Seminole (original) (raw)
Seminolové jsou indiánský kmen žijící v USA. V současnosti má asi 12 000 příslušníků, kteří jsou rozděleni do dvou skupin: jedna žije v Oklahomě, druhá na Floridě.
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| dbo:abstract | Seminolové jsou indiánský kmen žijící v USA. V současnosti má asi 12 000 příslušníků, kteří jsou rozděleni do dvou skupin: jedna žije v Oklahomě, druhá na Floridě. (cs) Els seminola són una tribu índia de parla muskogi (grup hoka-sioux), el nom de la qual procedeix del creek Isti simanoli "desertors" o "meridionals", o bé de l'espanyol cimarrón. Ells s'anomenaven Ikaniuksalgi "Gent de la Península". Antigament vivien al nord de la Península de Florida. Actualment estan dividits en dos grups. El més nombrós viu a Wewoka (Oklahoma), i la resta viu a Florida, a les reserves de Big Cypress Swamp (els mikasuki), Brighton, Dania, Seminole i Tamiami Trail. (ca) سيمينول هي قبيلة أمريكية أصلية في ولاية فلوريدا. وهي تضم ثلاث قبائل معترف بها فدراليا ومجموعات مستقلة، ويعيش معظمهم في أوكلاهوما مع أقلية في فلوريدا. نشأت أمة السمينول من قبائل كريك في مناطق شمال موسكوجي. وكلمة سيمينول هو تحريف لكلمة سيمارون Cimarron، وهو مصطلح إسباني يعني «الهارب» أو «البري». خلال العقود الأولى من الوجود الأوروبي، أصبح السيمينول مستقلين من مجموعات الكريك الأخرى وكونوا هويتهم الخاصة. كما طوروا شبكة تجارة مزدهرة خلال فترات الحكم الأسباني الثانية والحكم البريطاني على فلوريدا (حوالي 1767-1821). توسعت القبيلة بشكل كبير خلال هذا الوقت، وزاد عددها في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر قبل السود الأحرار والعبيد الفارين الذين استقروا في المناطق القريبة ودفعوا الجزية لقبائل السيمينول. عرف هؤلاء باسم السيمينول السود، وإن أبقوا على ثقافتهم الخاصة من إقليم المنخفضات. كما طوروا لغة أفريقية-سيمينولية هجينة، والتي تحدثوا بها خلال القرن التاسع عشر بعد نقلهم إلى الأراضي الهندية. يستمد السيمينول ثقافتهم إلى حد كبير من ثقافة الكريك؛ وأهم احتفالاتهم هو رقصة الذرة الخضراء؛ وتشمل التقاليد البارزة الأخرى استخدام الشراب الأسود وطقوس التبغ. كما كونوا تقاليدهم المحلية عندما تكيفوا مع مناخ فلوريدا، مثل بناء المنازل المفتوحة ذات أسقف القش المعروفة باسم تشيكي. وتحدث سيمينول في تاريخهم لغات كريك، وميكاسوكي وماسكوغي. قامت الولايات المتحدة بأخذ فلوريدا من إسبانيا في عام 1819، وزاد المستوطنون الضغط على أراضي السيمينول. خلال فترة حروب السيمينول (1818-1858)، كانت القبيلة محصورة على محمية كبيرة في وسط شبه جزيرة فلوريدا بموجب معاهدة مولتري كريك (1823)، ثم طردوا من أراضيهم وفقا لمعاهدة باينز لاندينغ (1832). وبحلول عام 1842، أجبر أكثر السيمينول والسيمينول السود على الانتقال إلى الأراضي الهندية إلى الغرب من نهر مسيسيبي. تحالف أكثرية السيمينول في أوكلاهوما مع الكونفدرالية خلال الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية، وكان عليهم بعدها توقيع معاهدة جديدة مع الولايات المتحدة، بما في ذلك حرية السيمينول السود ومنحهم عضوية القبيلة. وأغلب سكان المحمية اليوم مدخلون في أمة سيمينول في أوكلاهوما المعترف بها فدراليا، بينما ينتمي البعض الآخر إلى جماعات غير منظمة. بقي أقل من 200 فرد من السيمينول في فلوريدا بعد حرب السيمينول الثالثة (1855-1858)، لكنهم نمّوا بداخلهم العودة في العادات والتقاليد وروح الاستقلال. وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، أعاد السيمينول في فلوريدا إنشاء العلاقات بشكل محدود مع حكومة الولايات المتحدة في عام 1930 وتلقوا 5000 فدان (20 كم مربع) من أراضي المحمية. انتقل عدد قليل من السيمينول إلى المحميات حتى الأربعينات؛ أعادوا بعدها تنظيم حكومتهم، وتلقوا اعترافا فدراليا عام 1957 بوصفهم قبيلة سيمينول من فلوريدا. أما القبائل التي تعيش بالقرب من درب تاميامي تلقت اعترافا فدراليا بوصفهم قبيلة ميكوسوكي عام 1962. رفع السيمينول في أوكلاهوما وفلوريدا دعاوى مطالبة بالأرض في الخمسينات، والتي أسفرت عن تسويات حكومية عام 1976. في عام 1990 أعادت القبائل التفاوض حول الاتفاق على تقسيم التسوية، وحكم بالثقة يستفيد به الأعضاء من التعليم وغيره من الفوائد. أسس سيمينول فلوريدا نوادي قمار على المحمية في أواخر السبعينات، بعد أن ربحوا قضايا المحكمة لأنشاء أندية القمار التي اعتمدتها العديد من القبائل لتوليد إيرادات الرعاية والتعليم والتنمية. (ar) Die Seminolen sind eine Ethnie der Indianer Nordamerikas. Vor den ethnischen Säuberungen