Ralph Abernathy (original) (raw)
Ralph David Abernathy [ˈæbɚnæθɪ] (* 11. März 1926 in , Alabama; † 17. April 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia) war ein US-amerikanischer Bürgerrechtler sowie baptistischer Geistlicher. Ab 1955 nahm er, bald als enger Freund von Martin Luther King, jr., an der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zur Gleichberechtigung von Afroamerikanern (Civil rights movement) teil.
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| dbo:abstract | رالف ديفيد أبرناثي (بالإنجليزية: Ralph Abernathy) (11 مارس 1926 - 17 أبريل 1990) كان ناشطا أمريكيا في مجال الحقوق المدنية ووزير مسيحي. كان رالف زعيم لحركة الحقوق المدنية اللاعنفية، كان صديقًا مقربًا ومرشدًا لمارتن لوثر كينغ. تعاون مع مارتن لإنشاء جمعية تطوير مونتغمري التي أدت إلى مقاطعة حافلات مونتغومري. شارك في تأسيس مؤتمر القيادة المسيحية الجنوبية وأصبح عضو مجلس إدارتها. أصبح رئيسًا لقيادة مؤتمر القيادة المسيحية الجنوبية عقب اغتيال مارتن لوثر عام 1968، حيث قاد حملة الشعب الفقير في واشنطن العاصمة، شملت الحملة مسيرات ومظاهرات للأمريكيين المحرومين من حقوقهم. كما شغل منصب عضو في اللجنة الاستشارية في المؤتمر المعني بالمساواة العرقية. في عام 1971 خاطب أبرناثي الأمم المتحدة حول السلام العالمي. كما ساعد في التوسط في صفقة بين مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي والمتظاهرين الهنود خلال حادث جرح الركبة في عام 1973. تقاعد من منصبه كرئيس للجنة القيادة المسيحية في عام 1977 وأصبح رئيسًا فخريًا. في تلك السنة فشل في الترشح لمجلس النواب الأمريكي في الدائرة الخامسة في جورجيا. وفي وقت لاحق أسس مؤسسة تطوير المؤسسات الاقتصادية، وشهد أمام الكونغرس الأمريكي تأييدًا لتوسيع قانون حقوق التصويت عام 1982. في عام 1989 ألف أبيرناثي كتابه وتعود الجدران إلى أسفل، وهي سيرة ذاتية مثيرة للجدل حول تاريخه مع كينغ في حركة الحقوق المدنية. سخر من الكشف في كتابه عن خيانة مارتن لوثر كينج المزعومة. أصبح أبيرناثي في النهاية أقل نشاطًا في السياسة وعاد إلى عمله كوزير. توفي بمرض القلب في 17 أبريل 1990. وقد تم نقش كلمة «حاولت» على قبره. (ar) Ralph David Abernathy [ˈæbɚnæθɪ] (* 11. März 1926 in , Alabama; † 17. April 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia) war ein US-amerikanischer Bürgerrechtler sowie baptistischer Geistlicher. Ab 1955 nahm er, bald als enger Freund von Martin Luther King, jr., an der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zur Gleichberechtigung von Afroamerikanern (Civil rights movement) teil. (de) Ralph David Abernathy, Sr. (Linden, Alabama, Ameriketako Estatu Batuak, 1926ko martxoaren 11a - Atlanta, Georgia, Ameriketako Estatu Batuak, 1990eko apirilaren 17a) apaiz baptista eta eskubide zibilen aldeko buruzagia izan zen. (eu) Ralph David Abernathy (11 de marzo de 1926, Linden, Alabama - 17 de abril de 1990, Atlanta, Georgia), fue un matemático y líder estadounidense por los derechos civiles de los negros. En 1948 se ordenó pastor bautista y dos años después se licenció en matemáticas en el Alabama State College. Fundó diversas organizaciones dedicadas a lograr la igualdad para la población negra en Estados Unidos. En 1957, Abernathy y sus colegas Martin Luther King Jr. y Bayard Rustin crearon la Conferencia Sur de Liderazgo Cristiano de la cual King fue presidente y Abernathy su secretario y tesorero. Posteriormente, con el asesinato de King el 4 de abril de 1968 en Memphis, Tennessee, Abernathy le sucedió como presidente de la SCLC continuando su lucha por los derechos civiles de la comunidad negra. En 1968 organizó la huelga de los trabajadores sanitarios de Atlanta y en 1969 la huelga de los trabajadores hospitalarios de Charleston. El 15 de enero de 1969 pronunció un discurso en el Servicio Conmemorativo de Martin Luther King. En 1977 renunció