Selma to Montgomery marches (original) (raw)

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Pochody ze Selmy do Montgomery byly tři protestní pochody konané v roce 1965 mezi 87 km vzdálenými městy a Montgomery ve státě Alabama. Pochody byly organizovány nenásilnými aktivisty z hnutí za občanská práva s cílem medializovat úsilí Afroameričanů na jihu USA plně vykonávat ústavou garantované voličské právo. Protesty byly namířené také proti pokračující segregaci. V neposlední řadě chtěli aktivisté vyjádřit podporu navrhovanému zákonu , který měl zakázat diskriminaci při výkonu voličského práva.

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dbo:abstract Les marxes de Selma a Montgomery van ser tres marxes de protesta, realitzades el 1965, al llarg de la carretera de 54 milles (87 km) des de Selma, Alabama fins a la capital estatal de Montgomery. Les marxes van ser organitzades per activistes no-violents per demostrar el desig dels ciutadans afroamericans d'exercir el seu dret constitucional de vot, desafiant la repressió segregacionista; formaven part d'un moviment més ampli de drets de vot en marxa a Selma i a tot el Sud americà. En ressaltar la injustícia racial, van contribuir a la aprovació aquell any de la , una important fita del moviment dels drets civils. Les lleis estatals del Sud havien mantenien una sèrie de requisits i pràctiques discriminatòries que havien disminuït la majoria real dels milions d'afroamericans a tot el Sud al llarg del segle xx. El grup afroamericà conegut com a la Dallas County Voters League (Lliga de Votants del Comtat de Dallas) (DCVL) va llançar una campanya de registre d'electors a Selma el 1963. Units per organitzadors del Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Comitè de Coordinació dels Estudiants No-Violents) (SNCC), van començar a treballar aquell any en un renovat esforç per registrar els votants negres. Trobant que la resistència dels funcionaris blancs era intractable, fins i tot després que la Llei de drets civils de 1964 acabés amb la segregació legal, la DCVL va convidar el pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. i els activistes de la Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Conferència de Lideratge Cristià del Sud) (SCLC) a unir-se a ells. La SCLC va portar a Selma nombrosos líders dels drets civils el gener de 1965. Les protestes locals i regionals van començar, amb 3.000 persones arrestades a finals de febrer. Segons , que va exercir de cap d'assumptes interiors al president dels Estats Units, Lyndon Johnson, entre els anys 1965 i 1969, el president va considerar que King era un soci essencial per promulgar la Llei de dret de vot. Califano, a qui el president també va assignar per controlar la marxa final a Montgomery, va dir que Johnson i King havien parlat per telèfon el 15 de gener per planificar una estratègia per cridar l'atenció sobre la injustícia d'utilitzar proves d'alfabetització i altres barreres per evitar la votació als negres del Sud i que King havia informat més tard el president el 9 de febrer de la seva decisió d'utilitzar Selma per assolir aquest objectiu. El 26 de febrer de 1965, l'activista i diaca va morir després de ser assassinat mortalment diversos dies abans pel soldat estatal , durant una marxa pacífica a prop de Marion, Alabama. Per defugir i refermar la indignació de la comunitat, el director d'Acció Directa de la SCLC, , que dirigia el moviment de dret a vot de Selma de la SCLC, va cridar a fer una marxa des de Selma fins a la capital estatal de Montgomery. Bevel treballava en el seu Projecte Alabama per al dret de vot des de finals de 1963. Així, la primera marxa va tenir lloc el 7 de març de 1965, organitzada localment per Bevel, Amelia Boynton i altres. Les tropes estatals i els posse comitatus (ajudants en reserva del xerif) del comtat