Railroad switch (original) (raw)
Un canvi d'agulles, en el llenguatge corrent és un aparell de via que serveix per a fer canviar un tren de via. Aquest aparell s'acostuma a anomenar simplement "agulla" per part del personal ferroviari. De forma més general, el canvi d'agulla atribueix una direcció a un tren.
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| dbo:abstract | Un canvi d'agulles, en el llenguatge corrent és un aparell de via que serveix per a fer canviar un tren de via. Aquest aparell s'acostuma a anomenar simplement "agulla" per part del personal ferroviari. De forma més general, el canvi d'agulla atribueix una direcció a un tren. (ca) Výhybka (dříve se užíval termín „veksl“ (vexl) z něm. Wechsel výměna, změna; výhybka) je drážní zařízení v místě, kde se dráhy (např. koleje) rozcházejí nebo sbíhají. Umožňuje jízdu vozidla (případně vedení kladky) do příslušného směru. Kolejová výhybka je součástí železničního svršku nebo svršku tramvajové, lanové, důlní či jiné dráhy. Trolejová výhybka je součástí trolejového vedení pro tyčové sběrače, které se používají na trolejbusových a některých tramvajových drahách. O výhybce lze mluvit i např. u různých druhů dopravníků, potrubní pošty aj. (cs) Eine Weiche ist die Gleiskonstruktion einer Bahn, die Schienenfahrzeugen den Übergang von einem Gleis auf ein anderes ohne Fahrtunterbrechung ermöglicht. Veraltet, sowie im Bergbau, wird sie auch Wechsel genannt. In Abgrenzung zur Luftweiche in einer Obus-Oberleitung und zur Magnetschwebebahn-Weiche heißt sie ausführlicher Gleisweiche. Eine (Gleis-)Weiche steht damit im Gegensatz zur Nutzung einer Schiebebühne, einer Drehscheibe oder ähnlicher Vorrichtungen, die zum Gleiswechsel eine Fahrtunterbrechung erfordern. (de) Trakforko estas instalaĵo en fervoja trako, kiu ebligas al trajno debranĉiĝi de la linio. Laŭ la manipula forto ekzistas tri tipoj de forkoj: * manaj trakforkoj, manipulataj de homo per levumilo; la levumilo povas esti apuda aŭ efiki defore per ŝnuroj; * elektromekanikaj trakforkoj, kiujn movas elektra motoro; * oleodinamikaj (hidraŭlikaj) trakforkoj, kiujn movas premita oleo. Ĉe ordinara trakforko la eksteraj reloj (la dekstra de la dekstra branĉo kaj la maldekstra de la maldekstra) estas seninterrompaj kaj fiksaj; la internaj estas moveblaj kaj havas breĉon por permesi al la internaj radoj kruci la neuzatan relon. La du moveblaj reloj estas ligitaj kaj moviĝas kune; aŭ unu aŭ la alia alpremiĝas al ekstera relo por direkti la radojn en la dezirata direkto. Trakforkoj ebligas nur limigitan rapidon; tiu dependas de du faktoj: * Almenaŭ unu el la du vojoj de trakforko devas esti kurba, kaj la kurbeco limigas la rapidon. Ju pli granda estas la kurboradiuso, des pli repida povas esti la trajnoj, sed des pli longaj (kaj kostaj) devas esti la trakforkoj. La maksimuma rapido por la nekurba vojo (se tia ekzistas) ordinare estas pli alta. * La breĉoj en la internaj reloj puŝas la radojn kaj portas la riskon, ke rado dereliĝu. Por eviti tion ekzistas gvidaj relpecoj, kiuj premas la alian radon al ĝia relo. Sed tiu mekanismo eltenas nur certan maksimuman rapidon. Trakforkoj por tre altaj rapidoj bezonas duan moveblan parton, kiu fermas po unu el la breĉoj. Ekzistas trakforkoj kun kvar moveblaj partoj, kiuj ĉe kruciĝo de trakoj ebligas el ajna direkto la elekton inter du vojoj. Malgraŭ kvar moveblaj partoj ili havas nur du poziciojn: krucan (la du eblaj vojoj interkruciĝas) kaj tanĝan (ili tanĝas unu la alian). (eo) Un desvío o cambio de agujas es un aparato de vía que permite a los trenes cambiar de una vía a otra. Puede ser derecho o izquierdo, según sea su ubicación en relación con un observador situado entre las agujas del cambio y mirando hacia el cruzamiento. Se componen de unas agujas (raíles móviles) que se apoyan en su respectiva contraaguja (raíl fijo) y que están unidas al rail mediante una soldadura o uniones atornilladas, dependiendo el tipo de desvío, dejando una parte del patín suprimido para permitir la flexibilidad necesaria para moverse y acoplar o desacoplar la punta de la aguja sobre la contraaguja. A su vez, la cabeza de la aguja está mecanizada para permitir el adecuado acoplamiento. (es) Wesel (dari bahasa Belanda wissel) adalah konstruksi rel kereta api yang bercabang (bersimpangan) tempat memindahkan jurusan jalan kereta api. Wesel terdiri dari sepasang rel yang ujungnya diruncingkan sehingga dapat melancarkan perpindahan kereta api dari jalur yang satu ke jalur yang lain dengan menggeser bagian rel yang runcing. Jenis wesel terdiri dari wesel biasa yang mengarahkan kereta api menuju dua arah saja (lurus atau belok kanan/kiri) dan wesel inggris yang mengarahkan kereta api menuju ke segala arah (lebih dari dua arah). (in) A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or [set of] points (BE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off. The most common type of switch consists of a pair of linked tapering rails, known as points (switch rails or point blades), lying between the diverging outer rails (the stock rails). These points can be moved laterally into one of two positions to direct a train coming from the point blades toward the straight path or the diverging path. A train moving from the narrow end toward the point blades (i.e. it will be directed to one of the two paths, depending on the position of the points) is said to be executing a facing-point movement. For many types of switch, a train coming from either of the converging directions will pass through the switch regardless of the position of the points, as the vehicle's wheels will force the points to move. Passage through a switch in this direction is known as a trailing-point movement and switches that allow this type of movement are called trailable switches. A switch generally has a straight "through" track (such as the main-line) and a diverging route. The handedness of the installation is described by the side that the diverging track leaves. Right-hand switches have a diverging path to the right of the straight track, when coming from the point blades, and a left-handed switch has the diverging track leaving to the opposite side. In many cases, such as rail yards, many switches can be found in a short section of track, sometimes with switches going both to the right and left (although it is better to keep these separated as much as feasible). Sometimes a switch merely divides one track into two; at others, it serves as a connection between two or more parallel tracks, allowing a train to switch between them. In many cases, where a switch is supplied to leave a track, a second is supplied to allow the train to reenter the track some distance down the line; this allows the track to serve as a siding, allowing a train to get off the track to allow traffic to pass (this siding can either be a dedicated short length of track, or formed from a section of a second, continuous, parallel line), and also allows trains coming from either direction to switch between lines; otherwise, the only way for a train coming from the opposite direction to use a switch would be to stop, and reverse through the switch onto the other line, and then continue forwards (or stop, if it is being used as a siding). A straight track is not always present; for example, both tracks may curve, one to the left and one to the right (such as for a wye switch), or both tracks may curve, with differing radii, while still in the same direction. (en) Un aiguillage, dans le langage courant, est un appareil de voie