a la presidencia de la SCLC y se presentó a las elecciones para ser elegido congresista, pero no alcanzó tal puesto. En 1989 publicó "Y los muros están comenzando a caer", su autobiografía. Es autor de la famosa frase "Se puede matar al soñador pero no al sueño". Murió de un infarto al corazón. (es) Ralph David Abernathy, né le 11 mars 1926 à Linden dans l'État de l'Alabama et mort le 17 avril 1990 à Atlanta dans l'État de la Géorgie est un pasteur baptiste, un militant politique américain, figure majeure du mouvement des droits civiques et le collaborateur le plus proche de Martin Luther King, il l'a aidé en organisant avec lui le boycott des bus de Montgomery et à la fondation de la Conférence du leadership chrétien du Sud, dont il assure la présidence après l'assassinat de Martin Luther King. (fr) Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was ordained in the Baptist tradition in 1948. As a leader of the civil rights movement, he was a close friend and mentor of Martin Luther King Jr. He collaborated with King and E. D. Nixon to create the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led to the Montgomery bus boycott, and co-created and was an executive board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He became president of the SCLC following the assassination of King in 1968, where he led the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C., among other marches and demonstrations for disenfranchised Americans. He also served as an advisory committee member of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). In 1971, Abernathy addressed the United Nations about world peace. He also assisted in brokering a deal between the FBI and American Indian Movement protestors during the Wounded Knee incident of 1973. He retired from his position as president of the SCLC in 1977 and became president emeritus. Later that year he unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives for the 5th district of Georgia. He later founded the Foundation for Economic Enterprises Development, and he testified before the U.S. Congress in support of extending of the Voting Rights Act in 1982. In 1989, Abernathy wrote And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the civil rights movement. He was ridiculed for statements in the book about King's alleged marital infidelities. Abernathy eventually became less active in politics and returned to his work as a minister. He died of heart disease on April 17, 1990. His tombstone is engraved with the words "I tried". (en) Ralph D Abernathy Sr (11 Maret 1926 – 17 April 1990) adalah Pendeta Gereka Baptist yang menjadi salah satu pendiri Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) dan penasihat terdekat Martin Luther King Jr. Ralph D Abernathy adalah seorang pejuang hak-hak sipil Amerika Serikat, bersama dengan Martin Luther King, pada era perjuangan hak-hak sipil di Amerika Serikat era tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an. Bersama Martin Luther King, Ralph D Abernathy selama tahun 1955-1956 mengorganisir aksi boikot warga kulit hitam terhadap sistem bus Montgomery yang memicu disegregasi tahun 1956. Aksi damai ini menjadi awal dari pergerakan hak-hak sipil warga Amerika Serikat selama dua dekade yang bertujuan untuk tidak adanya perbedaan perlakuan warga sipil. Pada Januari 1957, rumah dan gereja Ralph D Abernathy pernah dibom, sedangkan bom di rumah Martin Luther gagal meledak. Ledakan bom dilakukan oleh kelompok Ku Klux Klan, kelompok yang mengagungkan supremasi kulit putih, setelah kemenangan aksi boikot terhadap sistem bus di Montgomery. Sebanyak tujuh orang