Negro league baseball (original) (raw)
- Die Negro Leagues waren verschiedene US-amerikanische Profibaseballligen, deren Teams ausschließlich aus Schwarzen, meist afroamerikanischen Spielern bestanden, und die nicht Teil der Major Leagues waren. Die Gründung eigener Ligen wurde durch die in den Vereinigten Staaten festgeschriebene Rassentrennung (Racial Segregation) notwendig, die eine Trennung von Schwarzen und nicht Schwarzen an öffentlichen Orten festschrieb. Das erste nur aus Afroamerikanern bestehende Team, das professionell aktiv war, wurde 1885 in Babylon im US-Bundesstaat New York unter dem Namen gegründet. Die erste Negro League der Geschichte war die National Colored Base Ball League, die sich 1887 formierte. Sie umfasste acht Mannschaften, wurde aber bereits nach zwei Wochen wieder aufgelöst, da kein Zuschauerinteresse bestand. Ab 1920 etablierten sich sieben mehr oder weniger erfolgreiche und langlebige Ligen, auf die der Begriff Negro Leagues im engeren Sinne verweist. Im weiteren Sinne definieren sich Negro Leagues als sämtliche professionelle Wettbewerbe, egal ob in einer Liga organisiert oder von unabhängigen Teams in einzelnen Partien ausgetragen. Das langlebigste Franchise in den Negro Leagues waren die , die von 1920 bis 1965 insgesamt 45 Spielzeiten bestritten, davon elf Jahre in der Negro National League, 34 in der Negro American League und neun Jahre als ligaunabhängiges Team. Die letzte dieser Negro Leagues wurde um 1960 aufgelöst, nachdem der Spieler Jackie Robinson die sogenannte „Color Line“ durchbrach, indem er durch einen Vertrag bei den Brooklyn Dodgers als erster schwarzer Spieler von einem MLB-Team unter Vertrag genommen wurde. Tragende Figur dieses historischen Moments war der Sportfunktionär Branch Rickey, der in der Folge seines Engagements für die friedliche Integration den Spitznamen The Mahatma bekam. (de)
- Las Ligas Negras o Negro Leagues fueron los nombres que recibieron las organizaciones de béisbol que, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta los años 1960, integraron a jugadores afroamericanos en los Estados Unidos. (es)
- Les Negro Leagues étaient des ligues professionnelles américaines de baseball réservées aux noirs (Africains-Américains) lors de la période de ségrégation, de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1948. La ségrégation prend fin dans le baseball en 1947 avec l'arrivée de Jackie Robinson chez les Dodgers de Brooklyn. Les Negro Leagues cessent alors leurs activités. Les plus prestigieuses ligues étaient surnommées Negro Major Leagues (ligues majeures noires). (fr)
- The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues". In the late 19th century, the baseball color line developed in professional baseball, excluding African Americans from league play. In 1885, the Cuban Giants formed the first black professional baseball team. The first league, the National Colored Base Ball League, was organized strictly as a minor league but failed in 1887 after only two weeks owing to low attendance. After several decades of mostly independent play by a variety of teams, in 1920 the first Negro National League was formed and ultimately seven major leagues existed at various times over the next thirty years. After integration, the quality of the Negro leagues slowly deteriorated and the Negro American League of 1951 is generally considered the last major league season. The last professional club, the Indianapolis Clowns, operated as a humorous sideshow rather than competitively from the mid-1960s to the 1980s. In December 2020, Major League Baseball announced that based on recent decades of historical research, it was adding to the six historical "major league" designations it made in 1969. It classified the seven "major Negro leagues" as additional major leagues, thus recognizing statistics and approximately 3,400 players who played from 1920 to 1948. (en)