van atacar als marxadors sense armes amb porres i gasos lacrimògens després que van passar per sobre de la línia del comtat, i l'esdeveniment va passar a anomenar-se com Bloody Sunday (Diumenge Sagnant). Van deixar inconscient Boynton i els mitjans de comunicació van donar a conèixer a tot el món una imatge de la seva ferida al . La segona marxa va tenir lloc el 9 de març. Les tropes, la policia i els marxadors es van encarar a l'extrem del pont del comtat, però llavors els soldats es van posar a banda i banda per deixar-los passar, King va portar els marxadors a l'església. Obeïa una ordre federal mentre buscava la protecció del tribunal federal per a la marxa. Aquella nit, un grup blanc va colpejar i assassinar l'activista dels drets civils , un ministre universalista unitarista de Boston, que havia vingut a Selma per marxar amb el segon grup. També s'havien reunit molts altres clergues i simpatitzants de tot el país per a la segona marxa. La violència del "Diumenge Sagnant" i l'assassinat de Reeb van provocar un clam nacional i alguns actes de desobediència civil, dirigits tant als governs d'Alabama com als federals. Els manifestants van demanar protecció per als marxadors Selma i una nova llei federal de dret de vot per permetre als afroamericans registrar-se i votar sense assetjament. El president Lyndon Johnson, l'administració del qual havia estat treballant en una llei sobre drets de vot, va celebrar una sessió conjunta històrica i televisada nacionalment del Congrés el 15 de març per sol·licitar la introducció i aprovació del projecte de llei. El president Johnson es va comprometre a protegir els marxadors, ja que el governador Wallace s'havia negat a fer-ho. La tercera marxa va començar el 21 de març. Protegits per 1.900 membres de la Guàrdia Nacional d'Alabama sota comandament federal, i molts agents del FBI i marshals federals, els marxadors feien una mitjana de 16 milles al dia per la (Ruta 80 dels Estats Units), coneguda a Alabama com el "Carretera de Jefferson Davis". Els marxadors van arribar a Montgomery el 24 de març i al Capitolí d'Alabama el 25 de març. Amb milers de persones que s'havien sumat a la campanya, aquell dia 25.000 persones van entrar a la capital a favor del dret de vot. La ruta és memorialitzada com a "Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail". (ca) Pochody ze Selmy do Montgomery byly tři protestní pochody konané v roce 1965 mezi 87 km vzdálenými městy a Montgomery ve státě Alabama. Pochody byly organizovány nenásilnými aktivisty z hnutí za občanská práva s cílem medializovat úsilí Afroameričanů na jihu USA plně vykonávat ústavou garantované voličské právo. Protesty byly namířené také proti pokračující segregaci. V neposlední řadě chtěli aktivisté vyjádřit podporu navrhovanému zákonu , který měl zakázat diskriminaci při výkonu voličského práva. (cs) Die Selma-nach-Montgomery-Märsche waren drei Märsche im Jahr 1965, die den politischen und emotionalen Höhepunkt der US-amerikanischen Bürgerrechtsbewegung (Civil rights movement) markierten. Sie waren die Zuspitzung im Kampf für Wahlrechte nach dem Civil Rights Act von 1964 in Selma, Alabama, der von Amelia Boynton und ihrem Ehemann gestartet wurde. Boynton brachte viele Führer des „African-American Civil Rights Movement“ nach Selma, darunter , der als Erster zum Marsch aufrief, Martin Luther King Jr. und . (de) Οι τρεις πορείες από τη Σέλμα στο Μοντγκόμερι ήταν μέρος του κινήματος για το δικαίωμα ψήφου, που εξελίχθηκε στη Σέλμα της Αλαμπάμα το 1965. Τονίζοντας τη φυλετική αδικία στο νότο, οι πορείες συνέβαλαν στην ψήφιση εκείνη τη χρονιά του νόμου περί εκλογικών δικαιωμάτων, ένα σημαντικό επίτευγμα του κινήματος για τα πολιτικά δικαιώματα στην Αμερική της δεκαετίας του 1960. Ακτιβιστές διαφήμισαν τις τρεις πορείες διαμαρτυρίας για να βαδίσουν τα 87 χιλιόμετρα αυτοκινητόδρομου