Mulberry harbour (original) (raw)
Οι λιμένες Μάλμπερι (αγγλ. Mulberry Harbours) ήταν δύο προκατασκευασμένοι προσωρινοί λιμένες που κατασκευάστηκαν από τους Βρετανούς σε δύο από τις παραλίες της απόβασης της Νορμανδίας το 1944. Κύριος σκοπός των λιμένων αυτών ήταν η από θαλάσσης υποστήριξη των αποβιβασμένων δυνάμεων με πολεμικό υλικό, καύσιμα και τρόφιμα.
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| dbo:abstract | Els ports Mulberry van ser un tipus de port artificial construït durant la Segona Guerra Mundial davant la necessitat de comptar amb ports on descarregar el material en la invasió del continent europeu per part dels aliats. Van ser creats a partir de la unió de diversos blocs de formigó preformats que, transportats a través del Canal de la Mànega a flotació, van ser enfonsats una vegada a la ubicació definitiva. De la forma ideada, constituïda per blocs units un a un, va sorgir el nom de port «mulberry» a causa de la seva similitud a una mata de mores. D'aquest tipus de ports, se'n van transportar 2 durant la invasió de Normandia, un dels quals, construït a la platja d'Omaha, va ser arrasat per una forta tempesta alguns dies després de la seva creació i l'altre, situat a Arromanches, va ser de gran utilitat. (ca) Οι λιμένες Μάλμπερι (αγγλ. Mulberry Harbours) ήταν δύο προκατασκευασμένοι προσωρινοί λιμένες που κατασκευάστηκαν από τους Βρετανούς σε δύο από τις παραλίες της απόβασης της Νορμανδίας το 1944. Κύριος σκοπός των λιμένων αυτών ήταν η από θαλάσσης υποστήριξη των αποβιβασμένων δυνάμεων με πολεμικό υλικό, καύσιμα και τρόφιμα. (el) Die Mulberry-Häfen waren zwei im Zweiten Weltkrieg von den Alliierten errichtete künstliche Nachschubhäfen an der Küste der Normandie (Département Calvados). Entworfen wurden die Häfen von den beiden Ingenieuren Ove Arup und Ronald Jenkins. (de) Los puertos Mulberry fueron un tipo de puerto artificial construido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ante la necesidad de contar con puertos donde descargar el material en la invasión del continente europeo por parte de los aliados. Fueron creados a partir de la unión de diversos bloques de hormigón preformados que, transportados a través del Canal de la Mancha a flote, fueron hundidos una vez en su ubicación definitiva. De la forma ideada, constituida por bloques unidos uno a uno, surgió el nombre de puerto «mulberry» debido a su similitud a una mata de moras. De este tipo de puertos, se transportaron dos durante la invasión de Normandía, uno de los cuales, construido en la playa de Omaha, fue arrasado por una fuerte tempestad algunos días después de su creación y el otro, situado en Arromanches, fue de gran utilidad. (es) Mulberry harbours were two temporary portable harbours developed by the British Admiralty and War Office during the Second World War to facilitate the rapid offloading of cargo onto beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. After the Allies successfully held beachheads following D-Day, two prefabricated harbours were taken in sections across the English Channel from southern England with the invading armies and assembled off Omaha Beach (Mulberry "A") and Gold Beach (Mulberry "B"). The Mulberry harbours were to be used until major French ports could be captured and brought back into use after repair of the inevitable sabotage by German defenders. The Mulberry B harbour at Gold Beach was used for 10 months after D-Day, and over 2.5 million men, 500,000 vehicles, and 4 million tons of supplies were landed before it was fully decommissioned. The still only partially-completed Mulberry A harbour at Omaha Beach was damaged on 19 June by a violent storm that suddenly arrived from the north-east. After three days the storm finally abated and damage was found to be so severe that the harbour had to be abandoned. (en) Glaoitear Céanna Maoildeirge (ainmnithe as an sméar Maoildearg) ar na cuanta saorga a d'úsáid na Comhghuaillithe sa Dara Cogadh Domhanda. Tarraingíodh iad