durch die Vereinigten Staaten lag ihr Siedlungsgebiet im nördlichen Florida. Heute leben sie überwiegend in Oklahoma sowie im Süden Floridas. Während des 18. Jahrhunderts wanderten Angehörige der Creek und Mikasuki sowie Gruppen kleinerer indigener Völker aus dem Gebiet der heutigen Bundesstaaten Mississippi, Alabama und Georgia in Florida ein. Zu ihnen kamen noch entlaufene afroamerikanische Sklaven. Während dieser Zeit setzte die Ethnogenese der Seminolen ein. Die meisten Seminolen sprachen (Mvskoke). Diese Sprache ist ein Teil der Sprachfamilie der Muskogee-Sprachen, die 1990 noch von 6000 der ca. 20.000 Creek und Seminolen gesprochen wurde. Die Mikasuki unter ihnen sprachen das verwandte und zur selben Sprachfamilie gehörende Hitchiti-Mikasuki, welches heute noch von ca. 500 Angehörigen der Mikasuki in Florida gesprochen wird. (de) Seminola (ingelesez: seminole) Ipar Amerikako amerindiar herria da. XVIII. mendearen bukaeran creek, , eta herriek Floridako iparraldean hartu zuten bizilekua, eta 1775etik aurrera seminola deitu zitzaien hizkuntzan mintzo ziren amerindiar hauei. Seminolek babesa ematen zieten esklabo beltz eta amerindiarrei eta gerretako iheslariei. Ehiza eta arrantza zuten bizibide. Hiru gerra izan ziren seminolen eta Estatu Batuetako gobernuaren artean. Lehenengoa 1817an hasi zen; Floridara ihes egindako esklabo beltzak harrapatzearen aitzakiatan Jackson jeneralak Florida inbaditu zuen; 1819an Espainiak eta Estatu Batuek hitzarmen bat sinatu zuten eta Florida Espainiaren mende geratu zen. Bigarren gerrak 1836tik 1846ra iraun zuen. Estatu Batuetako gobernuak seminolak Missouriko erreserbetara eraman nahi zituen; seminolek ez zuten onartu erbesteratze hori eta borrokan ari izan ziren harik eta soldaduek Osceola buruzagia azpikeriaz atxilotu zuten arte. Orduan seminolak Oklahomara eraman zituzten, creek nazioa bizi zen erreserbara. Seminolei eta txeroki, , creek eta herriei bost tribu zibilizatuak esan zitzaien. Leinu bakoitzak gobernu autonomo bat izan zuen hamabost urtez, Estatu Batuetako gobernuaren ereduari jarraitzen ziona, baina 1907an Oklahoma estatu bihurtu zenean indiarren gobernu horiek desagertu egin ziren. Estatu Batuetako gobernua Floridan geratu ziren seminolak mendean hartzen saiatu zen eta hirugarren gerra hasi zen, 1855etik 1858ra iraun zuena. Azkenean Estatu Batuek beren lurraldea erosi zieten seminolei eta mendebalera eraman zituzten. 1970. urtean mila seminola inguru geratzen ziren Floridan. 2000. urteko datuen arabera, 27.431 seminola eta 189 mikasuki inguru bizi ziren Estatu Batuetako Oklahoma, Florida, Texas, eta Bahama uharteetan, eta Mexikoko Coahuila estatuan banatuak. (eu) Los seminolas son una tribu indígena de Norteamérica de la familia lingüística muscogui. No está claro si su nombre procede de la palabra «muscogui» (Isti) simano-li, que significa «desertores» o «meridionales», o del término español «cimarrón» (de esta palabra española deriva el nombre «marrons» con que los llamaron los francófonos). Ellos mismos se llaman «Ikaniuksalgi», que significa «gente de la península». Antiguamente residían al norte de la península de Florida. Actualmente están divididos en dos grupos. El más numeroso vive en Wevoka (condado de Seminole, Oklahoma) y el resto sigue viviendo en Florida, en las reservas de / (los mikasuki), Brighton, Dania, Seminole y Tamiami Trail. (es) Les Séminoles sont un peuple amérindien d'Amérique du Nord. Ils résident maintenant en Floride, État dont ils sont originaires, et en Oklahoma. La nation séminole a émergé au XVIIIe siècle ; elle était composée d'Indiens des actuels États de Géorgie, du Mississippi, de l'Alabama, et de Floride, le plus souvent issus de la nation Creek mais aussi d'Afro-Américains fuyant l'esclavage de Géorgie (voir Séminoles noirs). Tandis qu'environ 3 000 Séminoles étaient déportés à l'ouest du fleuve Mississippi, y compris la nation séminole de l'Oklahoma, qui s'est enrichie de nouveaux membres au cours du voyage, de 300 à 500 Séminoles sont restés et ont combattu dans et autour des Everglades en Floride. 