από τη Σέλμα στην πρωτεύουσα της πολιτείας Αλαμπάμα, Μοντγκόμερι, για να δείξουν την επιθυμία των Αφροαμερικανών πολιτών να ασκήσουν το συνταγματικό τους εκλογικό δικαίωμα, σε πείσμα της καταστολής που ευνοούσε τον φυλετικό διαχωρισμό. (el) La Marŝado el Selma ĝis Montgomery, ankaŭ konata kiel Sanga dimanĉo kaj la du marŝoj kiuj tion sekvis, estis marŝoj kaj protestoj okazintaj en 7-an de marto 1965 kiuj markis la politikan kaj emocian kulminon de la usona civitanrajta movado. Ĉiuj tri estis provoj marŝi dum 45 mejloj de Selma ĝis Montgomery kie la Alabama kapitolo situas. La marŝoj kreskis el la porvoĉdonrajta movado en Selma, lanĉita fare de lokaj afrik-usonanoj kiuj formis la Dallas County Voters League (DCVL). En 1963, la DCVL kaj aranĝantoj de la Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) komencis balotantregistran laboron. Kiam blanka rezisto al nigra balotantregistrado pruvis nesubordiĝema, la DCVL petis la asistadon de Martin Luther King kaj la Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Sudkristana Gvidkonferenco), kiuj alportis multajn elstarajn civitanrajtojn kaj civitajn gvidantojn por apogi voĉdonrajtojn. (eo) El Domingo Sangriento de 1965 sucedió el 7 de marzo en Selma, Alabama. La policía local y soldados estatales asaltaron en el Puente Edmund Pettusa a 600 manifestantes por los derechos civiles que intentaban realizar la marcha de Selma a Montgomery. (es) Pawai Selma ke Montgomery adalah tiga pawai unjuk rasa, yang diadakan pada 1965, di sepanjang jalan tol sejauh 54 mil (87 km) dari Selma, Alabama ke ibu kota negara bagian Montgomery. Pawai tersebut diadakan oleh para penggiat non-kekerasan untuk memajukan keinginan para warga Afrika-Amerika untuk meraih hak konstitusional mereka untuk hak suara, peniadaan penindasan segregasionis, dan merupakan bagian dari gerakan hak syara yang lebih besar yang diadakan di Selma dan seluruh Amerika Serikat Selatan. (in) Les Marches de Selma à Montgomery désignent trois marches de protestation, menées en Alabama en 1965 (les 7, 9 et 25 mars), qui ont marqué la lutte des droits civiques des Afro-Américains aux États-Unis. Elles furent le point culminant du mouvement pour le droit de vote, lancé par Amelia Boynton Robinson et son mari Samuel W. Boynton, à Selma dans l'Alabama. (fr) The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery. The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote, in defiance of segregationist repression; they were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South. By highlighting racial injustice, they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act, a landmark federal achievement of the civil rights movement. Southern state legislatures had passed and maintained a series of discriminatory requirements and practices that had disenfranchised most of the millions of African Americans across the South throughout the 20th century. The African-American group known as the Dallas County Voters League (DCVL) launched a voter registration campaign in Selma in 1963. Joined by organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), they began working that year in a renewed effort to register black voters. Finding resistance by white officials to be intractable, even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation, the DCVL invited Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and the activists of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to join them. SCLC brought many prominent civil rights and civic leaders to Selma in January 1965. Local and regional protests began, with 3,000 people arrested by the end of February. According to Joseph A. Califano Jr., who served as head of domestic affairs for U.S. President Lyndon Johnson between the years 1965 and 1969, the President viewed King as an essential partner in getting