servant à faire changer de voie un train. Dans les compagnies de chemins de fer francophones, cet appareil est couramment appelé aiguille par le personnel. Plus généralement, l'aiguillage est le fait d'aiguiller un train, c'est-à-dire lui attribuer une direction. Le principe de l'aiguillage repose sur la forme des roues des trains : c'est le boudin, sur sa partie intérieure, qui assure le guidage dans les appareils de voie au niveau des lames et le contre-rail au niveau du coeur. (fr) Il deviatoio, comunemente noto come scambio, è un dispositivo ferroviario che congiunge due o più binari permettendo al materiale rotabile di passare dall'uno all'altro, deviandone o meno la corsa. Le sue componenti si possono distinguere in cambiamento, che è la parte che consente al materiale rotabile di cambiare la via percorsa, e incrociamento, che è la parte che consente ai bordini delle ruote di attraversare la rotaia che non verrà percorsa. I deviatoi possono essere classificati per geometria (in particolare in funzione del raggio del ramo deviato e della tangente), per tipologia, o per tipo di azionamento. Presente nell'infrastruttura ferroviaria fin dalla sua origine, il tipo di deviatoio di uso generale è quello detto ad aghi mobili, introdotto poco prima del 1882 dall'ingegnere tedesco naturalizzato statunitense William (nato Wilhelm) Lorenz (Osnabrück 1826-Reading (Pennsylvania) o Filadelfia (Pennsylvania) 1884), all'epoca ingegnere capo della società Philadelphia and Reading Railroad (it) 分岐器（ぶんきき、ぶんぎき、英: railroad switch, turnout）とは、鉄道の線路において線路を分岐させ、列車又は車両の進路を選択する機構。アメリカ英語での正式名称は、ターンアウトスイッチ。アメリカでは、分岐器のうち、進路を転換する部分のことをポイント（point）という。 (ja) 분기기(分岐器, 영어: railroad switch)는 열차나 차량을 한 궤도에서 다른 궤도로 이동시키기 위하여 궤도상에 설치한 설비를 말한다. (ko) Een wissel is een installatie in een spoorweg om een trein, metro of tram naar een ander spoor te leiden. Het woordgeslacht van wissel is mannelijk. Het Vlaams spoorjargon volgt dat en daar zegt men dus de wissel, maar in het Nederlands spoorjargon zegt men het wissel. (nl) Rozjazd – konstrukcja z szyn umożliwiająca przejazd pojazdów szynowych z na (odgałęźny) lub odwrotnie z określoną prędkością bez konieczności przerwania jazdy. (pl) Стрелочный перевод — это наиболее широко распространённое устройство соединения путей, которое предназначено для перевода подвижного состава с одного пути на другой. Другими словами, стрелочный перевод позволяет подвижному составу переходить с главного пути на один (или более) примыкающий путь. Для соединения недалеко расположенных рельсовых путей устраивается съезд, который состоит из двух стрелочных переводов и соединительного пути (несокращённый или сокращенный) между ними. Для перехода с одного пути на другой поездов, движущихся в разных направлениях, укладывается последовательно два съезда, а при определённых условиях — перекрёстный съезд. При соединении нескольких параллельных путей стрелочные переводы располагают друг за другом на одном общем пути, который получил название стрелочной улицы. Глухим пересечением называется взаимное пересечение двух рельсовых путей, лежащих на одном уровне. В зависимости от угла, под которым пересекаются пути, бывают прямоугольные и косоугольные. При ремонте земляного полотна под одним из путей, при переходе двухпутной линии через однопутный мост и в некоторых аналогичных случаях поезда движутся по каждому пути без перехода с одной рельсовой колеи на другую — применяется сплетение путей. (ru) Um aparelho de mudança de via, abreviadamente designado por AMV, é um equipamento usado para permitir ao material circulante transitar de uma linha ferroviária para outra, assegurando a continuidade da via para um determinado caminho. Os AMV são geralmente divididos em três grandes partes, as grades: * Grade da ; * Grade