1 500 soldats des États-Unis sont morts dans une suite de trois guerres contre les Séminoles de Floride mais aucun traité formel de paix ne leur ayant été imposé ou même proposé, ils ne se sont jamais rendus au gouvernement des États-Unis. C'est pourquoi, les Séminoles de Floride se nomment eux-mêmes « le peuple invaincu ». Leur nom actuel est une déformation du mot Mvskoke (une langue Creek) simano-li, lui-même une adaptation de l'espagnol cimarrón, qui signifie « sauvage », « fuyard ». Le pilote Willis légua à la N.124 son insigne personnel, celle d'un chef séminole. La « tête de Sioux » devint, en avril 1917, l'emblème officiel de l'Escadrille La Fayette. Aujourd'hui, les Séminoles ont la souveraineté sur leurs terres tribales ; leur économie repose sur le tabac, le tourisme et le jeu. « Séminoles » est également le surnom des équipes sportives de l'Université d'État de Floride. (fr) The Seminole are a Native American people who developed in Florida in the 18th century. Today, they live in Oklahoma and Florida, and comprise three federally recognized tribes: the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, as well as independent groups. The Seminole people emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native American groups who settled in Spanish Florida beginning in the early 1700s, most significantly northern Muscogee Creeks from what is now Georgia and Alabama. The word "Seminole" is derived from the Muscogee word simanó-li. This may have been adapted from the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning "runaway" or "wild one". Seminole culture is largely derived from that of the Creek; the most important ceremony is the Green Corn Dance; other notable traditions include use of the black drink and ritual tobacco. As the Seminole adapted to Florida environs, they developed local traditions, such as the construction of open-air, thatched-roof houses known as chickees. Historically the Seminole spoke Mikasuki and Creek, both Muskogean languages. Florida had been the home of several indigenous cultures prior the arrival of European explorers in the early 1500s. However, the introduction of Eurasian infectious diseases, along with conflict with Spanish and English colonists, led to a drastic decline of Florida's original native population. By the early 1700s, much of La Florida was uninhabited apart from towns at St. Augustine and Pensacola. A stream of mainly Muscogee Creek began moving into the territory at that time to escape conflict with English colonists to the north and established towns mainly in the Florida panhandle. In part due to the arrival of Native Americans from other cultures, the Seminole became increasingly independent of other Creek groups and established their own identity through ethnogenesis. They developed a thriving trade network by the time of the British and second Spanish periods (roughly 1767–1821). The tribe expanded considerably during this time, and was further supplemented from the late 18th century by escaped slaves from Southern plantations who settled near and paid tribute to Seminole towns. The latter became known as Black Seminoles, although they kept many facets of their own Gullah culture. After the United States achieved independence, settlers in Georgia increased pressure on Seminole lands, and skirmishes near the border led to the First Seminole War (1816–19). The United States purchased Florida from Spain by the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) and took possession in 1821. The Seminole were moved out of their rich farmland in northern Florida and confined to a large reservation in the interior of the Florida peninsula by the Treaty of Moultrie Creek (1823). Passage of the Indian Removal Act (1830) led to the Treaty of Payne's Landing (1832), which called for the relocation of all Seminole to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Some resisted, leading to the Second Seminole War, the bloodiest