the Voting Rights Act enacted. Califano, whom the President also assigned to monitor the final march to Montgomery, said that Johnson and King talked by telephone on January 15 to plan a strategy for drawing attention to the injustice of using literacy tests and other barriers to stop black Southerners from voting, and that King later informed the President on February 9 of his decision to use Selma to achieve this objective. On February 26, 1965, activist and deacon Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being shot several days earlier by state trooper James Bonard Fowler, during a peaceful march in nearby Marion, Alabama. To defuse and refocus the community's outrage, James Bevel, who was directing SCLC's Selma voting rights movement, called for a march of dramatic length, from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery. Bevel had been working on his Alabama Project for voting rights since late 1963. The first march took place on March 7, 1965, organized locally by Bevel, Amelia Boynton, and others. State troopers and county possemen attacked the unarmed marchers with billy clubs and tear gas after they passed over the county line, and the event became known as Bloody Sunday. Law enforcement beat Boynton unconscious, and the media publicized worldwide a picture of her lying wounded on the Edmund Pettus Bridge. The second march took place March 9. Troopers, police, and marchers confronted each other at the county end of the bridge, but when the troopers stepped aside to let them pass, King led the marchers back to the church. He was obeying a federal injunction while seeking protection from federal court for the march. That night, a white group beat and murdered civil rights activist James Reeb, a Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston, who had come to Selma to march with the second group. Many other clergy and sympathizers from across the country also gathered for the second march. The violence of "Bloody Sunday" and Reeb's murder resulted in a national outcry and some acts of civil disobedience, targeting both the Alabama and federal governments. The protesters demanded protection for the Selma marchers and a new federal voting rights law to enable African Americans to register and vote without harassment. President Lyndon Johnson, whose administration had been working on a voting rights law, held a historic, nationally televised joint session of Congress on March 15 to ask for the bill's introduction and passage. With Governor Wallace refusing to protect the marchers, President Johnson committed to do so. The third march started on March 21. Protected by 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under federal command, and many FBI agents and federal marshals, the marchers averaged 10 miles (16 km) a day along U.S. Route 80, known in Alabama as the "Jefferson Davis Highway". The marchers arrived in Montgomery on March 24 and at the Alabama State Capitol on March 25. With thousands having joined the campaign, 25,000 people entered the capital city that day in support of voting rights. The route is memorialized as the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail, a designated National Historic Trail. The Voting Rights Act became law on August 6, 1965. (en) 1965年の血の日曜日事件（ちのにちようびじけん）は、1965年3月7日に、アメリカの公民権運動中にアラバマ州の都市セルマで起きた流血事件。 (ja) Le marce da Selma a Montgomery furono tre marce di protesta del 1965 che hanno segnato la storia del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani negli Stati Uniti. Le marce nacquero a partire dai movimenti per il diritto di voto a Selma in Alabama, lanciate dagli afro-americani del posto, tra cui Amelia Boynton Robinson e suo marito, che formarono la Dallas County Voters League (DCVL). Il percorso da Selma a Montgomery per il diritto di voto (Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail) è un percorso storico degli Stati Uniti. (it) 셀마 몽고메리 행진은 의 1965년에 벌어진 정치적, 감정적 최고조기를 형성한 피의 일요일 (Bloody Sunday)을 포함한 세 개의 행진을 가리킨다. 3월 7일에 1차 행진, 2일 뒤인 3월 9일에 2차 행진, 2주 뒤인 3월 21일에 3번째 행진이 있었다. 