trasna Muir nIocht ionas go mbeadh sé éasca agus feithiclí millteacha eile a iompar isteach ar an mórthír. (ga) Pelabuhan Murbei merupakan pelabuhan portabel sementara yang dibangunan oleh Inggris selama Perang Dunia Kedua untuk memfasilitasi pembongkaran kargo ke pantai selama Invasi Normandia pada bulan Juni 1944. Setelah Sekutu berhasil diselenggarakan pendaratan tentara di pantai setelah Hari-D, bahan-bahan dua pelabuhan setengah jadi diambil dan dipecah sepanjang Selat Inggris dan dirakit di Omaha (Mulberry "A") dan Gold (Mulberry "B"). Pelabuhan Murbei rencananya digunakan Sekutu sampai mereka bisa merebut sebuah pelabuhan Prancis; yang diperkirakan sekitar tiga bulan. Namun tidak diduga, Antwerp di Belgia diambil oleh Jerman pada 4 September 1944. tidak dapat dibuka sampai akhirnya tanggal 28 November Sekutu memenangkan . Dan dua pelabuhan Prancis pun dapat dipakai; pelabuhan Boulogne pada 14 Oktober setelah dan pelabuhan Calais pada November setelah . Montgomery tetap bersikukuh bahwa Tentara Kanada Pertama harus menghajar garnisun Jerman di Boulogne, Calais dan Dunkirk (yang akhirnya ditunda sampai 9 Mei 1945) terlebih dahulu sebelum giliran Scheldt walaupn pelabuhan di Prancis sebenarnya sudah "tidak perlu dipertahankan" karena mengalami kerusakan besar sehingga tidak bisa digunakan. Dan keberhasilan Operasi Dragoon berujung pada tersedianya pelabuhan Prancis di Marseille dan Toulon pada bulan Oktober. Rata-rata Tonase Suplai harian yang datang (in) Le port Mulberry (en anglais: Mulberry Harbour) est un port préfabriqué construit sur la côte normande pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour permettre l'approvisionnement des Alliés dans les jours qui suivirent le débarquement de Normandie. En fait, deux ports furent assemblés au large des plages du Calvados, mais seul celui d'Arromanches fut opérationnel, le second devant Omaha Beach ayant été détruit par une tempête le 19 juin 1944. La construction de ce port évitait aux Alliés de devoir prendre directement un port en eau profonde. Le port Mulberry était constitué de différents grands éléments préfabriqués en Angleterre, acheminés et assemblés sur la côte normande. Ce port artificiel a souvent été mis en avant comme ayant permis la réussite de la bataille de Normandie et présenté comme une trouvaille en matière de logistique militaire. Mais les historiens relativisent désormais un peu son rôle car jusqu'à la conquête du port de Cherbourg, la majorité de l'approvisionnement est réalisée par débarquement direct sur les plages ou par l'utilisation des petits ports de la côte normande. (fr) Il Mulberry Harbour (Porto Mulberry) o porto artificiale di Arromanches era un tipo di porto temporaneo artificiale sviluppato nella Seconda guerra mondiale per essere utilizzato durante gli sbarchi del D-Day. (it) „Porty Mulberry” – dwa sztuczne porty zaopatrzeniowe zbudowane przez Aliantów podczas II wojny światowej na wybrzeżu Normandii (Département Calvados). Zaprojektowane zostały przez dwóch inżynierów Ove Arup i . (pl) Mulberry was de codenaam voor een tweetal kunstmatige havens (Mulberry A en Mulberry B) die onmiddellijk na de landingen bij Normandië op 6 juni 1944, werden aangelegd. Mulberry A werd in de Amerikaanse sector bij Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer (Omaha Beach) aangelegd. Mulberry B in de Britse sector bij Arromanches (Gold Beach). (nl) Porto Mulberry eram portos portáteis temporários desenvolvidos pelo Reino Unido durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial para facilitar o rápido descarregamento de carga nas praias durante a invasão aliada da Normandia em junho de 1944. Depois que os Aliados seguraram com sucesso cabeças de praia após o Dia-D, dois portos pré-fabricados foram capturado em seções através do Canal da Mancha da Grã-Bretanha com o exército invasor e reunido nas praias de Omaha (Mulberry "A") e Gold (Mulberry "B"). Os portos Mulberry deveriam ser usados até que os principais