Nambudiri (original) (raw)
I nambuthiri (o namboothiri, Malayalam: നമ്പൂതിരി) sono i bramini del Kerala, che sono ritenuti i più ortodossi di tutta l'India.
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| dbo:abstract | Die Nambudiris (Malayalam: നമ്പൂതിരി, Nampūtiri; anglisierend auch Namboothiri) sind eine brahmanische Jati im südindischen Bundesstaat Kerala. Sie gelten als besonders orthodox und werden als Träger der klassischen vedischen Religion und des traditionellen Hindu-Kodex betrachtet. Nambudiris folgen der konservativen und ritualistischen Shrauta-Tradition (traditionelle vedische Rituale) und dem Purva Mimansa, anders als die Mehrzahl der anderen Brahmanen in Indien, die dem Vedanta folgen. Die Nambudiris sind bekannt für ihren ausgeprägten Sinn für die Kastenhierarchie und die damit zusammenhängenden Reinheitsvorschriften. In der Vergangenheit betrachteten sie sich bereits als verunreinigt, wenn gewisse andere Gruppen von Brahmanen sie nur berührten. Sie waren auch die einzige Hindu-Kaste, bei der Frauen einen Gesichtsschleier trugen (was um 1930 abgeschafft wurde). Während die ältesten Söhne eines Nambudiri-Haushaltes – den Sitten der endogamen Kasten folgend – eine Nambudiri-Frau heirateten, nahmen die jüngeren Brüder eine Frau der niedrigeren Nayar-Kaste und fügten sich in das matrilineare System der Nayars ein. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Brahmanenkasten in Südindien legten die Nambudiris großen Wert auf ihren Status als Priester, und sie übten für gewöhnlich keinen „normalen“ Beruf aus. Bis zur Landreform im Jahre 1963 in Kerala gründete der Reichtum vieler Nambudiris (wie auch der Nayar bzw. Nair) auf ihren ausgedehnten Ländereien. Seit dieser Landreform gibt es viele völlig verarmte Nambudiris und Nayars, die auf Grund ihrer hohen Kaste nicht in den Genuss von staatlichen Förderungsmaßnahmen kommen. In den Häusern der Nambudiri oder in den Tempeln des Gottes führen Mitglieder der Nambiar-Kaste das Ritualdrama Ayyappan tiyatta auf. (de) The Nambudiri (Malayalam pronunciation: [n̪ɐmbuːd̪iɾi]), also transliterated as Nampoothiri, Nambūdiri, Namboodiri, Nampoothiri, and Nampūtiri, are a Malayali Brahmin caste, native to what is now the state of Kerala, India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite, owning a large portion of the land in the region of Malabar until the Kerala Land Reforms starting in 1957, and intermarrying with the Nair monarchs and aristocracy through sambandham. They have historically been distinguished by rare practices such as the adherence to Śrauta ritualism, the Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā school of Hindu philosophy, and orthodox tradition, as well as many idiosyncratic customs unique among Brahmins, including primogeniture. Cyriac Pullapilly mentions that the dominating influence of the Nambudiris was to be found in all matters: religion, politics, society, economics and culture of Kerala. (en) I nambuthiri (o namboothiri, Malayalam: നമ്പൂതിരി) sono i bramini del Kerala, che sono ritenuti i più ortodossi di tutta l'India. (it) Nambudiri – podkasta braminów w południowo-indyjskim stanie Kerala, uważani za jednych z najbardziej ortodoksyjnych w Indiach. Wykonują w świątyniach rytuały oparte na , odgałęzieniu starożytnej tradycji tantry, zachowanemu jedynie w Kerali. W przeciwieństwie do większości braminów w Indiach, którzy są zwolennikami wedanty, nambudiri przestrzegają starej tradycji i mimansa. (pl) Os nambudiri, também transliterado nambūdiri, namboodiri, namboothiri e nampūtiri, são uma casta brâmanes malaialas, nativa do que hoje é o estado de Querala, na Índia. Como a elite feudal tradicional, os nambudiri possuíam uma grande parte da terra na região de Malabar até as a partir de 1957. Os nambudiri são conhecidos por suas práticas únicas, como a adesão ao ritualismo e à tradição ortodoxa. menciona que a influência dominante dos nambudiri era encontrada em todos os assuntos: religião, política, sociedade, economia e cultura de Querala. (pt) Намбуди́ри (малаял. നമ്പൂതിരി, IAST: nambũdiri) — каста индуистских брахманов в Керале, высшая каста южноиндийского дравидоязычного народа малаяли. Намбудири считаются наиболее ортодоксальными из всех брахманских каст Индии. Намбудири совершают храмовые ритуалы, основываясь на Тантра-виддхи — сложной и древней ветви тантры, которая существует только в Керале. Намбудири также служат главными жрецами во многих известных храмах по всей Индии (например в храме Бадринатха). Намбудири следуют консервативным ритуалистическим традициям шраута и философии мимансы, что отличает их от большинства других индийских брахманов, следующих веданте. Намбудири совершают такие ведийские ритуалы, как агничаяна и , которые уже давно не проводятся другими брахманскими кастами. (ru) 南布迪里婆羅門，是印度喀拉拉邦的婆羅門種姓。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | I nambuthiri (o namboothiri, Malayalam: നമ്പൂതിരി) sono i bramini del Kerala, che sono ritenuti i più ortodossi di tutta l'India. (it) Nambudiri – podkasta braminów w południowo-indyjskim stanie Kerala, uważani za jednych z najbardziej ortodoksyjnych w Indiach. Wykonują w świątyniach rytuały oparte na , odgałęzieniu starożytnej tradycji tantry, zachowanemu jedynie w Kerali. W przeciwieństwie do większości braminów w Indiach, którzy są zwolennikami wedanty, nambudiri przestrzegają starej tradycji i mimansa. (pl) Os nambudiri, também transliterado nambūdiri, namboodiri, namboothiri e nampūtiri, são uma casta brâmanes malaialas, nativa do que hoje é o estado de Querala, na Índia. Como a elite feudal tradicional, os nambudiri possuíam uma grande parte da terra na região de Malabar até as a partir de 1957. Os nambudiri são conhecidos por suas práticas únicas, como a adesão ao ritualismo e à tradição ortodoxa. menciona que a influência dominante dos nambudiri era encontrada em todos os assuntos: religião, política, sociedade, economia e cultura de Querala. (pt) Намбуди́ри (малаял. നമ്പൂതിരി, IAST: nambũdiri) — каста индуистских брахманов в Керале, высшая каста южноиндийского дравидоязычного народа малаяли. Намбудири считаются наиболее ортодоксальными из всех брахманских каст Индии. Намбудири совершают храмовые ритуалы, основываясь на Тантра-виддхи — сложной и древней ветви тантры, которая существует только в Керале. Намбудири также служат главными жрецами во многих известных храмах по всей Индии (например в храме Бадринатха). Намбудири следуют консервативным ритуалистическим традициям шраута и философии мимансы, что отличает их от большинства других индийских брахманов, следующих веданте. Намбудири совершают такие ведийские ритуалы, как агничаяна и , которые уже давно не проводятся другими брахманскими кастами. (ru) 南布迪里婆羅門，是印度喀拉拉邦的婆羅門種姓。 (zh) Die Nambudiris (Malayalam: നമ്പൂതിരി, Nampūtiri; anglisierend auch Namboothiri) sind eine brahmanische Jati im südindischen Bundesstaat Kerala. Sie gelten als besonders orthodox und werden als Träger der klassischen vedischen Religion und des traditionellen Hindu-Kodex betrachtet. Nambudiris folgen der konservativen und ritualistischen Shrauta-Tradition (traditionelle vedische Rituale) und dem Purva Mimansa, anders als die Mehrzahl der anderen Brahmanen in Indien, die dem Vedanta folgen. (de) The Nambudiri (Malayalam pronunciation: [n̪ɐmbuːd̪iɾi]), also transliterated as Nampoothiri, Nambūdiri, Namboodiri, Nampoothiri, and Nampūtiri, are a Malayali Brahmin caste, native to what is now the state of Kerala, India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite, owning a large portion of the land in the region of Malabar until the Kerala Land Reforms starting in 1957, and intermarrying with the Nair monarchs and aristocracy through sambandham. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Nambudiri (de) Brahmane nambutiri (fr) Nambuthiri (it) Nambudiri (en) Nambudiri (pl) Nambudiri (pt) Намбудири (ru) Namboothiri (sv) 南布迪里婆羅門 (zh) |
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