수백 명의 인권 운동가들이 흑인 참정권을 요구하며, 80번 고속도로(Highway 80)를 따라 셀마에서 몽고메리까지 87km를 행진하고자 했다. "피의 일요일"이라 불리는 사건은 3월 7일에 있었던 첫 번째 행진때 일어났다. 이 행진은 미국 앨라배마주 셀마에서의 (Amelia Boynton Robinson)과 그녀의 남편이 시작한 투표권 쟁취 운동의 정점이었다. 이 부부는 마틴 루서 킹 주니어, (Jim Bevel), (Hosea Williams)를 비롯한 많은 저명한 미국 인권 운동가들을 셀마로 불러들였다. (ko) Три марша протеста от Сельмы до Монтгомери в 1965 году стали частью массового движения за избирательные права чернокожих американцев, которое в 1960-е годы охватило весь американский Юг, и способствовали принятию в том же году нового Закона об избирательных правах, что стало одним из самых главных успехов движения за гражданские права чернокожих в США. Активисты попытались провести марши из Сельмы до столицы штата Алабама Монтгомери вдоль 54-мильной (87-километровой) автомагистрали, соединявшей оба города, чтобы продемонстрировать стремление афроамериканцев реализовать своё конституционное право голосовать вопреки сегрегационистским ограничениям, подчёркивая тем самым расовую несправедливость. (ru) Blodiga söndagen (engelska: Bloody Sunday) kallas händelserna söndagen 7 mars 1965 vid vilken en protestmarsch mellan Selma i Alabama och dess huvudstad Montgomery stoppades med våld av polis. Marschen genomfördes i den amerikanska medborgarrättsrörelsens regi i syfte att väcka uppmärksamhet mot att det försvårades för svarta utnyttja sin rösträtt samt en dödsskjutning i samband med tidigare rösträttsdemonstrationer i Selma. Marschen som utmynnade i den blodiga söndagen var den första av tre marscher till Alabamas huvudstad Montgomery. Vid det andra försöket avbröts marschen av Martin Luther King, för att respektera det domstolsbeslut som förbjöd en marsch till Montgomery. Vid det tredje tillfället nådde marschen ända fram och i det påföljande mötet deltog tusentals personer. Sträckan är idag minnesmärkt och listad i och utmärkt som U.S. National Historic Trail, med namnet Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail. (sv) As marchas de Selma a Montgomery de 1965 foram três manifestações, sendo a primeira conhecida como “Domingo Sangrento” (“Bloody Sunday”, em inglês), do movimento pelos direitos civis dos negros nos Estados Unidos que conduziram à aprovação da Lei dos Direitos ao Voto de 1965, uma conquista histórica do movimento negro da década de 1960. Todas as três marchas foram tentativas de marchar por 85 quilômetros pela rodovia de Selma à capital estadual do Alabama, Montgomery. A primeira marcha, iniciada e dirigida pelo Diretor de Ação Direta da Liderança Cristã Sulista (com a sigla em inglês SCLC, de Southern Christian Leadership Conference), James Bevel, foi planejada como uma forma de aplacar o trauma e a raiva crescente pelo assassinato do ativista pela Lei dos Direitos ao Voto Jimmie Lee Jackson durante uma marcha noturna em Marion, Alabama. O Movimento pelo Direito ao Voto de Selma foi empreendido por afro-americanos locais que formaram a Liga de Eleitores do Condado de Dallas (DCVL, Dallas County Voters League, em inglês). Em 1963, a DCVL e organizadores de marchas do Comitê Não-Violento de Coordenação Estudantil (SNCC, de Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) começaram uma ação de incentivo aos negros ao recenseamento eleitoral. Quando uma resistência branca ao registro eleitoral de negros demonstrou ser intratável, o DCVL pediu ajuda a Martin Luther King, Jr. e à SCLC, os quais afinal trouxeram diversos líderes de manifestações pelos direitos civis para apoiar o Movimento pelo Direito ao Voto de Selma em janeiro de 1965, incluindo o próprio Luther King. A primeira marcha ocorreu em 7 de março de 1965, organizada