portos franceses pudessem ser capturados e trazidos de volta após o reparo da inevitável sabotagem dos defensores alemães. A primeira opção, Cherbourg, foi capturada no final de julho de 1944, mas as instalações portuárias foram destruídas com destreza e depois presas em armadilhas. Embora Antuérpia, na Bélgica, tenha sido capturada em 4 de setembro de 1944, o porto de Antuérpia não foi aberto até 28 de novembro, uma vez que as aproximações ao porto foram realizadas pelos alemães até que a Batalha do rio Escalda foi vencida. Dois portos franceses estavam finalmente disponíveis; o porto de Boulogne em 14 de outubro após a Operação Wellhit e o porto de Calais em novembro após a Operação Undergo. Montgomery insistiu que o Primeiro Exército Canadense limpasse as guarnições alemãs em Boulogne, Calais e Dunquerque (que foi realizada até 9 de maio de 1945) antes de rio Escald, embora os portos franceses tenham sido "resolutamente defendidos" e todos tenham sofrido demolições para que não sejam navegáveis por algum tempo. (pt) Mullbärshamnen eller Mulberry harbour var en tillfällig hamn konstruerad under andra världskriget. Hamnens uppgift var att lossa gods på invasionsstränderna under de allierades invasion av Normandie. Två prefabricerade militära hamnar forslades i sektioner från Storbritannien över Engelska kanalen och monterades ihop utanför Normandies kust som en del i Dagen D-invasionen av Frankrike 1944. (sv) Гавань «Малберри» (Mulberry Harbour) — британская система временных береговых сооружений, использовавшаяся на необорудованном побережье Нормандии для выгрузки военной техники, личного состава и материальных запасов при проведении операции «Оверлорд» во время Второй мировой войны. За десять месяцев, прошедших с момента высадки, с помощью этих гаваней на берега Нормандии было высажено более 2,5 млн людей, доставлено порядка 500 тысяч единиц техники и более 4 млн т материалов. Среди военных историков до сих пор ведутся споры о том, кто именно из британских инженеров был автором проекта Малберрийских гаваней; в числе претендентов называются валлийский инженер Хью Хьюз, профессор Берналь и вице-адмирал Джон Хьюз-Халлетт. Два сборных морских порта, «Малберри А» и «Малберри В», были посекционно транспортированы через Ла-Манш одновременно с началом вторжения и устроены на французском побережье у плацдарма «Омаха-Бич» близ городка Сен-Лоран-сюр-Мер и плацдарма «Голд» вблизи Арроманш-ле-Бен соответственно. (ru) Бухта «Малберрі» (англ. Mulberry harbour) — британська система , що утворювали тимчасовий морський порт на необладнаному узбережжі Нормандії для вивантаження військової техніки, особового складу та матеріальних запасів під час проведення операції «Оверлорд». Два збірних морських порти «Малберрі А» та «Малберрі В» посекційно були транспортовані через Ла-Манш водночас із початком вторгнення та влаштовані на французькому узбережжі біля плацдарму «Омаха» поблизу містечка Сен-Лоран-сюр-Мер та плацдарму «Голд» поблизу Арроманш-ле-Бен відповідно. (uk) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-2-1/CMH_Pub_7-2-1.pdf http://eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Finding_Aids/S.html http://www.mulberryharbour.info http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getdownloaditem/collection/p124201coll1/id/904/filename/905.pdf/mapsto/pdf http://www.concretebarge.co.uk/02-canveybarge/4-mulberry/mulberry02.htm http://www.normandythenandnow.com/a-rare-piece-of-d-day-history-in-this-sleepy-normandy-valley/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130508165003/http:/www.combinedops.com/Mulberry%20Harbours.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=wHnyzAODbaA%7C http://www.alu.army.mil/alog/2003/novdec03/pdf/nov_dec_alog.pdf http://www.mulberryharbours.com http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/ETO/Overlord/MulberryB/ https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.39141 https://maps.google.com/maps%3Fll=49.347496,-0.633988&spn=0.018469,0.030088&t=k&hl=en https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/military/dday-sunken-secrets.html |
