kerusuhan Mei 1998, 영어: May 1998 Riots of Indonesia)은 1998년 5월 4일부터 5월 15일까지 인도네시아 자카르타, 메단과 수라카르타에서 화교에 대한 인종차별에 격분한 아시아 금융 위기에 의해 발생한 유혈 폭동 사태였다. (ko) Os distúrbios de maio de 1998 na Indonésia (em indonésio: Kerusuhan Mei 1998), também conhecida como a tragédia de 1998 ( Tragedi 1998 ) ou simplesmente o evento de 1998 ( Peristiwa 1998 ), foram incidentes de violência em massa, manifestações e distúrbios civis de natureza racial que ocorreram em toda a Indonésia, principalmente em Medan, no província de Sumatra do Norte (4 a 8 de maio), a capital Jacarta (12 a 15 de maio) e Surakarta (também chamada de Solo) na província de Java Central (13 a 15 de maio). Isso acabou levando à renúncia do presidente Suharto e à queda do governo da Nova Ordem. (pt) Zamieszki w Indonezji – protesty i zamieszki uliczne w Indonezji z maja 1998 roku skierowane przeciwko korupcji i autorytarnej władzy. (pl) 1998年印尼排华事件（印尼語：Kerusuhan Mei 1998），又称黑色五月暴动，是指從1998年5月13日至16日发生在印尼棉蘭、雅加達、梭羅等城市的一系列針對華裔等少數社群持續約三天之暴動。 (zh) كانت أعمال الشغب الإندونيسية في مايو 1998، والمعروفة أيضًا بمأساة 1998 أو ببساطة حادثة 1998، أحداث عنف جماعي ومظاهرات واضطرابات مدنية ذات طبيعة إثنية اندلعت في جميع أنحاء إندونيسيا وخاصة في مدينة ميدان عاصمة مقاطعة سومطرة الشمالية (4 – 8 مايو) والعاصمة جاكرتا (12 – 15 مايو) ومدينة سوراكارتا (تدعى أيضًا سولو) في مقاطعة جاوة الوسطى (13 – 15 مايو). اندلعت أعمال الشغب بسبب المشاكل الاقتصادية، ولا سيما نقص الغذاء والبطالة المتفشية. أدت هذه الأحداث في النهاية إلى استقالة الرئيس سوهارتو وسقوط النظام الجديد للحكومة. كان الإندونيسيون من أصل صيني الأهداف الرئيسية لأعمال العنف، لكن معظم الإصابات نجمت عن حريق هائل وكانت بين مثيري الشغب. (ar) Ĝakartaj tumultoj en majo de 1998 estis tumultoj, kiuj okazis en Indonezio (Ĝakarto, Surakarta kaj aliaj partoj de ŝtato) en majo de 1998. Kaŭzo de tumultoj estis kreskataj prezoj de nutraĵo kaj granda senlaboreco dum regado de Suharto. La tumultoj komencis, kiam 4 studentoj de estis pafmortigitaj 12-an de majo 1998 dum la manifestacio kontraŭ prezidento Suharto. (eo) The May 1998 riots of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kerusuhan Mei 1998), also known as the 1998 tragedy (Tragedi 1998) or simply the 1998 event (Peristiwa 1998), were incidents of mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest that occurred throughout Indonesia, mainly in Medan in the province of North Sumatra (4–8 May), the capital city of Jakarta (12–15 May), and Surakarta (also called Solo) in the province of Central Java (13–15 May). The violent riots were triggered by corruption, economic problems, including food shortages and mass unemployment. It eventually led to the resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order government, which had been in power for 32 years. The main targets of the violence were ethnic Chinese Indonesians, but most of the casualties were caused by a m (en) Les 13 et 14 mai 1998, des émeutes se sont produites à Jakarta, capitale de l'Indonésie. D'autres émeutes eurent lieu à Surakarta (Java central) les 14 et 15 mai. De nombreux magasins appartenant à des Indonésiens d'origine chinoise ont été attaqués et pillés. Lors de ces émeutes, plus de 1 200 personnes ont trouvé la mort. La plupart étaient des personnes piégées dans l'incendie du centre commercial « Mega Mall » de la ville nouvelle de Lippo Karawaci à l'ouest de Jakarta. Parmi elles, il y avait un grand nombre de pillards, venus profiter du désordre suscité par les attaques de magasins. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | أعمال الشغب الإندونيسية مايو 1998 (ar) Ĝakartaj tumultoj en majo de 1998 (eo) Kerusuhan Mei 1998 (in) Émeutes de Jakarta de mai 1998 (fr) May 1998 riots of Indonesia (en) 1998년 5월 인도네시아 인종 폭동 (ko) Zamieszki w Indonezji (1998) (pl) Tumultos na Indonésia em maio de 1998 (pt) 黑色五月暴动 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Trisakti_shootings dbr:Discrimination_against_Chinese_Indonesians |
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