| dbo:abstract |
Representative Peers waren im Vereinigten Königreich diejenigen Peers, die von den Mitgliedern der Peerage of Scotland und der Peerage of Ireland gewählt wurden, um im britischen House of Lords zu sitzen. Mitglieder der Peerage of England, der Peerage of Great Britain und der Peerage of the United Kingdom hatten hingegen bis 1999 unmittelbar das Recht im House of Lords zu sitzen. Representative Peers wurden 1707 eingeführt, als das Königreich England und das Königreich Schottland zum Königreich Großbritannien vereinigt wurden. Zu dieser Zeit gab es 168 englische und 154 schottische Peers. Da Schottland damals lediglich ein Fünftel der englischen Bevölkerung zählte und die englischen Peers befürchteten, dass die schottischen Peers im britischen House of Lords überrepräsentiert wären, wurde ausgehandelt, die schottischen Mitglieder des House of Lords auf eine begrenzte Anzahl von Repräsentanten zu begrenzen, die die schottischen Peers aus den eigenen Reihen wählen sollten. Eine ähnliche Regelung wurde getroffen, als 1801 das Königreich Großbritannien und das Königreich Irland zum Vereinigten Königreich von Großbritannien und Irland vereinigt wurden. Schottland durfte sechzehn Representative Peers wählen, während Irland achtundzwanzig wählen konnte. Die schottischen Representative Peers erhielten ihr Mandat jeweils für die Dauer eines Parlaments, so dass nach jeder Auflösung des Parlamentes neu gewählt wurde. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden irische Representative Peers auf Lebenszeit gewählt. Die Wahlen für irische Peers wurden eingestellt, als im Dezember 1922 der irische Freistaat als Dominion ins Leben gerufen wurde. Alle achtundzwanzig bereits gewählten irischen Peers waren jedoch weiterhin bis zu ihrem Tod berechtigt im House of Lords zu sitzen. Die Wahlen für schottische Peers endeten mit dem Peerage Act von 1963, mit dem alle schottischen Peers das Recht erhielten, unmittelbar im House of Lords zu sitzen. Als mit dem House of Lords Act von 1999 die Erblichkeit von Parlamentssitzen weitgehend abgeschafft wurde, wurde eine neue Form der „Representative Peers“ eingeführt, um es einigen erblichen Peers zu ermöglichen, im House of Lords zu bleiben. (de) Au Royaume-Uni, les pairs représentatifs sont les pairs élus par les membres de la pairie d'Écosse et de la pairie d'Irlande pour siéger à la Chambre des lords britannique. Jusqu'en 1999, tous les membres de la pairie d'Angleterre ont le droit de siéger à la Chambre des Lords. Tous les pairs créés après 1707 en tant que pairs de Grande-Bretagne et après 1801 en tant que pairs du Royaume-Uni ont ce même droit. (fr) In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. Until 1999, all members of the Peerage of England held the right to sit in the House of Lords; they did not elect a limited group of representatives. All peers who were created after 1707 as Peers of Great Britain and after 1801 as Peers of the United Kingdom held the same right to sit in the House of Lords. Representative peers were introduced in 1707, when the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united into the Kingdom of Great Britain. At the time there were 168 English and 154 Scottish peers. The English peers feared that the House of Lords would be swamped by the Scottish element, and consequently the election of a small number of representative peers to represent Scotland was negotiated. A similar arrangement was adopted when the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in January 