war against Native Americans in United States history. By 1842, however, most Seminoles and Black Seminoles, facing starvation, were removed to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Perhaps fewer than 200 Seminoles remained in Florida after the Third Seminole War (1855–1858), having taken refuge in the Everglades, from where they never surrendered to the US. They fostered a resurgence in traditional customs and a culture of staunch independence. During the American Civil War, some Seminole bands in Indian Territory allied with the Confederacy, while others were divided between supporting the North and South. After the war, the United States government declared void all prior treaties with the Seminoles of Indian Country because of the "disloyalty" of some in allying with the Confederacy. They required new peace treaties, establishing such conditions as reducing the power of tribal councils, providing freedom or tribal membership for Black Seminoles (at the same time that enslaved African Americans were being emancipated in the South), and forced concessions of tribal land for railroads and other development. The Confederacy had offered aid to the many fewer Seminoles of Florida, to dissuade them from siding with Union forces operating in the southern part of the state. Although supplies were often not delivered as promised due to wartime shortages, the Seminoles had no desire to enter another war and remained neutral. After Removal, the Seminoles in Oklahoma and Florida had little official contact until well into the 20th century. They developed along similar lines as the groups strove to maintain their culture while struggling economically. Most Seminoles in Indian Territory lived on tribal lands centered in what is now Seminole County of the state of Oklahoma. The implementation of the Dawes Rolls in the late 1890s parceled out tribal lands in preparation for the admission of Oklahoma as a state, reducing most Seminoles to subsistence farming on small individual homesteads. While some tribe members left the territory at the time to seek better opportunities, most stayed on. Today, residents of the reservation are enrolled in the federally recognized Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, while others belong to unorganized groups. The Florida Seminole re-established limited relations with the U.S. government in the early 1900s and were officially granted 5,000 acres (20 km2) of reservation land in south Florida in 1930. Members gradually moved to the land, and they reorganized their government and received federal recognition as the Seminole Tribe of Florida in 1957. The more traditional people living near the Tamiami Trail received federal recognition as the Miccosukee Tribe in 1962. Old crafts and traditions were revived in both Florida and Oklahoma in the mid-20th century as the Seminole began seeking tourism dollars from Americans traveling along the new interstate highway system. In the 1970s, Seminole tribes began to run small bingo games on their reservations to raise revenue. They won court challenges to initiate Indian gaming on their sovereign land, which many U.S. tribes have adopted to generate revenues for welfare, education, and development. Given the numerous tourists to the state, the Seminole Tribe of Florida has been particularly successful with gambling establishments since the late 20th century. It purchased the Hard Rock Café in 2007 and has rebranded or opened several casinos and gaming resorts under that name. These include two large resorts on its Tampa and Hollywood reservations that together cost over a billion dollars to construct. (en) Seminole adalah suku Amerika Asli yang berasal dari Florida, yang kini hidup di Florida dan Oklahoma. Negara Seminole punah pada abad ke-18. Kini, mereka memiliki kekuasaan pada tanah mereka, dan ekonomi berdasarkan tembakau, pariwisata dan judi. Seminole juga merupakan simbol tim atletik Universitas Negeri Florida. Seminole awalnya hidup di Georgia Selatan dan berpindah be wilayah Florida Utara, bekas wilayah Apalachee dan Timucua. Sekitar tahun 1775 para migran itu mulai dikenal dengan nama Seminole yang berarti "pelarian" (in) セミノール（Seminole）は、もともとはフロリダ州のインディアンで、現在はその州とオクラホマ州に住んでいる。