- 니그로 리그(영어: Negro league)는 압도적으로 많은 아프리카계 미국인과 적은 수의 라틴계 미국인으로 구성된 프로야구 리그였다. 니그로 리그는 넓게는 흑인 선수들의 모든 리그를, 좁게는 1920년부터 시작된 비교적 성공적인 7개의 리그를 가리켰다. 최초의 흑인 프로 야구팀은 1885년에 만들어진 쿠반 자이언츠(영어: Cuban Giants)였다. 또한 최초의 리그는 전국 유색인종 야구 리그(영어: National Colored Base Ball League)라는 하나의 마이너 리그로써 조직되었다. 하지만 1887년, 적은 관람객수 탓인지 단 2주 만에 폐지되고 만다. 그러나 1920년 Negro National League이 조직되어 성공을 거두자 잇달아 1923년 Eastern Colored League, 1937년 Negro American League 등이 결성되어 흥행을 거둔다. 그 이후 1947년 재키 로빈슨의 브루클린 다저스 입단으로 메이져 리그의 흑인 선수 출전이 가능해짐에 따라 점차 쇠퇴를 거듭하여 1960년 Negro American League를 마지막으로 모든 니그로 리그는 사라지게 된다. (ko)
- Le Negro League erano leghe sportive statunitensi di baseball professionistico in cui le squadre erano formate esclusivamente o in ampia prevalenza da giocatori afroamericani. Furono attive dalla fine dell'Ottocento fino al 1966, quando si esaurirono spontaneamente con il progredire dell'integrazione degli afroamericani. (it)
- ニグロリーグ (Negro League baseball) は、アメリカ合衆国に存在した野球リーグ。 (ja)
- As Ligas Negras (em inglês Negro leagues) foram ligas americanas de beisebol profissional compostas predominantemente por afro-americanos e em menor extensão por latino-americanos. O termo pode ser usado amplamente para incluir times profissionais de negros fora das ligas ou em relação às sete ligas que tiveram relativo sucesso com início em 1920 que são algumas vezes designadas como "Negro Major Leagues". Em 1885 o formou o primeiro time negro de beisebol profissional. A primeira liga, a , foi organizada estritamente como uma liga menor mas encerrou as atividades em 1887 depois de apenas duas semanas de existência devido à pouca presença de público. A de 1951 é considerada a última temporada de uma destas grandes ligas e o último clube profissional, o , operava mais como um espetáculo de humor do que competitivamente de meados da década de 1960 até à década de 1980. (pt)
- 黑人聯盟(英語:Negro Leagues)(邦恩聯盟)是主要由非裔美國人隊伍所組成的美國職業棒球聯盟。這個術語可以泛指聯盟之外的黑人職棒球隊,也可以專指,它們有時被稱作「黑人大聯盟」。 1885年創建的第一支職業球隊,以之名獲得了巨大而持久的成功,然而第一個聯盟卻在1887年只撐了兩週,即因票房太差而宣告失敗。一般認為1951年的是他們的最後一個大聯盟球季,而最後一支職棒球隊則自1960年代中期巡迴表演到1980年代為止。 (zh)
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- Las Ligas Negras o Negro Leagues fueron los nombres que recibieron las organizaciones de béisbol que, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta los años 1960, integraron a jugadores afroamericanos en los Estados Unidos. (es)
- Les Negro Leagues étaient des ligues professionnelles américaines de baseball réservées aux noirs (Africains-Américains) lors de la période de ségrégation, de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1948. La ségrégation prend fin dans le baseball en 1947 avec l'arrivée de Jackie Robinson chez les Dodgers de Brooklyn. Les Negro Leagues cessent alors leurs activités. Les plus prestigieuses ligues étaient surnommées Negro Major Leagues (ligues majeures noires). (fr)