pelaku pengeboman ditangkap pada 30 Januari 1957. Setelah itu, dia bergabung dengan Martin Luther King dan pemimpin Afrika Amerika lainnya mendirikan organisasi bernama Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Martin Luther King menjadi pemimpin dan Ralph D Abernathy menjadi sekretaris bendahara SCLC. Kemudian, setelah Martin Luther King terbunuh, Ralph D Abernathy maju menggantikan Martin Luther King sebagai pemimpin SCLC. (in) Ralph David Abernathy (Linden, 11 marzo 1926 – Atlanta, 17 aprile 1990) è stato un attivista statunitense leader attivista per i diritti civili della comunità afroamericana. (it) 랠프 데이비드 애버내시(Ralph David Abernathy, 1926년 3월 11일 ~ 1990년 4월 17일)는 미국의 아프리카계 침례교 목사이자 인권 운동가이다. 랠프와 그의 부인 주아니타는 또다른 젊은 침례교 목사 마틴 루터 킹 주니어와 코레타 스콧 킹 부부와 만나 친구가 되었다. 이 두 부부들은 만찬을 함께 하고, 아이디어들을 논의하고, 영감과 우정을 나누면서 많은 저녁 시간들을 나누었다. 최후적으로 계획들은 이 두 사람에 의하여 시작된 비폭력 공민권 운동을 위하여 제출되어 킹 목사에 의하여 지도되었다. 애버내시와 킹은 친구, 파트너와 동료들의 최고였다. 그들은 로자 파크스의 체포에 이어 가장 유명한 몽고메리 버스 보이콧, 그리고 남부에서 짐 크로우 법과 미국을 통하여 인종 차별에 대항하는 많은 행렬과 항의들을 시작하였다. 그들은 자신들의 평화로운 항의들로 이어진 체포들에 이어 많은 감옥 살이를 나누었다. 애버내시는 테네시주 멤피스에서 암살범의 총탄에 의하여 킹의 일생이 짧아질 때 그의 뒤로 몇 보폭 만에 있었다. 킹의 사망에 이어 애버내시는 둘이 함께 창립한 남부기독교지도회의를 지도하러 갔다. (ko) Ralph David Abernathy (Linden (Alabama), 11 maart 1926 - Atlanta, 17 april 1990) was een leider van de Amerikaanse burgerrechtenbeweging. (nl) Ralph David Abernathy (ur. 11 marca 1926 w Linden, zm. 17 kwietnia 1990 w Atlancie) – amerykański pastor, współzałożyciel (a później przewodniczący) Konferencji Przywódców Chrześcijańskich Południa. Bliski współpracownik Martina Lutera Kinga. (pl) Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (Linden, 11 de março de 1926 - Atlanta, 17 de abril de 1990) foi um ativista americano dos direitos civis e ministro batista. Ele foi ordenado na tradição batista em 1948. Como líder do Movimento dos Direitos Civis, ele era um amigo íntimo e mentor de Martin Luther King Jr.. Ele colaborou com King para criar a Associação de Aperfeiçoamento de Montgomery, que organizou o boicote aos ônibus de Montgomery. Ele também foi co-fundador e membro do conselho executivo da Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Ele se tornou presidente do SCLC após o assassinato de King em 1968, onde liderou a Campanha do Povo em Washington, DC, entre outras marchas e manifestações para americanos desprivilegiados. Ele também atuou como membro do comitê consultivo do Congresso sobre Igualdade Racial (CORE). Em 1971, Abernathy falou às Nações Unidas sobre a paz mundial. Ele também ajudou na intermediação de um acordo entre o FBI e os manifestantes indianos durante o incidente no joelho ferido de 1973. Aposentou-se do cargo de presidente do SCLC em 1977 e tornou-se presidente emérito. Naquele ano, ele concorreu à Câmara dos Deputados dos EUA para o 5º distrito da Geórgia. Mais tarde, ele fundou a Fundação para o Desenvolvimento de Empresas Econômicas e testemunhou perante o Congresso dos EUA em apoio à extensão da Lei de Direitos de Voto em 1982. Em 1989, Abernathy escreveu And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, uma autobiografia controversa sobre o envolvimento dele e de King no Movimento dos Direitos Civis. Ele foi ridicularizado por declarações no livro sobre as supostas infidelidades conjugais de King. Abernathy acabou se tornando menos ativo na política e voltou ao seu trabalho como ministro. Ele morreu de doença cardíaca em 17 de abril de 1990. Sua lápide está gravada com as palavras "eu tentei". (pt) Ralph Abernathy, född 11 mars 1926 i Linden, Alabama, död 17 april 1990 i Atlanta, Georgia, var en amerikansk svart medborgarrättskämpe. Tillsammans med Martin Luther King grundade han 1957 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Han valdes till ledare för organisationen 1968 efter mordet på Martin Luther King. Abernathy var anhängare till icke-våldsprincipen och anordnade hungermarscher och strejker med avsikt att tvinga fram ekonomisk och social likställdhet. Abernathy lämnade ledarskapet för SCLC 1973. (sv) 拉爾夫·大衛·阿伯內西（英語：Ralph David Abernathy, Sr.