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| dbp:caption | View of the Mulberry B harbour "Port Winston" at Arromanches in September 1944. Centre and left are "Spud" pierheads with floating piers of "Whales" and "Beetles". At right is 2000 feet of "Swiss Roll". (en) |
| dbp:closed | March 1945 (en) |
| dbp:joins | Beach (en) |
| dbp:location | Arromanches and Omaha Beach, Normandy, France (en) |
| dbp:name | Mulberry harbour (en) |
| dbp:opened | June 1944 (en) |
| dbp:purpose | Military equipment, stores and personnel (en) |
| dbp:type | Temporary portable harbour (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Οι λιμένες Μάλμπερι (αγγλ. Mulberry Harbours) ήταν δύο προκατασκευασμένοι προσωρινοί λιμένες που κατασκευάστηκαν από τους Βρετανούς σε δύο από τις παραλίες της απόβασης της Νορμανδίας το 1944. Κύριος σκοπός των λιμένων αυτών ήταν η από θαλάσσης υποστήριξη των αποβιβασμένων δυνάμεων με πολεμικό υλικό, καύσιμα και τρόφιμα. (el) Die Mulberry-Häfen waren zwei im Zweiten Weltkrieg von den Alliierten errichtete künstliche Nachschubhäfen an der Küste der Normandie (Département Calvados). Entworfen wurden die Häfen von den beiden Ingenieuren Ove Arup und Ronald Jenkins. (de) Glaoitear Céanna Maoildeirge (ainmnithe as an sméar Maoildearg) ar na cuanta saorga a d'úsáid na Comhghuaillithe sa Dara Cogadh Domhanda. Tarraingíodh iad trasna Muir nIocht ionas go mbeadh sé éasca agus feithiclí millteacha eile a iompar isteach ar an mórthír. (ga) Il Mulberry Harbour (Porto Mulberry) o porto artificiale di Arromanches era un tipo di porto temporaneo artificiale sviluppato nella Seconda guerra mondiale per essere utilizzato durante gli sbarchi del D-Day. (it) „Porty Mulberry” – dwa sztuczne porty zaopatrzeniowe zbudowane przez Aliantów podczas II wojny światowej na wybrzeżu Normandii (Département Calvados). Zaprojektowane zostały przez dwóch inżynierów Ove Arup i . (pl) Mulberry was de codenaam voor een tweetal kunstmatige havens (Mulberry A en Mulberry B) die onmiddellijk na de landingen bij Normandië op 6 juni 1944, werden aangelegd. Mulberry A werd in de Amerikaanse sector bij Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer (Omaha Beach) aangelegd. Mulberry B in de Britse sector bij Arromanches (Gold Beach). (nl) Mullbärshamnen eller Mulberry harbour var en tillfällig hamn konstruerad under andra världskriget. Hamnens uppgift var att lossa gods på invasionsstränderna under de allierades invasion av Normandie. Två prefabricerade militära hamnar forslades i sektioner från Storbritannien över Engelska kanalen och monterades ihop utanför Normandies kust som en del i Dagen D-invasionen av Frankrike 1944. (sv) Бухта «Малберрі» (англ. Mulberry harbour) — британська система , що утворювали тимчасовий морський порт на необладнаному узбережжі Нормандії для вивантаження військової техніки, особового складу та матеріальних запасів під час проведення операції «Оверлорд». Два збірних морських порти «Малберрі А» та «Малберрі В» посекційно були транспортовані через Ла-Манш водночас із початком вторгнення та влаштовані на французькому узбережжі біля плацдарму «Омаха» поблизу містечка Сен-Лоран-сюр-Мер та плацдарму «Голд» поблизу Арроманш-ле-Бен відповідно. (uk) Els ports Mulberry van ser un tipus de port artificial construït durant la Segona Guerra Mundial davant la necessitat de comptar amb ports on descarregar el material en la invasió del continent europeu per part dels aliats. Van ser creats a partir de la unió de diversos blocs de formigó preformats que, transportats a través del Canal de la Mànega a flotació, van ser enfonsats una vegada a la ubicació definitiva. De la forma ideada, constituïda per blocs units un a un, va sorgir el nom de port «mulberry» a causa de la seva similitud a una mata de mores. D'aquest tipus de ports, se'n van transportar 2 durant la invasió de Normandia, un dels