- 니그로 리그(영어: Negro league)는 압도적으로 많은 아프리카계 미국인과 적은 수의 라틴계 미국인으로 구성된 프로야구 리그였다. 니그로 리그는 넓게는 흑인 선수들의 모든 리그를, 좁게는 1920년부터 시작된 비교적 성공적인 7개의 리그를 가리켰다. 최초의 흑인 프로 야구팀은 1885년에 만들어진 쿠반 자이언츠(영어: Cuban Giants)였다. 또한 최초의 리그는 전국 유색인종 야구 리그(영어: National Colored Base Ball League)라는 하나의 마이너 리그로써 조직되었다. 하지만 1887년, 적은 관람객수 탓인지 단 2주 만에 폐지되고 만다. 그러나 1920년 Negro National League이 조직되어 성공을 거두자 잇달아 1923년 Eastern Colored League, 1937년 Negro American League 등이 결성되어 흥행을 거둔다. 그 이후 1947년 재키 로빈슨의 브루클린 다저스 입단으로 메이져 리그의 흑인 선수 출전이 가능해짐에 따라 점차 쇠퇴를 거듭하여 1960년 Negro American League를 마지막으로 모든 니그로 리그는 사라지게 된다. (ko)
- Le Negro League erano leghe sportive statunitensi di baseball professionistico in cui le squadre erano formate esclusivamente o in ampia prevalenza da giocatori afroamericani. Furono attive dalla fine dell'Ottocento fino al 1966, quando si esaurirono spontaneamente con il progredire dell'integrazione degli afroamericani. (it)
- ニグロリーグ (Negro League baseball) は、アメリカ合衆国に存在した野球リーグ。 (ja)
- 黑人聯盟(英語:Negro Leagues)(邦恩聯盟)是主要由非裔美國人隊伍所組成的美國職業棒球聯盟。這個術語可以泛指聯盟之外的黑人職棒球隊,也可以專指,它們有時被稱作「黑人大聯盟」。 1885年創建的第一支職業球隊,以之名獲得了巨大而持久的成功,然而第一個聯盟卻在1887年只撐了兩週,即因票房太差而宣告失敗。一般認為1951年的是他們的最後一個大聯盟球季,而最後一支職棒球隊則自1960年代中期巡迴表演到1980年代為止。 (zh)
- Die Negro Leagues waren verschiedene US-amerikanische Profibaseballligen, deren Teams ausschließlich aus Schwarzen, meist afroamerikanischen Spielern bestanden, und die nicht Teil der Major Leagues waren. Die Gründung eigener Ligen wurde durch die in den Vereinigten Staaten festgeschriebene Rassentrennung (Racial Segregation) notwendig, die eine Trennung von Schwarzen und nicht Schwarzen an öffentlichen Orten festschrieb. (de)
- The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues". (en)
- As Ligas Negras (em inglês Negro leagues) foram ligas americanas de beisebol profissional compostas predominantemente por afro-americanos e em menor extensão por latino-americanos. O termo pode ser usado amplamente para incluir times profissionais de negros fora das ligas ou em relação às sete ligas que tiveram relativo sucesso com início em 1920 que são algumas vezes designadas como "Negro Major Leagues". (pt)
- Negro league baseball (en)
- Negro Leagues (de)
- Ligas Negras (es)
- Negro League (fr)
- Negro League (it)
- 니그로 리그 베이스볼 (ko)
- ニグロリーグ (ja)
- Ligas Negras de beisebol (pt)
- Negro league baseball (sv)
- 黑人聯盟 (zh)
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- dbr:Ambrose_Morris
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- dbr:American_expatriate_baseball_players_in_Japan
- dbr:Ben_Gross
- dbr:Ben_Harris_(1920s_pitcher)
- dbr:Ben_Henderson_(baseball)
- dbr:Ben_Littles
- dbr:Benito_Calderón
- dbr:Preacher_Henry
- dbr:Prescott,_Arkansas
- dbr:Provine_Bradley
- dbr:Prudencio_Martínez
- dbr:Purnell_Mincy
- dbr:Pythias_Russ
- dbr:Quincy_Smith
- dbr:Robert_Mitchell_(baseball)
- dbr:Robert_Poindexter
- dbr:Robert_Prior
- dbr:Robert_Richard_Hieronimus
- dbr:Robert_Scott_(first_baseman)
- dbr:Robert_Scott_(pitcher)
- dbr:Robert_Sloan_(baseball)
- dbr:Robert_Yendes
- dbr:Rockland_Industries
- dbr:Rocky_Ellis
- dbr:Rocky_Mount,_North_Carolina
- dbr:Rogelio_Crespo
- dbr:Rogelio_Linares
- dbr:Rogers_Pierre
- dbr:Roland_Calhoun
- dbr:Roland_Griffin
- dbr:Ron_Stead
- dbr:Ron_Teasley
- dbr:Ronnie_Yell
- dbr:Roosevelt_Owens
- dbr:Roosevelt_Tate
- dbr:Rosey_Davis_(baseball)
- dbr:Ross_Davis_(baseball)
- dbr:Ross_Garrison
- dbr:Roy_Campanella
- dbr:Roy_Dorsey
- dbr:Roy_Partlow
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- dbr:Roy_Welmaker
- dbr:Royster_Bullock
