John Francis Hylan (original) (raw)

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John Francis Hylan (* 20. April 1868 in Hunter, Greene County, New York; † 12. Januar 1936 in Forest Hills, New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei. Von 1918 bis 1925 war er für zwei Amtszeiten der 96. . Sein Spitzname war Red Mike.

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dbo:abstract John Francis Hylan (* 20. April 1868 in Hunter, Greene County, New York; † 12. Januar 1936 in Forest Hills, New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei. Von 1918 bis 1925 war er für zwei Amtszeiten der 96. . Sein Spitzname war Red Mike. (de) John Francis Hylan (April 20, 1868 – January 12, 1936) was the 96th Mayor of New York City (the seventh since the consolidation of the five boroughs), from 1918 to 1925. From rural beginnings in the Catskills, Hylan eventually obtained work in Brooklyn as a laborer on the elevated railroad. During his nine years with the company, he worked his way to engineer, and also studied to earn his high school diploma then his law degree. He practiced law for nine years and also participated in local Democratic politics. In 1917 with the consent of Tammany and William Randolph Hearst, he was put forward as a Brooklyn Democratic candidate for Mayor and won the first of two terms. He was re-elected with a wide plurality, which swept many Brooklyn Democrats into office. His chief focus in office was to keep subway fares from rising. By the end of his second term, however, a report by a committee appointed by Governor Al Smith severely criticized his administration's handling of the subway system. Tammany ran Jimmy Walker against him for the Democratic nomination and Hylan lost. Walker appointed him to the Children's Court where he sat for many years. After his term as mayor, Hylan spent much time attacking the "interests," arguing that industrial concentration gave great power to individuals to influence politics and impoverish the working poor. (en) John Francis Hylan (né le 20 avril 1868 – mort le 12 janvier 1936), surnommé Red Mike, était un homme politique démocrate américain qui fut maire de New York de 1918 à 1925. Alors qu'il était juge au tribunal du Kings County, il bénéficia du soutien du Tammany Hall dans la course à la mairie, notamment grâce au magnat de la presse William Randolph Hearst, avec qui il possédait des intérêts communs dans le contrôle des services publics municipaux. Il remporta ainsi les élections de 1917 face au maire républicain sortant, John Purroy Mitchel ce qui permit le retour du Tammany Hall au City Hall. Il fut élu pour un deuxième mandat en 1921, mais s'inclina face au sénateur Jimmy Walker en 1925. Son mandat fut notamment marqué par un projet de création d'un réseau métropolitain indépendant et géré par la ville de New York alors que le métro était géré par deux entités privées et concurrentes, l'Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) et la Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT). C'est dans ce contexte que l'Independent Subway System (IND) fut inauguré en 1932, huit ans avant la consolidation des trois réseaux dans ce qui constitue l'actuel métro de New York. (fr) John Francis Hylan (Hunter, 20 aprile 1868 – Forest Hills, 12 gennaio 1936) è stato un politico statunitense, 96° sindaco di New York. (it) John Francis Hylan (Hunter, 20 april 1868 – Forest Hills, 12 januari 1936) was een politicus voor de Democratische Partij en de 96e burgemeester van New York en de zevende sinds de fusie van de vijf boroughs, en dit van 1918 tot 1925. Hylan was geboren in een landelijke omgeving in het Catskillgebergte en kwam naar New York om er in Brooklyn als arbeider te werken voor de Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad, een voorloper van de BMT, aan de constructie van de viaducten waarop de verhoogde metrolijnen werden aangelegd. Al werkend als arbeider werkte hij zichzelf op en werd eerst een technisch ingenieur om ten slotte af te studeren in de rechten. Vervolgens was hij negen jaar actief als advocaat en gelijktijdig actief