，1926年3月11日－1990年4月17日）是非裔美國人民權運動中的一位領袖、馬丁·路德·金的摯友。1955年與金一起發動了聯合抵制蒙哥馬利公車運動，1957年成立（SCLC）。在金遭到刺殺之後，他成為了SCLC的主席。1968年領導了。在死前一年完成了一部關於他自己和金的傳記，此傳記因為記述了金婚後的外遇而引發了激烈爭議。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ralph David Abernathy [ˈæbɚnæθɪ] (* 11. März 1926 in , Alabama; † 17. April 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia) war ein US-amerikanischer Bürgerrechtler sowie baptistischer Geistlicher. Ab 1955 nahm er, bald als enger Freund von Martin Luther King, jr., an der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zur Gleichberechtigung von Afroamerikanern (Civil rights movement) teil. (de) Ralph David Abernathy, Sr. (Linden, Alabama, Ameriketako Estatu Batuak, 1926ko martxoaren 11a - Atlanta, Georgia, Ameriketako Estatu Batuak, 1990eko apirilaren 17a) apaiz baptista eta eskubide zibilen aldeko buruzagia izan zen. (eu) Ralph David Abernathy, né le 11 mars 1926 à Linden dans l'État de l'Alabama et mort le 17 avril 1990 à Atlanta dans l'État de la Géorgie est un pasteur baptiste, un militant politique américain, figure majeure du mouvement des droits civiques et le collaborateur le plus proche de Martin Luther King, il l'a aidé en organisant avec lui le boycott des bus de Montgomery et à la fondation de la Conférence du leadership chrétien du Sud, dont il assure la présidence après l'assassinat de Martin Luther King. (fr) Ralph David Abernathy (Linden, 11 marzo 1926 – Atlanta, 17 aprile 1990) è stato un attivista statunitense leader attivista per i diritti civili della comunità afroamericana. (it) 랠프 데이비드 애버내시(Ralph David Abernathy, 1926년 3월 11일 ~ 1990년 4월 17일)는 미국의 아프리카계 침례교 목사이자 인권 운동가이다. 랠프와 그의 부인 주아니타는 또다른 젊은 침례교 목사 마틴 루터 킹 주니어와 코레타 스콧 킹 부부와 만나 친구가 되었다. 이 두 부부들은 만찬을 함께 하고, 아이디어들을 논의하고, 영감과 우정을 나누면서 많은 저녁 시간들을 나누었다. 최후적으로 계획들은 이 두 사람에 의하여 시작된 비폭력 공민권 운동을 위하여 제출되어 킹 목사에 의하여 지도되었다. 애버내시와 킹은 친구, 파트너와 동료들의 최고였다. 그들은 로자 파크스의 체포에 이어 가장 유명한 몽고메리 버스 보이콧, 그리고 남부에서 짐 크로우 법과 미국을 통하여 인종 차별에 대항하는 많은 행렬과 항의들을 시작하였다. 그들은 자신들의 평화로운 항의들로 이어진 체포들에 이어 많은 감옥 살이를 나누었다. 애버내시는 테네시주 멤피스에서 암살범의 총탄에 의하여 킹의 일생이 짧아질 때 그의 뒤로 몇 보폭 만에 있었다. 킹의 사망에 이어 애버내시는 둘이 함께 창립한 남부기독교지도회의를 지도하러 갔다. (ko) Ralph David Abernathy (Linden (Alabama), 11 maart 1926 - Atlanta, 17 april 1990) was een leider van de Amerikaanse burgerrechtenbeweging. (nl) Ralph David Abernathy (ur. 11 marca 1926 w Linden, zm. 17 kwietnia 1990 w Atlancie) – amerykański pastor, współzałożyciel (a później przewodniczący) Konferencji Przywódców Chrześcijańskich Południa. Bliski współpracownik Martina Lutera Kinga. (pl) Ralph Abernathy, född 11 mars 1926 i Linden, Alabama, död 17 april 1990 i Atlanta, Georgia, var en amerikansk svart medborgarrättskämpe. Tillsammans med Martin Luther King grundade han 1957 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Han valdes till ledare för organisationen 1968 efter mordet på Martin Luther King. Abernathy var anhängare till icke-våldsprincipen och anordnade hungermarscher och strejker med avsikt att tvinga fram ekonomisk och social likställdhet. Abernathy lämnade ledarskapet för SCLC 1973. (sv) 拉爾夫·大衛·阿伯內西（英語：Ralph David Abernathy, Sr.，1926年3月11日－1990年4月17日）是非裔美國人民權運動中的一位領袖、馬丁·路德·金的摯友。1955年與金一起發動了聯合抵制蒙哥馬利公車運動，1957年成立（SCLC）。在金遭到刺殺之後，他成為了SCLC的主席。1968年領導了。