1801. Scotland was allowed to elect sixteen representative peers, while Ireland could elect twenty-eight. Those chosen by Scotland sat for the life of one Parliament, and following each dissolution new Scottish peers were elected. In contrast, Irish representative peers sat for life. Elections for Irish peers ceased when the Irish Free State came into existence as a dominion in December 1922. However, already-elected Irish peers continued to be entitled to sit until their death. Elections for Scottish peers ended in 1963, when all Scottish peers obtained the right to sit in the House of Lords. Under the House of Lords Act 1999, a new form of representative peer was introduced to allow some hereditary peers to stay in the House of Lords. (en) Nel Regno Unito, la parìa rappresentativa era composta da quei pari eletti tra i membri della Parìa di Scozia e la Parìa d'Irlanda che sono quindi chiamati a sedere nella Camera dei lord britannica. Un tempo, solo i membri della Paria d'Inghilterra avevano diritto a sedere alla Camera dei lord; essi non erano eletti ed erano un gruppo limitato di rappresentanti. Tutti i pari creati dopo il 1707 nella parìa di Gran Bretagna e dopo il 1801 nella Parìa del Regno Unito hanno ottenuto il privilegio di sedere nella Camera dei lord. (it) イギリスにおける貴族代表議員（きぞくだいひょうぎいん、英語: representative peer）は、スコットランド貴族およびアイルランド貴族からイギリスの貴族院に参加するために選ばれた者をいう。イングランド貴族、グレートブリテン貴族、連合王国貴族は1999年まで貴族院議員たる資格を全員が持っており、代表を選出するようなことはなかった。 貴族代表議員制度が導入されたのは合同法成立後の1707年のことである。イングランド王国とスコットランド王国が統一され、グレートブリテン王国が成立した際、168人のイングランド貴族に対し、154人のスコットランド貴族が存在した。イングランド貴族は、大勢のスコットランド貴族が貴族院になだれ込み、貴族院を支配してしまうことを恐れ、スコットランド貴族の中から少数の代表者を選び、選ばれた人物がスコットランドを代表するように取り決めを行った。1801年1月にアイルランド王国との合同が行われグレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国が成立したときも、同様の取り決めが行われた。 スコットランドは貴族代表議員を16名選出する権利があり、アイルランドは28名選出する権利があった。スコットランドで選出された貴族代表議員は1会期を務め、議会の解散のたびに新たに選出された、一方、アイルランドの貴族代表議員は終身制だった。1922年12月にアイルランドが自治領のアイルランド自由国として実質的に独立したことにより、アイルランド貴族代表議員の選挙は終焉した（ただし、すでに選出されたアイルランド貴族代表議員は死去まで議席を維持した）。スコットランド貴族代表議員については1963年に全員が貴族院議員となる資格を得たことで、選挙を行う必要はなくなった。 1999年貴族院法により、貴族代表議員の制度が新しく導入されたことで、貴族院に議席を持つ世襲貴族は92名に制限された。 (ja) 在英國，貴族代表議員（英語：Representative peer）特指1963年前由蘇格蘭或愛爾蘭貴族互選產生之上議院議員。《1999年上議院法令》通過前，所有英格蘭貴族均擁有上議院當然席位，並不需透過互選產生。此特權同時適用於1707年後冊封之大不列顛貴族及1801年後冊封之聯合王國貴族。 貴族代表議員一制始於1707年英格蘭王國與蘇格蘭王國之合併，當時英格蘭及蘇格蘭兩國分別有168位及154位貴族。英格蘭一方擔心兩國合併後上議院會有過多蘇格蘭貴族，因此在談判中確保蘇格蘭一方只會選出少數代表進入上議院議事。大不列顛王國與愛爾蘭王國於1801年合併時也采用類似方式。 蘇格蘭貴族有權選出16名代表議員，而愛爾蘭貴族則有權選出28名代表議員。蘇格蘭代表之任期與國會任期相同，國會解散後蘇格蘭貴族會互選產生新一屆代表；愛爾蘭代表之任期則爲終身。愛爾蘭代表議員的選舉在愛爾蘭自由邦自治領於1922年12月成立後便停止舉辦，但當時在任的議員則獲准繼續出任議員直至去世。蘇格蘭代表議員的選舉於1963年停止舉辦（當年通過的允許所有蘇格蘭貴族於上議院擁有席位，不再需以互選產生）。 《1999年上議院法令》設立了與代表議員制度相類似的議席，允許部分世襲貴族出任上議院議員。 (zh) |
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http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/hoflbpmembership.pdf https://archive.org/details/constitutionalh20maygoog https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=HYs_8oTQTDIC&pg=PA289 http://www.burkes-peerage.net/articles/ireland/page93.aspx https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt%3Fid=osu.32435072671522&view=2up&seq=954 https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064928/http:/www.burkespeerage.com/articles/ireland/page93.aspx http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/anglo_irish/dfaexhib2.html https://web.archive.org/web/20080908100412/http:/www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldselect/ldprivi/106i/106i01.htm |