セミノールは18世紀に出現し、ジョージア州、ミシシッピ州、アラバマ州、そしてフロリダ州から来たインディアンで構成され、もっとも著しく多かったのはクリーク族で、サウス・カロライナ州とジョージア州の奴隷制度から逃亡してきたアフリカ系アメリカ人と同じくらい多かった（→『ブラック・セミノール』を参照）。およそ3,000人のセミノールが、オクラホマ州のセミノール居住区を含むミシシッピ川以西に強制移住させられたが、彼らは独自に新しいメンバーを引き入れた。大体、300から500のセミノール達は、フロリダ州のエバーグレーズとその周辺に留まって戦った。フロリダ州のセミノールに対する一連の戦争では、約1,500人の米国の兵士が戦死した。しかし、正式な平和条約は彼らと結ばれることはなく、彼らはアメリカ政府との闘争を諦めなかった。このため、フロリダ州のセミノールたちは、「征服されなかった人々」と自称する。 マスコギ語族の（マスコギ語、）を話す。 今日、セミノールは彼ら自身の土地で主権を握り、経済はタバコ、観光、カジノを基盤にしている。また、「セミノール」という、フロリダ州立大学の体育チーム（ニックネーム）もある。 (ja) I Seminole sono una popolazione dell'America Settentrionale della famiglia linguistica muscoghiana e dell'area culturale sudorientale, che abitano attualmente le paludi della Florida meridionale. (it) De Seminole zijn een Indiaans volk dat oorspronkelijk Florida bevolkte. Anno 2021 wonen ze voornamelijk in Oklahoma en Florida en bestaan ze uit drie federaal erkende stammen: de Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, de Seminole Tribe of Florida en Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, en daarnaast een aantal onafhankelijke groepen. (nl) 세미놀 족(Seminole)은 문명화된 다섯 부족 중의 하나로 원래 미국 플로리다의 인디언으로 현재는 그 주와 오클라호마주에 살고 있다. 세미놀은 18세기에 출현하였으며, 조지아주, 미시시피주, 앨라배마주, 그리고 플로리다주에서 온 인디언으로 구성되어 있었다. 가장 두드러지게 많았던 것은 크릭 족으로 사우스캐롤라이나주와 조지아 주의 노예 제도에서 도망쳐 온 아프리카계 미국인만큼 많았다. 약 3,000명의 세미놀이 오클라호마의 세미놀 거주 구역을 포함하여 미시시피 강 서쪽에서 강제 이주 당했다가, 그들은 독자적으로 새로운 구성원을 수용했다. 대략 300에서 500의 세미놀들은 플로리다의 에버글레이즈와 주변에 머물면서 싸웠다. 플로리다의 세미놀에 대한 일련의 전쟁에서는 약 1,500명의 미국 군인이 전사했다. 그러나 공식적인 평화조약은 그들과 연결만한 것이 없었고, 그들은 미국 정부와의 투쟁을 포기하지 않았다. 따라서 플로리다의 세미놀들은 "정복되지 않은 사람들"이라고 자칭한다. 오늘 날 세미놀은 자신의 땅에서 주권을 가지고, 경제는 담배, 관광, 카지노를 기반으로 하고 있다. 또한 "세미놀"이라는 플로리다 주립대학교의 체육팀(닉네임)도 있다. (ko) Seminole, som på creekspråket betyder "flyktingar", är en av De fem civiliserade nationerna. (sv) Семинолы (англ. Seminole) — индейское племя, укоренившееся во Флориде, ныне также проживающее на территории Оклахомы. (ru) Seminole – plemię Indian Ameryki Północnej z muskogeńskiej rodziny językowej, wywodzące się z Krików, od których odłączyło się w XVII wieku. Nazwa nadana przez Krików (Sim-in-ol) oznacza „Odszczepieńców”. Seminole sami siebie nazywali Miccosukee. (pl) Os seminoles ou seminolas são um dos grupos indígenas da América do Norte, que vivia em terras do Canadá e dos Estados Unidos, originariamente na Flórida e atualmente estabelecidos em Oklahoma. Foram dizimados do século XV ao século XVII, na época da colonização dos Estados Unidos. Os seminoles faziam parte das chamadas cinco tribos civilizadas. (pt) 塞米諾爾人，或稱塞米諾爾族 （Seminole），是來自佛羅里達州的美洲原住民。現今他們主要居住在奧克拉荷馬州，其中包括三個聯邦認證的部落：奧克拉荷馬州的塞米諾爾部落，佛羅里達州的塞米諾爾部落，以及佛羅里達州的印第安人部落。 (zh) Семіноли (англ. Seminole) — індіанське плем'я, що походить з Флориди, нині також проживає на території Оклахоми . (uk) |
| dbo:language | dbr:English_language dbr:Muscogee_language dbr:Afro-Seminole_Creole dbr:Mikasuki_language dbr:Spanish_Language |
| dbo:populationPlace | dbr:United_States dbr:Florida dbr:Oklahoma |
| dbo:related | dbr:Muscogee dbr:Black_Seminole dbr:Choctaw dbr:Yuchi dbr:Mascogos dbr:Miccosukee dbr:Yamasee dbr:Gullah |
| dbo:religion | dbr:Protestant dbr:Green_Corn_Ceremony dbr:Catholic |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Seminole_mother_and_c...n,_Florida_(8443707301).jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:totalPopulation | 400 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) 4000 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) 15572 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
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| dbp:date | 2007-03-18 (xsd:date) 2018-06-20 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:group | Seminole (en) |
| dbp:imageCaption | A Seminole mother and her children from the Brighton Reservation in Florida. (en) |