- dbr:Rube_Curry
- dbr:Rube_Foster
- dbr:Rube_Henderson
- dbr:Rube_Wiggins
- dbr:Ruben_Jones
- dbr:Ruby_Tyrees
- dbr:Rudolph_Ash
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- dbr:Rufus_Baker
- dbr:Rufus_Battle
- dbr:Rufus_Hatchett
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- dbr:Rufus_Lewis
- dbr:Rufus_Ligon
- dbr:Sam_B._Taylor
- dbr:Sam_Bankhead
- dbr:Sam_Barber
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- dbr:Sam_Cooper_(baseball)
- dbr:Sam_Crawford_(pitcher)
- dbr:Sam_Crow_(baseball)
- dbr:Sam_Gordon_(baseball)
- dbr:Sam_Hairston
- dbr:Sam_Hill_(baseball)
- dbr:Sam_Holmes
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- dbr:Sam_Mongin
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- dbr:Sam_Odom
- dbr:Sam_Segraves
- dbr:Sam_Streeter
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- dbr:Sam_Thompson_(pitcher)
- dbr:Sam_Wheeler
- dbr:Sam_Williams_(baseball)
- dbr:Sam_Woods_(baseball)
- dbr:Sammie_Haynes
- dbr:Sammy_Gee
- dbr:Sammy_T._Hughes
- dbr:Samuel_"Bay"_Taylor
- dbr:Samuel_Burris_(baseball)
- dbr:Samuel_Dewitt
- dbr:Samuel_Ransom
- dbr:Sandy_Koufax
- dbr:Sandy_Thompson
- dbr:Sanford_Jackson_(baseball)
- dbr:Sapho_Bartlett
- dbr:Satchel_Paige
- dbr:Saul_Davis
- dbr:Schoolboy_Johnny_Taylor
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- dbr:Elbert_Williams_(baseball)
- dbr:List_of_acts_of_the_116th_United_States_Congress
- dbr:List_of_ballparks_in_New_York_City
- dbr:List_of_baseball_parks_in_Atlanta
- dbr:List_of_baseball_parks_in_Chicago
- dbr:List_of_baseball_parks_in_Kansas_City,_Missouri
- dbr:List_of_baseball_parks_in_Pittsburgh
- dbr:List_of_baseball_parks_in_Washington,_D.C.
- dbr:List_of_baseball_players_who_went_directly_to_Major_League_Baseball
- dbr:List_of_burials_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery
- dbr:List_of_centenarians_(sportspeople)
- dbr:List_of_defunct_Georgia_sports_teams
- dbr:List_of_defunct_minor_baseball_leagues_in_the_United_States
- dbr:List_of_first_black_Major_League_Baseball_players
- dbr:Miguel_Solís_(baseball)
- dbr:NLB
- dbr:Negro_American_Association
- dbr:Negro_National_League_(1920–1931)
- dbr:No-hitter
- dbr:Memphis_Blues_(Negro_Southern_League)
- dbr:Memphis_Eclipses
- dbr:Memphis_Eurekas
- dbr:Monroe_Monarchs
- dbr:Moody_Allison
- dbr:Pasqual_Martínez
- dbr:Pastor_Pareda
- dbr:William_Breda
- dbr:Professional_baseball
- dbr:1920_in_baseball
- dbr:1930
- dbr:1930_in_the_United_States
- dbr:1947_New_York_Cubans_season
- dbr:1949_in_sports
- dbr:2022_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting
- dbr:Barney_Brown
- dbr:Barney_Longest
- dbr:Barney_Morris
- dbr:Barney_Serrell
- dbr:Bartolo_Portuondo
- dbr:Baseball
- dbr:Basilio_Cueria
- dbr:Basilio_Rosell
- dbr:Bee_Selden
- dbr:Ben_Adams_(baseball)
- dbr:Ben_Glaspy
- dbr:Ben_Hill_(baseball)
- dbr:Ben_Holmes_(baseball)
- dbr:Ben_Taylor_(first_baseman,_born_1888)
- dbr:Benedict_College
- dbr:Benjamin_Reese
- dbr:Bennie_Charleston
- dbr:Bennie_Lyons
- dbr:Bennie_Wilson
- dbr:Benny_Felder
- dbr:Benny_Rodríguez
- dbr:Bernard_Fernandez
- dbr:Bernice_Wood
- dbr:Bert_Johnson_(baseball)
- dbr:Bert_Wakefield
- dbr:Bienvenido_Jiménez
- dbr:Big_Bill_Smith
- dbr:Bill_Anderson_(1940s_pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Barnes_(pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Blair_(1940s_pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Bradford_(outfielder)