localmente por , Amelia Boynton e outros. Num evento imortalizado na história como Domingo Sangrento, 600 manifestantes, protestavam contra a morte de Jackson e a permanência da exclusão do processo eleitoral, quando foram atacados pela polícia local e estatal com cassetetes e gás lacrimogênio. A segunda marcha ocorreu em 9 de março; polícias e manifestantes ficaram frente a frente, mas quando as tropas moveram-se para o lado para deixá-los passar, o Dr. Martin Luther King guiou os manifestantes de volta à igreja. A terceira marcha começou em 16 de março. Cercados por 2 000 soldados do Exército Americano, 1,900 membros da Guarda Nacional do Alabama sob comando federal e muitos agentes do FBI e marechais federais, os manifestantes avançaram 16 quilômetros ao longo de todo o dia pela U.S. Route 80, conhecida no Alabama como a “Rodovia Jefferson Davis”. Os manifestantes alcançaram Montgomery em 24 de março e o Capitólio do Estado do Alabama em 25 de março. A rota foi imortalizada como a Trilha de Selma a Montgomery do Direito ao Voto e é uma Trilha Histórica Nacional dos Estados Unidos. (pt)
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dbp:caption 0001-03-07 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:causes *Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson *African Americans obstructed from registering to vote *Failed voter registration campaign (en)
dbp:date 0001-03-07 (xsd:gMonthDay) 2011-07-16 (xsd:date)
dbp:leadfigures DCVL members *Ulysses S. Blackmon Sr. *Amelia Boynton *Samuel Boynton *Bruce Boynton *Joseph Ellwanger *Rev. Frederick Reese *Rev. L.L. Anderson *J. L. Chestnut *Annie Lee Cooper *Marie Foster *James E. Gildersleeve SCLC members *Martin Luther King Jr. *James Bevel *Diane Nash *James Orange *Richard C. Boone *Hosea Williams SNCC members *Stokely Carmichael *James Forman *Prathia Hall *Bernard Lafayette *John Lewis *Fay Bellamy Powell (en) State of Alabama *George Wallace, Governor *Albert J. Lingo, Director of the Alabama Department of Public Safety *Major John Cloud, Commander of Alabama State Troopers Dallas County *Judge James Hare, Circuit Court *Jim Clark, Sheriff of Dallas County *J. P. Majors, Dallas County Registrar City of Selma *Joseph Smitherman, Mayor *Wilson Baker, Public Safety Director of Selma (en)
dbp:partof the Civil Rights Movement (en)
dbp:place Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church, Edmund Pettus Bridge, U.S. Route 80, Haisten’s Mattress & Awning Company, Alabama State Capitol, Selma and Montgomery, Alabama (en)
dbp:result *Speech "The American Promise" delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson as Special Message before Congress *Introduction of Senate bill 1964, a voting rights bill, in the 89th United States Congress *Hastened passage of voting rights bill in Congress *Speech "How Long? Not Long" delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. at the Alabama State Capitol (en)
dbp:side dbr:List_of_governors_of_Alabama Department of Public Safety (en) Mayor of Selma (en) *Dallas County Voters League *Southern Christian Leadership Conference *Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (en) *Dallas County Citizens' Council (en) Board of Registrar (en) Dallas County Circuit Court (en) Dallas County Sheriff (en) Selma Department of Safety (en)
dbp:title Selma to Montgomery marches (en)
dbp:url https://web.archive.org/web/20110716190751/http:/taliashewrote.com/2010/01/28/brotherhood-postponed/