| dbp:langs | Cultural: Mikasuki, Muscogee, Afro-Seminole Creole (en) Historical: Spanish (en) Main: English (en) |
| dbp:nativeName | yat'siminoli (en) |
| dbp:popplace | dbr:United_States (en) |
| dbp:population | 400 (xsd:integer) 4000 (xsd:integer) 15572 (xsd:integer) dbr:Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma dbr:Seminole_Tribe_of_Florida dbr:File:Flag_of_the_Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Florida.svg dbr:File:Flag_of_the_Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma.PNG dbr:File:Flag_of_the_Seminole_Tribe_of_Florida.PNG dbr:Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Florida est. 18,600 (en) |
| dbp:related | Subgroup: Black Seminole, Miccosukee, Mascogos (en) Ethnic origin: Choctaw, Muscogee, Yamasee, Yuchi, Gullah (en) |
| dbp:rels | dbr:Protestant dbr:Green_Corn_Ceremony dbr:Catholic |
| dbp:url | https://web.archive.org/web/20070318025428/http:/www.miccosukeeresort.com/tribe.html https://web.archive.org/web/20180620184357/http:/www.seminolenation.com/ |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:African–Native_American_relations dbc:Native_American_tribes_in_Florida dbc:Seminole_tribe dbc:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands dbc:Native_American_tribes_in_Oklahoma |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Tribe |
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| rdfs:comment | Seminolové jsou indiánský kmen žijící v USA. V současnosti má asi 12 000 příslušníků, kteří jsou rozděleni do dvou skupin: jedna žije v Oklahomě, druhá na Floridě. (cs) Els seminola són una tribu índia de parla muskogi (grup hoka-sioux), el nom de la qual procedeix del creek Isti simanoli "desertors" o "meridionals", o bé de l'espanyol cimarrón. Ells s'anomenaven Ikaniuksalgi "Gent de la Península". Antigament vivien al nord de la Península de Florida. Actualment estan dividits en dos grups. El més nombrós viu a Wewoka (Oklahoma), i la resta viu a Florida, a les reserves de Big Cypress Swamp (els mikasuki), Brighton, Dania, Seminole i Tamiami Trail. (ca) Seminole adalah suku Amerika Asli yang berasal dari Florida, yang kini hidup di Florida dan Oklahoma. Negara Seminole punah pada abad ke-18. Kini, mereka memiliki kekuasaan pada tanah mereka, dan ekonomi berdasarkan tembakau, pariwisata dan judi. Seminole juga merupakan simbol tim atletik Universitas Negeri Florida. Seminole awalnya hidup di Georgia Selatan dan berpindah be wilayah Florida Utara, bekas wilayah Apalachee dan Timucua. Sekitar tahun 1775 para migran itu mulai dikenal dengan nama Seminole yang berarti "pelarian" (in) セミノール（Seminole）は、もともとはフロリダ州のインディアンで、現在はその州とオクラホマ州に住んでいる。セミノールは18世紀に出現し、ジョージア州、ミシシッピ州、アラバマ州、そしてフロリダ州から来たインディアンで構成され、もっとも著しく多かったのはクリーク族で、サウス・カロライナ州とジョージア州の奴隷制度から逃亡してきたアフリカ系アメリカ人と同じくらい多かった（→『ブラック・セミノール』を参照）。およそ3,000人のセミノールが、オクラホマ州のセミノール居住区を含むミシシッピ川以西に強制移住させられたが、彼らは独自に新しいメンバーを引き入れた。大体、300から500のセミノール達は、フロリダ州のエバーグレーズとその周辺に留まって戦った。フロリダ州のセミノールに対する一連の戦争では、約1,500人の米国の兵士が戦死した。しかし、正式な平和条約は彼らと結ばれることはなく、彼らはアメリカ政府との闘争を諦めなかった。このため、フロリダ州のセミノールたちは、「征服されなかった人々」と自称する。 マスコギ語族の（マスコギ語、）を話す。 今日、セミノールは彼ら自身の土地で主権を握り、経済はタバコ、観光、カジノを基盤にしている。また、「セミノール」という、フロリダ州立大学の体育チーム（ニックネーム）もある。 (ja) I Seminole sono una popolazione dell'America Settentrionale della famiglia linguistica muscoghiana e dell'area culturale sudorientale, che abitano attualmente le paludi della Florida meridionale. (it) De Seminole zijn een Indiaans volk dat oorspronkelijk Florida bevolkte. Anno 2021 wonen ze voornamelijk in Oklahoma en Florida en bestaan ze uit drie federaal erkende stammen: de Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, de Seminole Tribe of Florida en Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, en daarnaast een aantal onafhankelijke groepen. (nl) 세미놀 족(Seminole)은 문명화된 다섯 부족 중의 하나로 원래 미국 플로리다의 인디언으로 현재는 그 주와 오클라호마주에 살고 있다. 세미놀은 18세기에 출현하였으며, 조지아주, 미시시피주, 앨라배마주, 그리고 플로리다주에서 온 인디언으로 구성되어 있었다. 가장 두드러지게 많았던 것은 크릭 족으로 사우스캐롤라이나주와 조지아 주의 노예 제도에서 도망쳐 온 아프리카계 미국인만큼 많았다. 약 3,000명의 세미놀이 오클라호마의 세미놀 거주 구역을 포함하여 미시시피 강 서쪽에서 강제 이주 당했다가, 그들은 독자적으로 새로운 구성원을 수용했다. 