- dbr:Bill_Byrd
- dbr:Bill_Cash_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Cooper_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Drake_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Evans_(outfielder)
- dbr:Bill_Force
- dbr:Bill_Ford_(outfielder)
- dbr:Bill_Foster_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Gatewood
- dbr:Bill_Handy
- dbr:Bill_Harvey_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Holland_(right-handed_pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Hoskins_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Jackman
- dbr:Bill_Jefferson_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Johnson_(catcher)
- dbr:Bill_Kindle
- dbr:Bill_Land
- dbr:Bill_Lindsay_(pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Lynn_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Merritt_(pitcher)
- dbr:Bill_Monroe_(1900s_infielder)
- dbr:Bill_Myers_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Owens_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Perkins_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Pierce_(baseball)
- dbr:Bill_Reynolds_(second_baseman)
- dbr:Bill_Ricks
- dbr:Bill_Riggins
- dbr:Bill_Rumler
- dbr:Bill_Simms
- dbr:Bill_Wright_(outfielder)
- dbr:Bill_Yancey
- dbr:Billy_Dee_Williams
- dbr:Billy_Holland_(baseball)
- dbr:Billy_Horne
- dbr:Billy_Pierce
- dbr:Billy_Thompson_(baseball)
- dbr:Bingo_Bingham
- dbr:Bingo_DeMoss
- dbr:Biz_Mackey
- dbr:Blainey_Hall
- dbr:Blanch_Moody
- dbr:Blue_Washington
- dbr:Bo_Briggery
- dbr:Bo_Wallace_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Boston
- dbr:Bob_Boyd_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Clarke_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Evans_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Fagan
- dbr:Bob_Feller
- dbr:Bob_Gilkerson
- dbr:Bob_Griffith
- dbr:Bob_Harvey_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Madison_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_McClure_(1920s_pitcher)
- dbr:Bob_Mitchell_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Palm
- dbr:Bob_Romby
- dbr:Bob_Saunders_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Scott_(baseball)
- dbr:Bob_Turner_(baseball)
- dbr:Bobby_Anderson_(baseball)
- dbr:Bobby_Robinson_(baseball)
- dbr:Bolton,_Mississippi
- dbr:Booker_McDaniels
- dbr:Booker_T._Washington_High_School_(Tennessee)
- dbr:Boots_McClain
- dbr:Boylan-Haven-Mather_Academy
- dbr:Bradford_Bennett
- dbr:Branch_Russell
- dbr:Breese_Stevens_Field
- dbr:Brennan_King
- dbr:Bricktop_Wright
- dbr:Dave_Barnhill
- dbr:Dave_Brown_(baseball)
- dbr:Dave_Harper_(baseball)
- dbr:Dave_Malarcher
- dbr:Dave_Mays_(baseball)
- dbr:Dave_Pope
- dbr:Dave_Snowden_(baseball)
- dbr:Dave_Thomas_(baseball)
- dbr:Dave_Wyatt
- dbr:Davey_Whitney
- dbr:David_Allen_(baseball)
- dbr:David_Wingfield
- dbr:Deacon_Meyers
- dbr:Decatur,_Alabama
- dbr:Dee_Williams
- dbr:Deedy_Crosson
- dbr:Delaware_Sports_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame
- dbr:Delino_DeShields
- dbr:Dell_Clark
- dbr:Dell_Matthews
- dbr:Denio_Canton
- dbr:Denmark,_Tennessee
- dbr:Dennis_Gilchrist
- dbr:Dennis_Graham
- dbr:Dennis_Simpson_(baseball)
- dbr:Denny_Despert
- dbr:Derrel_Thomas
- dbr:Dewey_Creacy
- dbr:Dewey_Rivers
- dbr:All-American_Black_Tourists
- dbr:All-star_game
- dbr:All_Cubans
- dbr:Almendares_(baseball)
- dbr:Andrew_Cephas
- dbr:Andrew_Reed_(baseball)
- dbr:Andrew_Wilson_(baseball)