quals, construït a la platja d'Omaha, va ser arrasat per una forta tempesta alguns dies després de la seva creació i l'altre, situat a Arromanches, va se (ca) Los puertos Mulberry fueron un tipo de puerto artificial construido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ante la necesidad de contar con puertos donde descargar el material en la invasión del continente europeo por parte de los aliados. Fueron creados a partir de la unión de diversos bloques de hormigón preformados que, transportados a través del Canal de la Mancha a flote, fueron hundidos una vez en su ubicación definitiva. De la forma ideada, constituida por bloques unidos uno a uno, surgió el nombre de puerto «mulberry» debido a su similitud a una mata de moras. (es) Mulberry harbours were two temporary portable harbours developed by the British Admiralty and War Office during the Second World War to facilitate the rapid offloading of cargo onto beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. After the Allies successfully held beachheads following D-Day, two prefabricated harbours were taken in sections across the English Channel from southern England with the invading armies and assembled off Omaha Beach (Mulberry "A") and Gold Beach (Mulberry "B"). (en) Pelabuhan Murbei merupakan pelabuhan portabel sementara yang dibangunan oleh Inggris selama Perang Dunia Kedua untuk memfasilitasi pembongkaran kargo ke pantai selama Invasi Normandia pada bulan Juni 1944. Setelah Sekutu berhasil diselenggarakan pendaratan tentara di pantai setelah Hari-D, bahan-bahan dua pelabuhan setengah jadi diambil dan dipecah sepanjang Selat Inggris dan dirakit di Omaha (Mulberry "A") dan Gold (Mulberry "B"). Rata-rata Tonase Suplai harian yang datang (in) Le port Mulberry (en anglais: Mulberry Harbour) est un port préfabriqué construit sur la côte normande pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour permettre l'approvisionnement des Alliés dans les jours qui suivirent le débarquement de Normandie. En fait, deux ports furent assemblés au large des plages du Calvados, mais seul celui d'Arromanches fut opérationnel, le second devant Omaha Beach ayant été détruit par une tempête le 19 juin 1944. La construction de ce port évitait aux Alliés de devoir prendre directement un port en eau profonde. Le port Mulberry était constitué de différents grands éléments préfabriqués en Angleterre, acheminés et assemblés sur la côte normande. Ce port artificiel a souvent été mis en avant comme ayant permis la réussite de la bataille de Normandie et présenté comme (fr) Porto Mulberry eram portos portáteis temporários desenvolvidos pelo Reino Unido durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial para facilitar o rápido descarregamento de carga nas praias durante a invasão aliada da Normandia em junho de 1944. Depois que os Aliados seguraram com sucesso cabeças de praia após o Dia-D, dois portos pré-fabricados foram capturado em seções através do Canal da Mancha da Grã-Bretanha com o exército invasor e reunido nas praias de Omaha (Mulberry "A") e Gold (Mulberry "B"). (pt) Гавань «Малберри» (Mulberry Harbour) — британская система временных береговых сооружений, использовавшаяся на необорудованном побережье Нормандии для выгрузки военной техники, личного состава и материальных запасов при проведении операции «Оверлорд» во время Второй мировой войны. За десять месяцев, прошедших с момента высадки, с помощью этих гаваней на берега Нормандии было высажено более 2,5 млн людей, доставлено порядка 500 тысяч единиц техники и более 4 млн т материалов. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Port Mulberry (ca) Mulberry-Häfen (de) Λιμένες Μάλμπερι (el) Puerto Mulberry (es) Cé Maoildeirge (ga) Pelabuhan Murbei (in) Mulberry Harbour (it) Port Mulberry (fr) Mulberry harbour (en) Mulberryhaven (nl) Porto Mulberry (pt) Mulberry (port) (pl) Малберри (гавань) (ru) Бухта «Малберрі» (uk) Mullbärshamn (sv) |
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