대략 300에서 500의 세미놀들은 플로리다의 에버글레이즈와 주변에 머물면서 싸웠다. 플로리다의 세미놀에 대한 일련의 전쟁에서는 약 1,500명의 미국 군인이 전사했다. 그러나 공식적인 평화조약은 그들과 연결만한 것이 없었고, 그들은 미국 정부와의 투쟁을 포기하지 않았다. 따라서 플로리다의 세미놀들은 "정복되지 않은 사람들"이라고 자칭한다. 오늘 날 세미놀은 자신의 땅에서 주권을 가지고, 경제는 담배, 관광, 카지노를 기반으로 하고 있다. 또한 "세미놀"이라는 플로리다 주립대학교의 체육팀(닉네임)도 있다. (ko) Seminole, som på creekspråket betyder "flyktingar", är en av De fem civiliserade nationerna. (sv) Семинолы (англ. Seminole) — индейское племя, укоренившееся во Флориде, ныне также проживающее на территории Оклахомы. (ru) Seminole – plemię Indian Ameryki Północnej z muskogeńskiej rodziny językowej, wywodzące się z Krików, od których odłączyło się w XVII wieku. Nazwa nadana przez Krików (Sim-in-ol) oznacza „Odszczepieńców”. Seminole sami siebie nazywali Miccosukee. (pl) Os seminoles ou seminolas são um dos grupos indígenas da América do Norte, que vivia em terras do Canadá e dos Estados Unidos, originariamente na Flórida e atualmente estabelecidos em Oklahoma. Foram dizimados do século XV ao século XVII, na época da colonização dos Estados Unidos. Os seminoles faziam parte das chamadas cinco tribos civilizadas. (pt) 塞米諾爾人，或稱塞米諾爾族 （Seminole），是來自佛羅里達州的美洲原住民。現今他們主要居住在奧克拉荷馬州，其中包括三個聯邦認證的部落：奧克拉荷馬州的塞米諾爾部落，佛羅里達州的塞米諾爾部落，以及佛羅里達州的印第安人部落。 (zh) Семіноли (англ. Seminole) — індіанське плем'я, що походить з Флориди, нині також проживає на території Оклахоми . (uk) سيمينول هي قبيلة أمريكية أصلية في ولاية فلوريدا. وهي تضم ثلاث قبائل معترف بها فدراليا ومجموعات مستقلة، ويعيش معظمهم في أوكلاهوما مع أقلية في فلوريدا. نشأت أمة السمينول من قبائل كريك في مناطق شمال موسكوجي. وكلمة سيمينول هو تحريف لكلمة سيمارون Cimarron، وهو مصطلح إسباني يعني «الهارب» أو «البري». (ar) Die Seminolen sind eine Ethnie der Indianer Nordamerikas. Vor den ethnischen Säuberungen durch die Vereinigten Staaten lag ihr Siedlungsgebiet im nördlichen Florida. Heute leben sie überwiegend in Oklahoma sowie im Süden Floridas. Während des 18. Jahrhunderts wanderten Angehörige der Creek und Mikasuki sowie Gruppen kleinerer indigener Völker aus dem Gebiet der heutigen Bundesstaaten Mississippi, Alabama und Georgia in Florida ein. Zu ihnen kamen noch entlaufene afroamerikanische Sklaven. Während dieser Zeit setzte die Ethnogenese der Seminolen ein. (de) Seminola (ingelesez: seminole) Ipar Amerikako amerindiar herria da. XVIII. mendearen bukaeran creek, , eta herriek Floridako iparraldean hartu zuten bizilekua, eta 1775etik aurrera seminola deitu zitzaien hizkuntzan mintzo ziren amerindiar hauei. Seminolek babesa ematen zieten esklabo beltz eta amerindiarrei eta gerretako iheslariei. Ehiza eta arrantza zuten bizibide. 2000. urteko datuen arabera, 27.431 seminola eta 189 mikasuki inguru bizi ziren Estatu Batuetako Oklahoma, Florida, Texas, eta Bahama uharteetan, eta Mexikoko Coahuila estatuan banatuak. (eu) Los seminolas son una tribu indígena de Norteamérica de la familia lingüística muscogui. No está claro si su nombre procede de la palabra «muscogui» (Isti) simano-li, que significa «desertores» o «meridionales», o del término español «cimarrón» (de esta palabra española deriva el nombre «marrons» con que los llamaron los francófonos). Ellos mismos se llaman «Ikaniuksalgi», que significa «gente de la península». (es) Les Séminoles sont un peuple amérindien d'Amérique du Nord. Ils résident maintenant en Floride, État dont ils sont originaires, et en Oklahoma. La nation séminole a émergé au XVIIIe siècle ; elle était composée d'Indiens des actuels États de Géorgie, du Mississippi, de l'Alabama, et de Floride, le plus souvent issus de la nation Creek mais aussi d'Afro-Américains fuyant l'esclavage de Géorgie (voir Séminoles noirs). Tandis qu'environ 3 000 Séminoles étaient déportés à l'ouest du fleuve Mississippi, y compris la nation séminole de l'Oklahoma, qui s'est enrichie de nouveaux membres au cours du voyage, de 300 à 500 Séminoles sont restés et ont combattu dans et autour des Everglades en Floride. 