Midshipman (original) (raw)
Midŝipmano estas angla de la mararmeo. Kutime ĝi estas altranga inter la suboficiroj (serĝento), eĉ iufoje povas atingi malaltan oficiran rangon. Ĝia nomo (mez-ŝip-ulo) devenas de la lokado en la mezo de la ŝipoj, kie estas pli da komforto.
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| dbo:abstract | ضابط صف بحري midshipman هو ضابط من المبتدئين الأدنى رتبة، في البحرية الملكية وبحرية الولايات المتحدة، والعديد من أساطيل الكومنولث. تشمل دول الكومنولث التي تستخدم التصنيف كندا (Naval Cadet) وأستراليا وبنغلاديش و و و والهند و و و و. في القرن ال17، كان ضابط صف بحري يصنيف كبحار من ذوي الخبرة، واشتقت الكلمة من منطقة على متن السفينة (الكلمة الإنجليزية وتعني حرفيا بحار في وسط السفينة)، وسط السفينة، سواء حيث عملت تصنيف الأصلي في وسط السفينة، أو حيث انه عمل في مقدمة أو مؤخرة السفينة. ابتداءً من القرن الثامن عشر، تم تصنيف ضابط صف مكلف وبدأ تصنيف بحار في التراجع ببطء. بحلول عصر نابليون (1793–1815)، كان أحد أفراد السفينة المتوسطة ضابطًا متدربًا كان قد خدم سابقًا ثلاث سنوات على الأقل كمتطوع أو ضابطمتدرب أو بحار، وكان مكافئًا تقريبًا لرقيب حاليًا في الرتبة والمسؤوليات. بعد أن خدم ثلاث سنوات على متن سفينة متوسطة أصبح مؤهلاً لإجراء الفحص لرنبة نقيب. تم تدريب رجال السفن المتوسطة في بحرية الولايات المتحدة وعملوا على نحو مماثل لعمال البحرية في البحرية الملكية، على الرغم من نظرائهم في البحرية الملكية، كان رجل السفينة في رتبة ضابط صف حتى عام 1912. (ar) Midŝipmano estas angla de la mararmeo. Kutime ĝi estas altranga inter la suboficiroj (serĝento), eĉ iufoje povas atingi malaltan oficiran rangon. Ĝia nomo (mez-ŝip-ulo) devenas de la lokado en la mezo de la ŝipoj, kie estas pli da komforto. (eo) Midshipmen (englisch für Mittschiffsleute, Abkürzung im Englischen Middy) sind in der britischen Royal Navy Offiziere in Ausbildung und bei der US Navy Offizieranwärter als zukünftiger Marineoffizier. Sie tragen ihren Namen, weil sie in der Segelschiffszeit zwischen der Mannschaft vorschiffs und den Offizieren achtern, mittschiffs ihre Unterkunft hatten. Der Dienstgrad wird auch noch bei vielen Marinen des Commonwealth of Nations verwendet, die ihre Tradition auf die Royal Navy zurückführen. (de) A midshipman is an officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Canada (Naval Cadet), Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Kenya. In the 17th century, a midshipman was a rating for an experienced seaman, and the word derives from the area aboard a ship, amidships, either where he worked on the ship, or where he was berthed. Beginning in the 18th century, a commissioned officer candidate was rated as a midshipman, and the seaman rating began to slowly die out. By the Napoleonic era (1793–1815), a midshipman was an apprentice officer who had previously served at least three years as a volunteer, officer's servant or able seaman, and was roughly equivalent to a present-day petty officer in rank and responsibilities. After serving at least three years as a midshipman or master's mate, he was eligible to take the examination for lieutenant. Promotion to lieutenant was not automatic, and many midshipmen took positions as master's mates for an increase in pay and responsibility aboard ship. Midshipmen in the United States Navy were trained and served similarly to midshipmen in the Royal Navy, although unlike their counterparts in the Royal Navy, a midshipman was a warrant officer rank until 1912. During the 19th century, changes in the training of naval officers in both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy led to the replacement of apprenticeship aboard ships with formal schooling in a naval college. Midshipman began to mean an officer cadet at a naval college. Trainees now spent around four years in a college and two years at sea prior to promotion to commissioned officer rank. Between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries, time at sea declined to less than a year as the entry age was increased from 12 to 18. Ranks equivalent to midshipman exist in many other navies. Using US midshipman or pre-fleet board UK midshipman as the basis for comparison, the equivalent rank would be a naval cadet in training to become a junior commissioned officer. Using post-fleet board UK midshipman