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Au Royaume-Uni, les pairs représentatifs sont les pairs élus par les membres de la pairie d'Écosse et de la pairie d'Irlande pour siéger à la Chambre des lords britannique. Jusqu'en 1999, tous les membres de la pairie d'Angleterre ont le droit de siéger à la Chambre des Lords. Tous les pairs créés après 1707 en tant que pairs de Grande-Bretagne et après 1801 en tant que pairs du Royaume-Uni ont ce même droit. (fr) Nel Regno Unito, la parìa rappresentativa era composta da quei pari eletti tra i membri della Parìa di Scozia e la Parìa d'Irlanda che sono quindi chiamati a sedere nella Camera dei lord britannica. Un tempo, solo i membri della Paria d'Inghilterra avevano diritto a sedere alla Camera dei lord; essi non erano eletti ed erano un gruppo limitato di rappresentanti. Tutti i pari creati dopo il 1707 nella parìa di Gran Bretagna e dopo il 1801 nella Parìa del Regno Unito hanno ottenuto il privilegio di sedere nella Camera dei lord. (it) 在英國，貴族代表議員（英語：Representative peer）特指1963年前由蘇格蘭或愛爾蘭貴族互選產生之上議院議員。《1999年上議院法令》通過前，所有英格蘭貴族均擁有上議院當然席位，並不需透過互選產生。此特權同時適用於1707年後冊封之大不列顛貴族及1801年後冊封之聯合王國貴族。 貴族代表議員一制始於1707年英格蘭王國與蘇格蘭王國之合併，當時英格蘭及蘇格蘭兩國分別有168位及154位貴族。英格蘭一方擔心兩國合併後上議院會有過多蘇格蘭貴族，因此在談判中確保蘇格蘭一方只會選出少數代表進入上議院議事。大不列顛王國與愛爾蘭王國於1801年合併時也采用類似方式。 蘇格蘭貴族有權選出16名代表議員，而愛爾蘭貴族則有權選出28名代表議員。蘇格蘭代表之任期與國會任期相同，國會解散後蘇格蘭貴族會互選產生新一屆代表；愛爾蘭代表之任期則爲終身。愛爾蘭代表議員的選舉在愛爾蘭自由邦自治領於1922年12月成立後便停止舉辦，但當時在任的議員則獲准繼續出任議員直至去世。蘇格蘭代表議員的選舉於1963年停止舉辦（當年通過的允許所有蘇格蘭貴族於上議院擁有席位，不再需以互選產生）。 《1999年上議院法令》設立了與代表議員制度相類似的議席，允許部分世襲貴族出任上議院議員。 (zh) Representative Peers waren im Vereinigten Königreich diejenigen Peers, die von den Mitgliedern der Peerage of Scotland und der Peerage of Ireland gewählt wurden, um im britischen House of Lords zu sitzen. Mitglieder der Peerage of England, der Peerage of Great Britain und der Peerage of the United Kingdom hatten hingegen bis 1999 unmittelbar das Recht im House of Lords zu sitzen. (de) In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. Until 1999, all members of the Peerage of England held the right to sit in the House of Lords; they did not elect a limited group of representatives. All peers who were created after 1707 as Peers of Great Britain and after 1801 as Peers of the United Kingdom held the same right to sit in the House of Lords. (en) イギリスにおける貴族代表議員（きぞくだいひょうぎいん、英語: representative peer）は、スコットランド貴族およびアイルランド貴族からイギリスの貴族院に参加するために選ばれた者をいう。イングランド貴族、グレートブリテン貴族、連合王国貴族は1999年まで貴族院議員たる資格を全員が持っており、代表を選出するようなことはなかった。 貴族代表議員制度が導入されたのは合同法成立後の1707年のことである。イングランド王国とスコットランド王国が統一され、グレートブリテン王国が成立した際、168人のイングランド貴族に対し、154人のスコットランド貴族が存在した。イングランド貴族は、大勢のスコットランド貴族が貴族院になだれ込み、貴族院を支配してしまうことを恐れ、スコットランド貴族の中から少数の代表者を選び、選ばれた人物がスコットランドを代表するように取り決めを行った。1801年1月にアイルランド王国との合同が行われグレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国が成立したときも、同様の取り決めが行われた。 1999年貴族院法により、貴族代表議員の制度が新しく導入されたことで、貴族院に議席を持つ世襲貴族は92名に制限された。 (ja) |
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dbr:Henry_Hepburne-Scott,_10th_Lord_Polwarth dbr:Henry_Maxwell,_7th_Baron_Farnham dbr:Henry_Moore,_10th_Earl_of_Drogheda dbr:Henry_Prittie,_2nd_Baron_Dunalley dbr:Henry_Prittie,_4th_Baron_Dunalley dbr:Henry_Ward,_5th_Viscount_Bangor dbr:High_Constables_and_Guard_of_Honour_of_the_Palace_of_Holyroodhouse dbr:Thomas_Hamilton,_6th_Earl_of_Haddington dbr:Thomas_Knox,_1st_Viscount_Northland dbr:Thomas_McClintock-Bunbury,_2nd_Baron_Rathdonnell dbr:Thomas_Pakenham,_2nd_Earl_of_Longford dbr:Thomas_Vesey,_3rd_Viscount_de_Vesci |
| is dbp:office of |
dbr:Archibald_Kennedy,_1st_Marquess_of_Ailsa dbr:John_Bourke,_4th_Earl_of_Mayo |
| is dbp:title of |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Representative_peer |
