Operation Paravane (original) (raw)
- Operation Paravane was a British air raid of World War II that inflicted heavy damage on the German battleship Tirpitz, at anchor in Kaafjord in the far north of German-occupied Norway. The attack was conducted on 15 September 1944 by 21 Royal Air Force heavy bombers, which flew from an airfield in the north of the Soviet Union. The battleship was struck by one bomb, and further damaged by several near misses. This damage rendered Tirpitz unfit for combat, and she could not be repaired as it was no longer possible for the Germans to sail her to a major port. The attack on 15 September followed a series of largely unsuccessful raids conducted against Tirpitz by Royal Navy aircraft carriers between April and August 1944, that sought to sink or disable the battleship at her anchorage, so that she no longer posed a threat to Allied convoys travelling to and from the Soviet Union. The first of these raids was successful, but the other attacks failed due to shortcomings with the Fleet Air Arm's strike aircraft and the formidable German defences. As a result, the task of attacking the battleship was transferred to the RAF's Bomber Command. Avro Lancaster bombers from the Command's two elite squadrons flew to their staging airfield in the Soviet Union on the night of 11/12 September, and attacked on 15 September using heavy bombs and air-dropped mines. All of the British aircraft returned to base, though one of the Lancasters later crashed during its flight back to the United Kingdom. Following Operation Paravane, the German Navy's commander decided to use Tirpitz as a static artillery battery to protect the town of Tromsø. The Allies were unable to confirm the extent of the battleship's damage, and conducted two more heavy bomber raids against her in late 1944, Operation Obviate on 29 October, and Operation Catechism on 12 November. Tirpitz was sunk with considerable loss of life during the second of these attacks. (en)
- L'opération Paravane est un raid aérien destiné à détruire le cuirassé allemand Tirpitz ancré dans le fjord d'Altafjord. Cette attaque eut lieu le 15 septembre 1944. Le Tirpitz fut endommagé par ce raid. (fr)
- パラヴェーン作戦 (Operation Paravane) は、第二次世界大戦中のイギリス軍空母搭載機によるドイツ戦艦ティルピッツに対する航空攻撃作戦。1944年9月15日にイギリス空軍により実行された。超大型爆弾トールボーイを搭載したランカスター爆撃機がソ連領内より発進し攻撃をおこなったが、ティルピッツを撃沈することは出来なかった。 (ja)
- Operacja Paravane – atak powietrzny dokonany przez samoloty RAF Bomber Command 15 września 1944 roku przeciw niemieckiemu pancernikowi „Tirpitz” stacjonującemu w fiordach północnej Norwegii. W opinii Admiralicji i premiera Churchilla „Tirpitz” stanowił ogromne zagrożenie dla konwojów arktycznych, za pomocą których zaopatrywano w materiały wojenne sojuszniczy Związek Radziecki. Korzystając z międzylądowania na radzieckim lotnisku w pobliżu Archangielska dwa dywizjony ciężkich bombowców dokonały nalotu. Jedyna bomba, która trafiła okręt, spowodowała tak rozległe uszkodzenia, że Niemcy zmuszeni byli przeholować „Tirpitza” na południe, w pobliże Tromsø, gdzie osadzono go na mieliźnie jako nieruchomą baterię obrony wybrzeża i gdzie ostatecznie został zatopiony w trakcie operacji Catechism kilka tygodni później. (pl)
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- A British Lancaster bomber over Kaafjord during Operation Paravane (en)
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- L'opération Paravane est un raid aérien destiné à détruire le cuirassé allemand Tirpitz ancré dans le fjord d'Altafjord. Cette attaque eut lieu le 15 septembre 1944. Le Tirpitz fut endommagé par ce raid. (fr)
- パラヴェーン作戦 (Operation Paravane) は、第二次世界大戦中のイギリス軍空母搭載機によるドイツ戦艦ティルピッツに対する航空攻撃作戦。1944年9月15日にイギリス空軍により実行された。超大型爆弾トールボーイを搭載したランカスター爆撃機がソ連領内より発進し攻撃をおこなったが、ティルピッツを撃沈することは出来なかった。 (ja)
- Operation Paravane was a British air raid of World War II that inflicted heavy damage on the German battleship Tirpitz, at anchor in Kaafjord in the far north of German-occupied Norway. The attack was conducted on 15 September 1944 by 21 Royal Air Force heavy bombers, which flew from an airfield in the north of the Soviet Union. The battleship was struck by one bomb, and further damaged by several near misses. This damage rendered Tirpitz unfit for combat, and she could not be repaired as it was no longer possible for the Germans to sail her to a major port. (en)
- Operacja Paravane – atak powietrzny dokonany przez samoloty RAF Bomber Command 15 września 1944 roku przeciw niemieckiemu pancernikowi „Tirpitz” stacjonującemu w fiordach północnej Norwegii. W opinii Admiralicji i premiera Churchilla „Tirpitz” stanowił ogromne zagrożenie dla konwojów arktycznych, za pomocą których zaopatrywano w materiały wojenne sojuszniczy Związek Radziecki. Korzystając z międzylądowania na radzieckim lotnisku w pobliżu Archangielska dwa dywizjony ciężkich bombowców dokonały nalotu. Jedyna bomba, która trafiła okręt, spowodowała tak rozległe uszkodzenia, że Niemcy zmuszeni byli przeholować „Tirpitza” na południe, w pobliże Tromsø, gdzie osadzono go na mieliźnie jako nieruchomą baterię obrony wybrzeża i gdzie ostatecznie został zatopiony w trakcie operacji Catechism kilka (pl)
- Opération Paravane (fr)
- パラヴェーン作戦 (ja)
- Operation Paravane (en)
- Operacja Paravane (pl)
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