Quenya grammar (original) (raw)
Quenya is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his fictional universe, Middle-earth. Here is presented a resume of the grammatical rules of late Quenya as established from Tolkien's writings c. 1951–1973. It is almost impossible to extrapolate the morphological rules of the Quenya tongue from published data because Quenya is a fictional and irregular language that was heavily influenced by natural languages, such as Finnish and Latin, not an international auxiliary language with a regular morphology.
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| dbo:abstract | Quenya is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his fictional universe, Middle-earth. Here is presented a resume of the grammatical rules of late Quenya as established from Tolkien's writings c. 1951–1973. It is almost impossible to extrapolate the morphological rules of the Quenya tongue from published data because Quenya is a fictional and irregular language that was heavily influenced by natural languages, such as Finnish and Latin, not an international auxiliary language with a regular morphology. Tolkien wrote several synchronic grammars of Quenya, but only one has been published in full: The Early Qenya Grammar. Apart from that, he wrote several diachronic studies of Quenya and its proto-language Common Eldarin, three of which have been published: The Qenyaqetsa (dealing with early Qenya or Eldarissa), the Outline of Phonetic Development, and the Outline of Phonology. Late Quenya is a highly inflected language, in which nouns have ten cases and there is a rather regular inflection of verbs. Although the word order is highly flexible, the usual structure is subject–verb–object. (en) La grammatica della lingua quenya è la grammatica della lingua fittizia, denominata quenya, ideata dallo scrittore inglese nonché glossopoeta J.R.R. Tolkien per il mondo fittizio di Arda e parlata dai popoli elfici denominati Noldor e Vanyar.La lingua, nella visione tolkeniana, sarebbe stata sviluppata sulla base di un linguaggio più antico, denominato Eldarin comune, dal quale si sarebbero poi sviluppate anche le altre favelle "elfiche" con le quali la lingua in questione condivide buona parte del vocabolario e della grammatica. Tuttavia, ben presto per vari motivi la lingua tese a scomparire in favore del Sindarin, rimanendo, a differenza di quest'ultima che era il vernacolo di tutti gli elfi, confinata ad un ambito più aulico e letterario.Il linguaggio prende spunto da un punto di vista fonetico soprattutto dal latino, dall'italiano e dallo spagnolo. La morfologia e la sintassi invece sono ispirate al finnico, dal quale proviene anche buona parte dei vocaboli, e al greco antico. Tuttavia la grammatica della lingua è per lo più il risultato del lavoro di vari studiosi che, basando i loro studi su varie considerazioni, sui testi ritrovati e su alcune liste di vocaboli e annotazioni lasciate da Tolkien nei suoi vari manoscritti e pubblicazioni sono riusciti a creare una versione "formale" quasi completa della lingua. (it) Vår kunskap om Quenyas grammatik bygger på studier av de texter som J.R.R. Tolkien skrev under sin livstid. Dessa texter är ofta motsägelsefulla eftersom Tolkien ändrade uppfattning om språket efter hand som han utvecklade det. Det finns dessutom stora luckor i våra kunskaper om grammatiken eftersom de beskrivningar Tolkien efterlämnade inte är heltäckande och dessutom reflekterar den rådande uppfattningen om språket när de skrevs. Många som studerar quenya väljer att fokusera på Tolkiens bild av grammatiken vid tillkomsten för Ringarnas herre och därefter. Även inom denna tidsperiod finns dock luckor samt smärre motsägelser och frågetecken. Nedanstående beskrivning är för närvarande delvis baserad på analogibildningar och gissningar. Tolkiens efterlämnade texter ger en mer komplex, och inte lika fullständig, bild av quenyas grammatik. (sv) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.eldalamberon.com/index1.html http://www.elvish.org/ http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie http://www.elvish.org/VT https://groups.yahoo.com/group/Lambengolmor/ http://www.mythsoc.org/ |
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| rdfs:comment | Quenya is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his fictional universe, Middle-earth. Here is presented a resume of the grammatical rules of late Quenya as established from Tolkien's writings c. 1951–1973. It is almost impossible to extrapolate the morphological rules of the Quenya tongue from published data because Quenya is a fictional and irregular language that was heavily influenced by natural languages, such as Finnish and Latin, not an international auxiliary language with a regular morphology. (en) La grammatica della lingua quenya è la grammatica della lingua fittizia, denominata quenya, ideata dallo scrittore inglese nonché glossopoeta J.R.R. Tolkien per il mondo fittizio di Arda e parlata dai popoli elfici denominati Noldor e Vanyar.La lingua, nella visione tolkeniana, sarebbe stata sviluppata sulla base di un linguaggio più antico, denominato Eldarin comune, dal quale si sarebbero poi sviluppate anche le altre favelle "elfiche" con le quali la lingua in questione condivide buona parte del vocabolario e della grammatica. Tuttavia, ben presto per vari motivi la lingua tese a scomparire in favore del Sindarin, rimanendo, a differenza di quest'ultima che era il vernacolo di tutti gli elfi, confinata ad un ambito più aulico e letterario.Il linguaggio prende spunto da un punto di vista (it) Vår kunskap om Quenyas grammatik bygger på studier av de texter som J.R.R. Tolkien skrev under sin livstid. Dessa texter är ofta motsägelsefulla eftersom Tolkien ändrade uppfattning om språket efter hand som han utvecklade det. Det finns dessutom stora luckor i våra kunskaper om grammatiken eftersom de beskrivningar Tolkien efterlämnade inte är heltäckande och dessutom reflekterar den rådande uppfattningen om språket när de skrevs. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Grammatica della lingua quenya (it) Quenya grammar (en) Quenyas grammatik (sv) |
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