intermédia; * Grade da agulha. Os AMV são constituídos por centenas de componentes, sendo os mais importantes os seguintes: * carris (português europeu) ou trilhos (português brasileiro) são perfis de ; * Travessas (português europeu) ou dormentes (português brasileiro), de comprimentos variáveis, que solidarizam os carris; * , é a peça monobloco, ou composta de perfis de carris, onde é feita a separação da via direta da via desviada dos AMV. Tem forma de bico triangular; * Lanças, que são lâminas de carril, com espessura largura mínima numa extremidade e com a largura normal dos carris na outra extremidade. As lanças são as partes móveis dos AMV, e são elas que asseguram a continuidade da via para os dois ou mais caminhos ligados num AMV; * Agulha é o mecanismo, manual ou motorizado, que permite mover as lanças. Os AMV são identificados, para além do seu tipo, pelo valor da tangente do ângulo de abertura entre a via directa e a via desviada, a que corresponde também o ângulo da . É costume popular designar um AMV por agulha; no entanto a agulha apenas corresponde ao mecanismo que permite mover as lanças e definir o caminho de seguimento. (pt) En järnvägsväxel eller spårväxel är en mekanisk anordning för förgrening av järnvägsspår. (sv) 轉轍器(英式英文：Point、美式英文：Switch、日文:ポイント或転てつ器)是用来轉換道岔進路方向的機構。(主条目：鐵路軌道) 當列車欲轉換股道進入車站或調車場時，在軌道上必須有特殊佈置，以引導車輪輪緣順利通過，進入所指定的軌道，此軌道佈置稱為轉轍器和轍叉。或直接稱道岔 描述一組轉轍器時通常是包含兩根基本軌、兩根尖軌和軌距拉桿，扣件、頂鐵及限位器(間隔鐵)，一排岔枕及滑床板。廣義會將轉轍機械及連接桿還有轉轍器標誌包括進來，共同歸算為號誌的養護設備。 道岔(Turnout)在裝配時係將轉轍器部分、轍叉(Crossing or Frog)及護軌部分和連接部分各自組裝，再用焊接或魚尾板(fish plate)接合而成。關於道岔與轉轍器在外文的鐵路工程學中有正確地解說。 轉轍機械常見的有人工扳轉的附號誌轉轍閘柄、附重錘轉轍閘柄及附電鎖器轉轍閘柄(point Lever、Switch Stand )，電傳動的稱為電動轉轍機(Electric Switch Machine)。 轉轍器標誌通常附有轉轍器標誌燈，用以指示轉轍器尖軌靠密的進路(定位或反位)，依功能名稱有普通轉轍器標誌、彈簧轉轍器標誌、遷移(乘越、脫軌)轉轍器標誌三種。 (zh) Стрі́лочний перевід — пристрій, що служить для переведення рухомого складу з однієї колії на іншу. Стрілочні переводи складаються із стрілок, хрестовин і сполучних колій між ними. Хрестовини можуть бути з нерухомим або рухомим осердям. Переводи розподіляються таким чином: * за наявністю рухомих пір'їн (вістряків) — на перевідні й глухі; * за виглядом осьових схем — на односторонні (праві, ліві) і симетричні; * за типом перевідного механізму — на ручні, пружинні і керовані приводом. (uk) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/industry/asset-standards-authority/find-a-standard/53kg-diamond-crossing-1-825-pandrol-plated http://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/switches.html |
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| dbp:align | left (en) |
| dbp:date | February 2019 (en) |
| dbp:direction | horizontal (en) |
| dbp:footer | Interlaced turnouts on the elevated Chicago "L" north and southbound Purple and Brown lines intersecting with east and westbound Pink and Green lines and the looping Orange line above the Wells and Lake street intersection in The Loop. (en) |
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| dbp:header | Chicago Transit Authority switch tower 18 interlaced turnout (en) |
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| dbp:image | CTA loop junction.jpg (en) Tower18NorthboundWellsPinkLine.jpg (en) |
| dbp:reason | Is that "recent like since 1950 or recent like since 2015? (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Installation |