在死前一年完成了一部關於他自己和金的傳記，此傳記因為記述了金婚後的外遇而引發了激烈爭議。 (zh) رالف ديفيد أبرناثي (بالإنجليزية: Ralph Abernathy) (11 مارس 1926 - 17 أبريل 1990) كان ناشطا أمريكيا في مجال الحقوق المدنية ووزير مسيحي. كان رالف زعيم لحركة الحقوق المدنية اللاعنفية، كان صديقًا مقربًا ومرشدًا لمارتن لوثر كينغ. تعاون مع مارتن لإنشاء جمعية تطوير مونتغمري التي أدت إلى مقاطعة حافلات مونتغومري. شارك في تأسيس مؤتمر القيادة المسيحية الجنوبية وأصبح عضو مجلس إدارتها. أصبح رئيسًا لقيادة مؤتمر القيادة المسيحية الجنوبية عقب اغتيال مارتن لوثر عام 1968، حيث قاد حملة الشعب الفقير في واشنطن العاصمة، شملت الحملة مسيرات ومظاهرات للأمريكيين المحرومين من حقوقهم. كما شغل منصب عضو في اللجنة الاستشارية في المؤتمر المعني بالمساواة العرقية. (ar) Ralph David Abernathy (11 de marzo de 1926, Linden, Alabama - 17 de abril de 1990, Atlanta, Georgia), fue un matemático y líder estadounidense por los derechos civiles de los negros. En 1948 se ordenó pastor bautista y dos años después se licenció en matemáticas en el Alabama State College. En 1968 organizó la huelga de los trabajadores sanitarios de Atlanta y en 1969 la huelga de los trabajadores hospitalarios de Charleston. El 15 de enero de 1969 pronunció un discurso en el Servicio Conmemorativo de Martin Luther King. (es) Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was ordained in the Baptist tradition in 1948. As a leader of the civil rights movement, he was a close friend and mentor of Martin Luther King Jr. He collaborated with King and E. D. Nixon to create the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led to the Montgomery bus boycott, and co-created and was an executive board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He became president of the SCLC following the assassination of King in 1968, where he led the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C., among other marches and demonstrations for disenfranchised Americans. He also served as an advisory committee member of the Congress on Racial Equality ( (en) Ralph D Abernathy Sr (11 Maret 1926 – 17 April 1990) adalah Pendeta Gereka Baptist yang menjadi salah satu pendiri Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) dan penasihat terdekat Martin Luther King Jr. Ralph D Abernathy adalah seorang pejuang hak-hak sipil Amerika Serikat, bersama dengan Martin Luther King, pada era perjuangan hak-hak sipil di Amerika Serikat era tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an. (in) Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (Linden, 11 de março de 1926 - Atlanta, 17 de abril de 1990) foi um ativista americano dos direitos civis e ministro batista. Ele foi ordenado na tradição batista em 1948. Como líder do Movimento dos Direitos Civis, ele era um amigo íntimo e mentor de Martin Luther King Jr.. Ele colaborou com King para criar a Associação de Aperfeiçoamento de Montgomery, que organizou o boicote aos ônibus de Montgomery. Ele também foi co-fundador e membro do conselho executivo da Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Ele se tornou presidente do SCLC após o assassinato de King em 1968, onde liderou a Campanha do Povo em Washington, DC, entre outras marchas e manifestações para americanos desprivilegiados. Ele também atuou como membro do comitê consultivo do Congresso s (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Ralph Abernathy (en) رالف أبرناثي (ar) Ralph Abernathy (de) Ralph David Abernathy (es) Ralph Abernathy (eu) Ralph Abernathy (in) Ralph Abernathy (fr) Ralph Abernathy (it) 랠프 애버내시 (ko) Ralph Abernathy (nl) Ralph Abernathy (pl) Ralph Abernathy (pt) Ralph Abernathy (sv) 拉爾夫·阿伯內西 (zh) |
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