1 500 soldats des États-Unis sont morts dans une suite de trois guerres contre les Séminoles de Flor (fr) The Seminole are a Native American people who developed in Florida in the 18th century. Today, they live in Oklahoma and Florida, and comprise three federally recognized tribes: the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, as well as independent groups. The Seminole people emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native American groups who settled in Spanish Florida beginning in the early 1700s, most significantly northern Muscogee Creeks from what is now Georgia and Alabama. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Seminole (en) سيمينول (ar) Seminola (ca) Seminolové (cs) Seminolen (de) Seminola (eu) Semínola (es) Séminoles (fr) Seminole (in) Seminole (it) セミノール (ja) 세미놀족 (ko) Seminole (volk) (nl) Seminole (Indianie) (pl) Seminoles (pt) Семинолы (ru) Seminoler (sv) Семіноли (uk) 塞米諾爾人 (zh) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Seminole?oldid=1123477001&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Seminole_patchwork_shawl.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/A_Seminole_Woman.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Coeehajo.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Florida.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Seminole_Tribe_of_Florida.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/SEMINOLE_(Ship)_(c112-02-26).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Seminole_Indian_Thanksgiving_Meal_(5184648544).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Seminole_family_Cypress_Tiger.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Seminole_mother_and_c...Reservation,_Florida_(8443707301).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Escaping_To_Freedom_In_The_Bahamas_sign_01.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma.png |
| foaf:homepage | http://www.seminolenation.com/ |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Seminole |
| foaf:name | Seminole (en) |
| is dbo:knownFor of | dbr:Ethel_Cutler_Freeman |
| is dbo:nationality of | dbr:Hulleah_Tsinhnahjinnie dbr:Jerome_Tiger |
| is dbo:occupation of | dbr:Josie_Billie |
| is dbo:related of | dbr:Muscogee dbr:Choctaw dbr:Alabama–Quassarte_Tribal_Town dbr:Hitchiti dbr:Jena_Band_of_Choctaw_Indians dbr:Chickasaw dbr:Kialegee_Tribal_Town dbr:Miccosukee dbr:Yamasee dbr:Thlopthlocco_Tribal_Town dbr:Muscogee_Nation__Muscogee_Nation__1 |
| is dbo:relative of | dbr:Acee_Blue_Eagle |
| is dbo:spokenIn of | dbr:Muscogee_language |
| is dbo:stateOfOrigin of | dbr:Hulleah_Tsinhnahjinnie dbr:Jerome_Tiger |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Seminole_(disambiguation) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Simanó˙li dbr:Seminoles dbr:Seminole_Indians dbr:Seminole_people dbr:Seminole_(tribe) dbr:Seminole_Indian dbr:Seminole_Nation dbr:Seminole_Tribe dbr:Seminole_tribe |
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| is dbp:allegiance of | dbr:Thlocklo_Tustenuggee |
| is dbp:combatant of | dbr:Battle_of_Chusto-Talasah dbr:Battle_of_Lake_Okeechobee dbr:Battle_of_Pine_Island_Ridge dbr:Battle_of_San_Felasco_Hammock dbr:Battle_of_Wahoo_Swamp dbr:Battles_of_the_Loxahatchee dbr:American_Revolutionary_War dbr:Dade_battle dbr:Second_Seminole_War dbr:Seminole_Wars |
| is dbp:ethnicity of | dbr:Mikasuki_language |
| is dbp:mascot of | dbr:Osceola_High_School_(Arkansas) dbr:Osceola_School_District_(Arkansas) |
| is dbp:namedFor of | dbr:Seminole_County,_Florida |
| is dbp:nationality of | dbr:Hulleah_Tsinhnahjinnie |
| is dbp:populationDemonym of | dbr:Seminole_Nation_of_Oklahoma |
| is dbp:related of | dbr:Hitchiti |
| is dbp:relatedGroups of | dbr:Freedmen_(ethnic_group) |
| is dbp:shipNamesake of | dbr:MV_Seminole |
| is dbp:tribe of | dbr:Osceola dbr:Joe_Dan_Osceola dbr:Bolek |
| is gold:hypernym of | dbr:William_W._Mackall dbr:Adam_Paine dbr:Dana_Tiger dbr:John_Ward_(Medal_of_Honor) dbr:Isaac_Payne dbr:Billy_Bowlegs_III dbr:Ee-mat-la dbr:Pompey_Factor dbr:Sonuk_Mikko |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Seminole |