for comparison, the rank would be the most junior commissioned officer in the rank structure, and similar to a US ensign in role and responsibility. In many Romance languages, the literal translation of the local term for "midshipman" into English is "Navy Guard", including the French garde marine, Spanish guardia marina, Portuguese guarda-marinha, and Italian guardiamarina. Today, these ranks all refer to naval cadets, but historically they were selected by the monarchy, and were trained mostly on land as soldiers. (en) Perwira muda (midshipman) adalah seorang perwira berpangkat paling junior, dalam Angkatan Laut Britania Raya, Amerika Serikat dan beberapa negara Persemakmuran. Negara-negara Persemakmuran yang memakai pangkat tersebut meliputi Kanada, Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, Selandia Baru, Afrika Selatan, India, Pakistan, Singapura, Sri Lanka dan Kenya. (in) Un midshipman (mot anglais que l'on traduit en français par aspirant, cadet ou garde-marine pendant l'ancien régime) est un officier de marine en formation ou un officier du grade le plus bas, dans la Royal Navy, l'United States Navy et de nombreuses marines du Commonwealth. Au sein des pays du Commonwealth qui utilisent ce grade figurent l'Australie, le Bangladesh, la Namibie, la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Inde, le Pakistan, Singapour, Sri Lanka et le Kenya. Ce grade a également été utilisé, avant 1968, par la Marine royale du Canada, mais lors de la création des Forces canadiennes, le rang de midshipman a été remplacé par celui de Naval Cadet en anglais et d'aspirant de marine en français. Au XVIIe siècle, un midshipman est considéré comme un marin expérimenté. Le nom dérive de la position que son titulaire occupe à bord du bateau: amidships (en français : « au centre du navire »), soit parce qu'il y travaille, soit parce que sa banette s'y trouve. Dès le XVIIIe siècle, un aspirant officier est classé comme Midshipman. Pendant l'époque napoléonienne (1793-1815), un midshipman est un officier stagiaire qui a précédemment servi au moins trois ans, volontairement, comme ordonnance d'un officier ou comme able seaman (matelot breveté). Il est à peu près l'équivalent en grade et en responsabilité de l'actuel petty officer que l'on nomme maître en français. Après avoir servi au moins trois ans comme midshipman ou master's mate, il lui est permis de passer l'examen de lieutenant de marine. La promotion au grade de lieutenant n'est pas automatique, et de nombreux aspirants prennent la position de master's mate afin d'obtenir un meilleur salaire et plus de responsabilités à bord du navire. Les midshipmen de l'United States Navy sont formés et servent comme leurs homologues de la Royal Navy. Cependant contrairement aux Britanniques, ils ont le rang de warrant officer (l'équivalent de premier maître) jusqu'en 1912. Pendant le XIXe siècle, des changements dans la formation des officiers de marine au sein de la Royal Navy et de l'United States Navy conduisent au remplacement de l'apprentissage à bord des navires par un enseignement formel dispensé dans une école. Dès lors, midshipman, prend le sens d'élève-officier d'une académie navale. Les midshipmen doivent dès lors passer environ quatre ans dans une académie et deux ans en mer avant d'obtenir une promotion au grade d'officier. Entre le milieu du XIXe et du XXe siècle, la période de service à la mer est réduite à moins d'un an, l'âge d'entrée à l'académie ayant passé de 12 à 18 ans. (fr) Il Midshipman (parola inglese che viene tradotta come "mezzomarinaio") è un aspirante ufficiale di marina o il grado più basso tra gli ufficiali, nella Royal Navy, negli Stati Uniti e in molti marine del Commonwealth. Tra i paesi del Commonwealth che usano questo grado ci sono Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, Nuova Zelanda, Sudafrica, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka e Kenya. Il grado era presente prima del 1968 anche nella Royal Canadian Navy, ma dopo la creazione delle forze armate canadesi, il grado di midshipman fu sostituito da quello di cadetto navale in inglese e di Aspirante di Marina in francese. Nella maggior parte delle marine militari che adottano