binnen de lokale afdeling van de Democratische Partij waar hij de steun verwierf van Tammany Hall en William Randolph Hearst. Zo kon hij in 1917 als kandidaat in Brooklyn naar voor geschoven worden voor de burgemeestersverkiezingen van 1918, die hij ook won. Hij werd ook met veel steun door het brede publiek, inclusief de Afro-Amerikaanse gemeenschap, herverkozen voor een tweede termijn. Zijn volkse bijnaam was Red Mike, verwijzend naar zijn belangenbehartiging van de gewone man tegen de belangen van het grote kapitaal. Hij stond niet bekend als een bijzonder erudiet man, en werd verweten zijn populariteit bijna uitsluitend te halen op het hardnekkig verdedigen van de prijs van het metroticket op vijf cent bij verkiezingsmeetings. Hylan bewaakte dat de prijzen van de metro van New York niet een te hoge vlucht namen, onder meer door het opstarten van het Independent Subway System, een stadsbedrijf dat naast de twee private vervoerders lijnen opstartte en uitbaatte, maar werd uiteindelijk bij een audit door de gouverneur van New York Al Smith op de kwaliteit van de administratie van de Subway afgerekend wat afbreuk deed aan zijn populariteit. Bij de volgende verkiezingen werd door Tammany Hall een tegenkandidaat naar voor geschoven, Jimmy Walker, waarvan hij de Democratische voorverkiezing verloor. Hij vervolgde zijn carrière als kinderrechter voor de rechtbank in Queens, in deze functie aangesteld door zijn opvolger, Jimmy Walker. Toen journalist Alva Johnston Walker vroeg waarom hij een rivaal die hij niet hoog waardeerde, benoemd had voor een positie als rechter, monkelde Walker, "de kinderen kunnen nu berecht worden door hun gelijke." (nl)
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rdfs:comment John Francis Hylan (* 20. April 1868 in Hunter, Greene County, New York; † 12. Januar 1936 in Forest Hills, New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei. Von 1918 bis 1925 war er für zwei Amtszeiten der 96. . Sein Spitzname war Red Mike. (de) John Francis Hylan (Hunter, 20 aprile 1868 – Forest Hills, 12 gennaio 1936) è stato un politico statunitense, 96° sindaco di New York. (it) John Francis Hylan (April 20, 1868 – January 12, 1936) was the 96th Mayor of New York City (the seventh since the consolidation of the five boroughs), from 1918 to 1925. From rural beginnings in the Catskills, Hylan eventually obtained work in Brooklyn as a laborer on the elevated railroad. During his nine years with the company, he worked his way to engineer, and also studied to earn his high school diploma then his law degree. He practiced law for nine years and also participated in local Democratic politics. (en) John Francis Hylan (né le 20 avril 1868 – mort le 12 janvier 1936), surnommé Red Mike, était un homme politique démocrate américain qui fut maire de New York de 1918 à 1925. Alors qu'il était juge au tribunal du Kings County, il bénéficia du soutien du Tammany Hall dans la course à la mairie, notamment grâce au magnat de la presse William Randolph Hearst, avec qui il possédait des intérêts communs dans le contrôle des services publics municipaux. Il remporta ainsi les élections de 1917 face au maire républicain sortant, John Purroy Mitchel ce qui permit le retour du Tammany Hall au City Hall. Il fut élu pour un deuxième mandat en 1921, mais s'inclina face au sénateur Jimmy Walker en 1925. (fr) John Francis Hylan (Hunter, 20 april 1868 – Forest Hills, 12 januari 1936) was een politicus voor de Democratische Partij en de 96e burgemeester van New York en de zevende sinds de fusie van de vijf boroughs, en dit van 1918 tot 1925. Hij vervolgde zijn carrière als kinderrechter voor de rechtbank in Queens, in deze functie aangesteld door zijn opvolger, Jimmy Walker. Toen journalist Alva Johnston Walker vroeg waarom hij een rivaal die hij niet hoog waardeerde, benoemd had voor een positie als rechter, monkelde Walker, "de kinderen kunnen nu berecht worden door hun gelijke." (nl)
rdfs:label John Francis Hylan (de) John Francis Hylan (en) John Francis Hylan (fr) John Francis Hylan (it) John Hylan (nl)
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