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| rdfs:comment | Un canvi d'agulles, en el llenguatge corrent és un aparell de via que serveix per a fer canviar un tren de via. Aquest aparell s'acostuma a anomenar simplement "agulla" per part del personal ferroviari. De forma més general, el canvi d'agulla atribueix una direcció a un tren. (ca) Výhybka (dříve se užíval termín „veksl“ (vexl) z něm. Wechsel výměna, změna; výhybka) je drážní zařízení v místě, kde se dráhy (např. koleje) rozcházejí nebo sbíhají. Umožňuje jízdu vozidla (případně vedení kladky) do příslušného směru. Kolejová výhybka je součástí železničního svršku nebo svršku tramvajové, lanové, důlní či jiné dráhy. Trolejová výhybka je součástí trolejového vedení pro tyčové sběrače, které se používají na trolejbusových a některých tramvajových drahách. O výhybce lze mluvit i např. u různých druhů dopravníků, potrubní pošty aj. (cs) Eine Weiche ist die Gleiskonstruktion einer Bahn, die Schienenfahrzeugen den Übergang von einem Gleis auf ein anderes ohne Fahrtunterbrechung ermöglicht. Veraltet, sowie im Bergbau, wird sie auch Wechsel genannt. In Abgrenzung zur Luftweiche in einer Obus-Oberleitung und zur Magnetschwebebahn-Weiche heißt sie ausführlicher Gleisweiche. Eine (Gleis-)Weiche steht damit im Gegensatz zur Nutzung einer Schiebebühne, einer Drehscheibe oder ähnlicher Vorrichtungen, die zum Gleiswechsel eine Fahrtunterbrechung erfordern. (de) Un desvío o cambio de agujas es un aparato de vía que permite a los trenes cambiar de una vía a otra. Puede ser derecho o izquierdo, según sea su ubicación en relación con un observador situado entre las agujas del cambio y mirando hacia el cruzamiento. Se componen de unas agujas (raíles móviles) que se apoyan en su respectiva contraaguja (raíl fijo) y que están unidas al rail mediante una soldadura o uniones atornilladas, dependiendo el tipo de desvío, dejando una parte del patín suprimido para permitir la flexibilidad necesaria para moverse y acoplar o desacoplar la punta de la aguja sobre la contraaguja. A su vez, la cabeza de la aguja está mecanizada para permitir el adecuado acoplamiento. (es) Wesel (dari bahasa Belanda wissel) adalah konstruksi rel kereta api yang bercabang (bersimpangan) tempat memindahkan jurusan jalan kereta api. Wesel terdiri dari sepasang rel yang ujungnya diruncingkan sehingga dapat melancarkan perpindahan kereta api dari jalur yang satu ke jalur yang lain dengan menggeser bagian rel yang runcing. Jenis wesel terdiri dari wesel biasa yang mengarahkan kereta api menuju dua arah saja (lurus atau belok kanan/kiri) dan wesel inggris yang mengarahkan kereta api menuju ke segala arah (lebih dari dua arah). (in) Un aiguillage, dans le langage courant, est un appareil de voie servant à faire changer de voie un train. Dans les compagnies de chemins de fer francophones, cet appareil est couramment appelé aiguille par le personnel. Plus généralement, l'aiguillage est le fait d'aiguiller un train, c'est-à-dire lui attribuer une direction. Le principe de l'aiguillage repose sur la forme des roues des trains : c'est le boudin, sur sa partie intérieure, qui assure le guidage dans les appareils de voie au niveau des lames et le contre-rail au niveau du coeur. (fr) 分岐器（ぶんきき、ぶんぎき、英: railroad switch, turnout）とは、鉄道の線路において線路を分岐させ、列車又は車両の進路を選択する機構。アメリカ英語での正式名称は、ターンアウトスイッチ。アメリカでは、分岐器のうち、進路を転換する部分のことをポイント（point）という。 (ja) 분기기(分岐器, 영어: railroad switch)는 열차나 차량을 한 궤도에서 다른 궤도로 이동시키기 위하여 궤도상에 설치한 설비를 말한다. (ko) Een wissel is een installatie in een spoorweg om een trein, metro of tram naar een ander spoor te leiden. Het woordgeslacht van wissel is mannelijk. Het Vlaams spoorjargon volgt dat en daar zegt men dus de wissel, maar in het Nederlands spoorjargon zegt men het wissel. (nl) Rozjazd – konstrukcja z szyn umożliwiająca przejazd pojazdów szynowych z na (odgałęźny) lub odwrotnie z określoną prędkością bez konieczności przerwania jazdy. (pl) En järnvägsväxel eller spårväxel är en mekanisk anordning för förgrening av järnvägsspår. (sv) 轉轍器(英式英文：Point、美式英文：Switch、日文:ポイント或転てつ器)是用来轉換道岔進路方向的機構。(主条目：鐵路軌道) 當列車欲轉換股道進入車站或調車場時，在軌道上必須有特殊佈置，以引導車輪輪緣順利通過，進入所指定的軌道，此軌道佈置稱為轉轍器和轍叉。或直接稱道岔 描述一組轉轍器時通常是包含兩根基本軌、兩根尖軌和軌距拉桿，扣件、頂鐵及限位器(間隔鐵)，一排岔枕及滑床板。