il grado di Midshipman, il grado è omologo all'aspirante guardiamarina della Marina Militare Italiana. (it) Een adelborst is een marineofficier in opleiding aan het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine (KIM). Een adelborst is op het KIM onderdeel van het Korps Adelborsten. Bij andere krijgsmachtonderdelen dan de marine heet zo iemand vaker een cadet. Het woord adelborst is een verbastering van het woord adelbursche, dat is edelknaap. De naam stamt nog uit de tijd dat enkel jongens uit families van adel toegelaten werden tot de officiersopleiding. Vanaf 1983 worden er aan het KIM ook vrouwelijke adelborsten toegelaten. De Engelse benaming van deze rang is Midshipman, de Duitse Seekadett en de Russische Mitsjman. In de 17e eeuw was in Nederland de rang adelborst niet beperkt tot de zeevaart. Zo huwt in 1623 te Vollenhove Jacob Manbach (destijds een adellijke familie) met de vermelding "adelborst onder hopman Stersing". (nl) Midszypmen (ang. midshipman, ros. мичман miczman, niem. Fahnenjunker) – najniższy stopień oficerski w niektórych marynarkach wojennych, odpowiednik podchorążego. Istniejący dotychczas w brytyjskiej Royal Navy, United States Navy i w wielu krajach dawnej Wspólnoty Brytyjskiej. Nazwa pochodzi od śródokręcia (amidship), gdzie w XVIII wieku znajdowały się pomieszczenia midszypmenów (oficerowie mieszkali na rufie, podoficerowie na dziobie okrętu). Od XIX wieku midszypmeni Royal Navy i US Navy mogli po 3-miesięcznej praktyce przystąpić do egzaminu na podporucznika. W dzisiejszych marynarkach wojennych midszypmenów zastępują kandydaci na oficerów (naval cadet lub naval apprentice). W Marynarce Wojennej Imperium Rosyjskiego na stopień miczmana początkowo awansowano z podoficerskiego stopnia zwanego (гардемарин) wraz z ukończeniem kilkuletnich studiów w Korpusie Morskim w Petersburgu. Po kompletnej klęsce floty rosyjskiej na Dalekim Wschodzie podczas wojny z Japonią (1904–1905), wprowadzono po ukończeniu studiów 3-miesięczną praktykę na okrętach, zakończoną dodatkowym egzaminem admiralskim na miczmana. We flocie ZSRR miczman stał się najwyższym stopniem podoficerskim. (pl) Sjökadett är en elev vid en skola för blivande sjöofficerare eller en officersaspirant ombord på fartyg. Inom svenskahandelsmarinen har denna grad inte förekommit sedan Svenska Ostindiska Companiets tid, men på större engelska handelsfartyg finnas fortfarande kadetter under namnet midshipmen. (sv) Um aspirante é um oficial do posto mais baixo, na Marinha Real Britânica, Marinha dos Estados Unidos e muitas marinhas da Commonwealth. Os países da Commonwealth que usam a classificação incluem Canadá (Naval Cadet), Austrália, Bangladesh, Namíbia, Nova Zelândia, África do Sul, Índia, Paquistão, Singapura, Sri Lanka e Quênia. (pt) |
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| dbp:caption | (en) Aspirante (en) Seekadett (en) Fähnrich zur See (en) Oberfähnrich zur See (en) Adelborst (en) Guarda-marinha (en) Korporaal adelborst (en) Sergeant adelborst (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Midŝipmano estas angla de la mararmeo. Kutime ĝi estas altranga inter la suboficiroj (serĝento), eĉ iufoje povas atingi malaltan oficiran rangon. Ĝia nomo (mez-ŝip-ulo) devenas de la lokado en la mezo de la ŝipoj, kie estas pli da komforto. (eo) Midshipmen (englisch für Mittschiffsleute, Abkürzung im Englischen Middy) sind in der britischen Royal Navy Offiziere in Ausbildung und bei der US Navy Offizieranwärter als zukünftiger Marineoffizier. Sie tragen ihren Namen, weil sie in der Segelschiffszeit zwischen der Mannschaft vorschiffs und den Offizieren achtern, mittschiffs ihre Unterkunft hatten. Der Dienstgrad wird auch noch bei vielen Marinen des Commonwealth of Nations verwendet, die ihre Tradition auf die Royal Navy zurückführen. (de) Perwira muda (midshipman) adalah seorang perwira berpangkat paling junior, dalam Angkatan Laut Britania Raya, Amerika Serikat dan beberapa negara Persemakmuran. Negara-negara Persemakmuran yang memakai pangkat tersebut meliputi Kanada, Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, Selandia Baru, Afrika Selatan, India, Pakistan, Singapura, Sri Lanka dan Kenya. (in) Il Midshipman (parola