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rdfs:comment Pochody ze Selmy do Montgomery byly tři protestní pochody konané v roce 1965 mezi 87 km vzdálenými městy a Montgomery ve státě Alabama. Pochody byly organizovány nenásilnými aktivisty z hnutí za občanská práva s cílem medializovat úsilí Afroameričanů na jihu USA plně vykonávat ústavou garantované voličské právo. Protesty byly namířené také proti pokračující segregaci. V neposlední řadě chtěli aktivisté vyjádřit podporu navrhovanému zákonu , který měl zakázat diskriminaci při výkonu voličského práva. (cs) Die Selma-nach-Montgomery-Märsche waren drei Märsche im Jahr 1965, die den politischen und emotionalen Höhepunkt der US-amerikanischen Bürgerrechtsbewegung (Civil rights movement) markierten. Sie waren die Zuspitzung im Kampf für Wahlrechte nach dem Civil Rights Act von 1964 in Selma, Alabama, der von Amelia Boynton und ihrem Ehemann gestartet wurde. Boynton brachte viele Führer des „African-American Civil Rights Movement“ nach Selma, darunter , der als Erster zum Marsch aufrief, Martin Luther King Jr. und . (de) Οι τρεις πορείες από τη Σέλμα στο Μοντγκόμερι ήταν μέρος του κινήματος για το δικαίωμα ψήφου, που εξελίχθηκε στη Σέλμα της Αλαμπάμα το 1965. Τονίζοντας τη φυλετική αδικία στο νότο, οι πορείες συνέβαλαν στην ψήφιση εκείνη τη χρονιά του νόμου περί εκλογικών δικαιωμάτων, ένα σημαντικό επίτευγμα του κινήματος για τα πολιτικά δικαιώματα στην Αμερική της δεκαετίας του 1960. Ακτιβιστές διαφήμισαν τις τρεις πορείες διαμαρτυρίας για να βαδίσουν τα 87 χιλιόμετρα αυτοκινητόδρομου από τη Σέλμα στην πρωτεύουσα της πολιτείας Αλαμπάμα, Μοντγκόμερι, για να δείξουν την επιθυμία των Αφροαμερικανών πολιτών να ασκήσουν το συνταγματικό τους εκλογικό δικαίωμα, σε πείσμα της καταστολής που ευνοούσε τον φυλετικό διαχωρισμό. (el) El Domingo Sangriento de 1965 sucedió el 7 de marzo en Selma, Alabama. La policía local y soldados estatales asaltaron en el Puente Edmund Pettusa a 600 manifestantes por los derechos civiles que intentaban realizar la marcha de Selma a Montgomery. (es) Pawai Selma ke Montgomery adalah tiga pawai unjuk rasa, yang diadakan pada 1965, di sepanjang jalan tol sejauh 54 mil (87 km) dari Selma, Alabama ke ibu kota negara bagian Montgomery. Pawai tersebut diadakan oleh para penggiat non-kekerasan untuk memajukan keinginan para warga Afrika-Amerika untuk meraih hak konstitusional mereka untuk hak suara, peniadaan penindasan segregasionis, dan merupakan bagian dari gerakan hak syara yang lebih besar yang diadakan di Selma dan seluruh Amerika Serikat Selatan. (in) Les Marches de Selma à Montgomery désignent trois marches de protestation, menées en Alabama en 1965 (les 7, 9 et 25 mars), qui ont marqué la lutte des droits civiques des Afro-Américains aux États-Unis. Elles furent le point culminant du mouvement pour le droit de vote, lancé par Amelia Boynton Robinson et son mari Samuel W. Boynton, à Selma dans l'Alabama. (fr) 1965年の血の日曜日事件（ちのにちようびじけん）は、1965年3月7日に、アメリカの公民権運動中にアラバマ州の都市セルマで起きた流血事件。 (ja) Le marce da Selma a Montgomery furono tre marce di protesta del 1965 che hanno segnato la storia del movimento per i diritti civili degli afroamericani negli Stati Uniti. Le marce nacquero a partire dai movimenti per il diritto di voto a Selma in Alabama, lanciate dagli afro-americani del posto, tra cui Amelia Boynton Robinson e suo marito, che formarono la Dallas County Voters League (DCVL). Il percorso da Selma a Montgomery per il diritto di voto (Selma To Montgomery Voting Rights Trail) è un percorso storico degli Stati Uniti. (it) 셀마 몽고메리 행진은 의 1965년에 벌어진 정치적, 감정적 최고조기를 형성한 피의 일요일 (Bloody Sunday)을 포함한 세 개의 행진을 가리킨다. 3월 7일에 1차 행진, 2일 뒤인 3월 9일에 2차 행진, 2주 뒤인 3월 21일에 3번째 행진이 있었다. 수백 명의 인권 운동가들이 흑인 참정권을 요구하며, 80번 고속도로(Highway 80)를 따라 셀마에서 몽고메리까지 87km를 행진하고자 했다. "피의 일요일"이라 불리는 사건은 3월 7일에 있었던 첫 번째 행진때 일어났다. 이 행진은 미국 앨라배마주 셀마에서의 (Amelia Boynton Robinson)과 그녀의 남편이 시작한 투표권 쟁취 운동의 정점이었다. 