廣義會將轉轍機械及連接桿還有轉轍器標誌包括進來，共同歸算為號誌的養護設備。 道岔(Turnout)在裝配時係將轉轍器部分、轍叉(Crossing or Frog)及護軌部分和連接部分各自組裝，再用焊接或魚尾板(fish plate)接合而成。關於道岔與轉轍器在外文的鐵路工程學中有正確地解說。 轉轍機械常見的有人工扳轉的附號誌轉轍閘柄、附重錘轉轍閘柄及附電鎖器轉轍閘柄(point Lever、Switch Stand )，電傳動的稱為電動轉轍機(Electric Switch Machine)。 轉轍器標誌通常附有轉轍器標誌燈，用以指示轉轍器尖軌靠密的進路(定位或反位)，依功能名稱有普通轉轍器標誌、彈簧轉轍器標誌、遷移(乘越、脫軌)轉轍器標誌三種。 (zh) Стрі́лочний перевід — пристрій, що служить для переведення рухомого складу з однієї колії на іншу. Стрілочні переводи складаються із стрілок, хрестовин і сполучних колій між ними. Хрестовини можуть бути з нерухомим або рухомим осердям. Переводи розподіляються таким чином: * за наявністю рухомих пір'їн (вістряків) — на перевідні й глухі; * за виглядом осьових схем — на односторонні (праві, ліві) і симетричні; * за типом перевідного механізму — на ручні, пружинні і керовані приводом. (uk) Trakforko estas instalaĵo en fervoja trako, kiu ebligas al trajno debranĉiĝi de la linio. Laŭ la manipula forto ekzistas tri tipoj de forkoj: * manaj trakforkoj, manipulataj de homo per levumilo; la levumilo povas esti apuda aŭ efiki defore per ŝnuroj; * elektromekanikaj trakforkoj, kiujn movas elektra motoro; * oleodinamikaj (hidraŭlikaj) trakforkoj, kiujn movas premita oleo. Trakforkoj ebligas nur limigitan rapidon; tiu dependas de du faktoj: (eo) A railroad switch (AE), turnout, or [set of] points (BE) is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such as at a railway junction or where a spur or siding branches off. For many types of switch, a train coming from either of the converging directions will pass through the switch regardless of the position of the points, as the vehicle's wheels will force the points to move. Passage through a switch in this direction is known as a trailing-point movement and switches that allow this type of movement are called trailable switches. (en) Il deviatoio, comunemente noto come scambio, è un dispositivo ferroviario che congiunge due o più binari permettendo al materiale rotabile di passare dall'uno all'altro, deviandone o meno la corsa. Le sue componenti si possono distinguere in cambiamento, che è la parte che consente al materiale rotabile di cambiare la via percorsa, e incrociamento, che è la parte che consente ai bordini delle ruote di attraversare la rotaia che non verrà percorsa. (it) Um aparelho de mudança de via, abreviadamente designado por AMV, é um equipamento usado para permitir ao material circulante transitar de uma linha ferroviária para outra, assegurando a continuidade da via para um determinado caminho. Os AMV são geralmente divididos em três grandes partes, as grades: * Grade da ; * Grade intermédia; * Grade da agulha. Os AMV são constituídos por centenas de componentes, sendo os mais importantes os seguintes: (pt) Стрелочный перевод — это наиболее широко распространённое устройство соединения путей, которое предназначено для перевода подвижного состава с одного пути на другой. Другими словами, стрелочный перевод позволяет подвижному составу переходить с главного пути на один (или более) примыкающий путь. При соединении нескольких параллельных путей стрелочные переводы располагают друг за другом на одном общем пути, который получил название стрелочной улицы. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Canvi d'agulles (ca) Výhybka (cs) Weiche (Bahn) (de) Trakforko (eo) Desvío (ferrocarril) (es) Wesel (in) Aiguillage (fr) Deviatoio (it) 分岐器 (ja) 분기기 (ko) Wissel (spoorweg) (nl) Rozjazd (pl) Railroad switch (en) Стрелочный перевод (ru) Aparelho de mudança de via (pt) Järnvägsväxel (sv) Стрілочний перевід (uk) 轉轍器 (zh) |
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| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Toronto_streetcar_system |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Railroad_switch |