inglese che viene tradotta come "mezzomarinaio") è un aspirante ufficiale di marina o il grado più basso tra gli ufficiali, nella Royal Navy, negli Stati Uniti e in molti marine del Commonwealth. Tra i paesi del Commonwealth che usano questo grado ci sono Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, Nuova Zelanda, Sudafrica, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka e Kenya. Il grado era presente prima del 1968 anche nella Royal Canadian Navy, ma dopo la creazione delle forze armate canadesi, il grado di midshipman fu sostituito da quello di cadetto navale in inglese e di Aspirante di Marina in francese. Nella maggior parte delle marine militari che adottano il grado di Midshipman, il grado è omologo all'aspirante guardiamarina della Marina Militare Italiana. (it) Sjökadett är en elev vid en skola för blivande sjöofficerare eller en officersaspirant ombord på fartyg. Inom svenskahandelsmarinen har denna grad inte förekommit sedan Svenska Ostindiska Companiets tid, men på större engelska handelsfartyg finnas fortfarande kadetter under namnet midshipmen. (sv) Um aspirante é um oficial do posto mais baixo, na Marinha Real Britânica, Marinha dos Estados Unidos e muitas marinhas da Commonwealth. Os países da Commonwealth que usam a classificação incluem Canadá (Naval Cadet), Austrália, Bangladesh, Namíbia, Nova Zelândia, África do Sul, Índia, Paquistão, Singapura, Sri Lanka e Quênia. (pt) ضابط صف بحري midshipman هو ضابط من المبتدئين الأدنى رتبة، في البحرية الملكية وبحرية الولايات المتحدة، والعديد من أساطيل الكومنولث. تشمل دول الكومنولث التي تستخدم التصنيف كندا (Naval Cadet) وأستراليا وبنغلاديش و و و والهند و و و و. (ar) A midshipman is an officer of the lowest rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Canada (Naval Cadet), Australia, Bangladesh, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Kenya. (en) Un midshipman (mot anglais que l'on traduit en français par aspirant, cadet ou garde-marine pendant l'ancien régime) est un officier de marine en formation ou un officier du grade le plus bas, dans la Royal Navy, l'United States Navy et de nombreuses marines du Commonwealth. Au sein des pays du Commonwealth qui utilisent ce grade figurent l'Australie, le Bangladesh, la Namibie, la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Inde, le Pakistan, Singapour, Sri Lanka et le Kenya. Ce grade a également été utilisé, avant 1968, par la Marine royale du Canada, mais lors de la création des Forces canadiennes, le rang de midshipman a été remplacé par celui de Naval Cadet en anglais et d'aspirant de marine en français. (fr) Een adelborst is een marineofficier in opleiding aan het Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine (KIM). Een adelborst is op het KIM onderdeel van het Korps Adelborsten. Bij andere krijgsmachtonderdelen dan de marine heet zo iemand vaker een cadet. In de 17e eeuw was in Nederland de rang adelborst niet beperkt tot de zeevaart. Zo huwt in 1623 te Vollenhove Jacob Manbach (destijds een adellijke familie) met de vermelding "adelborst onder hopman Stersing". (nl) Midszypmen (ang. midshipman, ros. мичман miczman, niem. Fahnenjunker) – najniższy stopień oficerski w niektórych marynarkach wojennych, odpowiednik podchorążego. Istniejący dotychczas w brytyjskiej Royal Navy, United States Navy i w wielu krajach dawnej Wspólnoty Brytyjskiej. Nazwa pochodzi od śródokręcia (amidship), gdzie w XVIII wieku znajdowały się pomieszczenia midszypmenów (oficerowie mieszkali na rufie, podoficerowie na dziobie okrętu). Od XIX wieku midszypmeni Royal Navy i US Navy mogli po 3-miesięcznej praktyce przystąpić do egzaminu na podporucznika. W dzisiejszych marynarkach wojennych midszypmenów zastępują kandydaci na oficerów (naval cadet lub naval apprentice). (pl) |
| rdfs:label | ضابط صف بحري (ar) Midshipman (de) Midŝipmano (eo) Perwira muda (in) Midshipman (en) Midshipman (fr) Midshipman (it) Adelborst (nl) Midszypmen (pl) Aspirante (marinha) (pt) Sjökadett (sv) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Officer_cadet dbr:Comparative_military_ranks |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Midshipman?oldid=1113832281&ns=0 |
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