이 부부는 마틴 루서 킹 주니어, (Jim Bevel), (Hosea Williams)를 비롯한 많은 저명한 미국 인권 운동가들을 셀마로 불러들였다. (ko) Три марша протеста от Сельмы до Монтгомери в 1965 году стали частью массового движения за избирательные права чернокожих американцев, которое в 1960-е годы охватило весь американский Юг, и способствовали принятию в том же году нового Закона об избирательных правах, что стало одним из самых главных успехов движения за гражданские права чернокожих в США. Активисты попытались провести марши из Сельмы до столицы штата Алабама Монтгомери вдоль 54-мильной (87-километровой) автомагистрали, соединявшей оба города, чтобы продемонстрировать стремление афроамериканцев реализовать своё конституционное право голосовать вопреки сегрегационистским ограничениям, подчёркивая тем самым расовую несправедливость. (ru) Les marxes de Selma a Montgomery van ser tres marxes de protesta, realitzades el 1965, al llarg de la carretera de 54 milles (87 km) des de Selma, Alabama fins a la capital estatal de Montgomery. Les marxes van ser organitzades per activistes no-violents per demostrar el desig dels ciutadans afroamericans d'exercir el seu dret constitucional de vot, desafiant la repressió segregacionista; formaven part d'un moviment més ampli de drets de vot en marxa a Selma i a tot el Sud americà. En ressaltar la injustícia racial, van contribuir a la aprovació aquell any de la , una important fita del moviment dels drets civils. (ca) La Marŝado el Selma ĝis Montgomery, ankaŭ konata kiel Sanga dimanĉo kaj la du marŝoj kiuj tion sekvis, estis marŝoj kaj protestoj okazintaj en 7-an de marto 1965 kiuj markis la politikan kaj emocian kulminon de la usona civitanrajta movado. Ĉiuj tri estis provoj marŝi dum 45 mejloj de Selma ĝis Montgomery kie la Alabama kapitolo situas. La marŝoj kreskis el la porvoĉdonrajta movado en Selma, lanĉita fare de lokaj afrik-usonanoj kiuj formis la Dallas County Voters League (DCVL). En 1963, la DCVL kaj aranĝantoj de la Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) komencis balotantregistran laboron. Kiam blanka rezisto al nigra balotantregistrado pruvis nesubordiĝema, la DCVL petis la asistadon de Martin Luther King kaj la Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Sudkristana Gvidkonferenco (eo) The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital of Montgomery. The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote, in defiance of segregationist repression; they were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South. By highlighting racial injustice, they contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act, a landmark federal achievement of the civil rights movement. (en) As marchas de Selma a Montgomery de 1965 foram três manifestações, sendo a primeira conhecida como “Domingo Sangrento” (“Bloody Sunday”, em inglês), do movimento pelos direitos civis dos negros nos Estados Unidos que conduziram à aprovação da Lei dos Direitos ao Voto de 1965, uma conquista histórica do movimento negro da década de 1960. A rota foi imortalizada como a Trilha de Selma a Montgomery do Direito ao Voto e é uma Trilha Histórica Nacional dos Estados Unidos. (pt) Blodiga söndagen (engelska: Bloody Sunday) kallas händelserna söndagen 7 mars 1965 vid vilken en protestmarsch mellan Selma i Alabama och dess huvudstad Montgomery stoppades med våld av polis. Marschen genomfördes i den amerikanska medborgarrättsrörelsens regi i syfte att väcka uppmärksamhet mot att det försvårades för svarta utnyttja sin rösträtt samt en dödsskjutning i samband med tidigare rösträttsdemonstrationer i Selma. (sv)
rdfs:label Selma to Montgomery marches (en) Marxes de Selma a Montgomery (ca) Pochody ze Selmy do Montgomery (cs) Selma-nach-Montgomery-Märsche (de) Πορείες από τη Σέλμα στο Μοντγκόμερι (el) Marŝado el Selma al Montgomery (eo) Domingo Sangriento (1965) (es) Pawai Selma ke Montgomery (in) Marce da Selma a Montgomery (it) Marches de Selma à Montgomery (fr) 셀마 몽고메리 행진 (ko) 血の日曜日事件 (1965年) (ja) Marchas de Selma a Montgomery (pt) Марши от Сельмы до Монтгомери (ru) Blodiga söndagen (1965) (sv)
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