Steward (office) (original) (raw)

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Lugarteniente general del Reino (en francés: Lieutenant Général du Royaume) fue un título o cargo que existió en Francia durante el Antiguo Régimen y durante la Restauración borbónica, y en España (bajo la forma Lugarteniente del Reino durante el reinado de Carlos II​ –añadiéndose el "General" ya durante la ocupación francesa—) y que era entregado por el rey a un personaje importante en situaciones de crisis, para que ejerciera en su nombre el poder real.

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dbo:abstract Lugarteniente general del Reino (en francés: Lieutenant Général du Royaume) fue un título o cargo que existió en Francia durante el Antiguo Régimen y durante la Restauración borbónica, y en España (bajo la forma Lugarteniente del Reino durante el reinado de Carlos II​ –añadiéndose el "General" ya durante la ocupación francesa—) y que era entregado por el rey a un personaje importante en situaciones de crisis, para que ejerciera en su nombre el poder real. (es) Le lieutenant du roi est un représentant d'un monarque à l'échelon local. (fr) A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country and who may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, it is synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy, king's lieutenant (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus, or vicarius). (en) La luogotenenza di un regno è un istituto di tipo regale affidato ad una figura di alto livello, il quale, in caso di assenza del monarca, o in un particolare territorio del Regno, potrà assumere i poteri regali, fino a anche la reggenza del Regno. (it) 궁내관(Steward)는 유럽 봉건제의 궁정 직책 중 하나다. 영어 낱말 "스튜어드(steward)"의 어원은 앵글로색슨어 낱말 stiȝweard이다. 이 낱말은 11세기부터 발견되기 시작하며, 어원은 "집안(stiȝ)+관리자(weard)"다. weard은 을 의미하는 warden의 어원이기도 하다. 네덜란드어에서는 스타트허우더(stadhouder), 독일어에서는 슈타트할터(Statthalter)라고 한다. 이 게르만계 낱말들은 지금은 위관급 장교를 의미하는 프랑스 어원의 lieutenant와 역할이 같다. 동유럽에서는 가 이에 대응하는 역할이라 할 수 있다. 원래 궁내관은 영주의 영지와 집안을 모두 감독하는 내직이었다. 그러다 한 세기쯤이 지나면서 다른 내직들이 부상하며 권한이 분리되기 시작했다. 성주가 부재중일 때 그 성의 궁내관이 성을 관리했고, 장원의 농노들에게서 세금을 걷는 일도 궁내관이 했다. 이 기능이 강화되다 보니 궁내관은 주권자가 자신을 대리하여 지방에 파견 보낸 대행자, 이후 식민지 시기의 총독, 부왕과 같은 역할을 하게 된다. 네덜란드의 경우 신성로마황제가 궁내관(스타트허우더)을 보내 다스리던 곳이었는데, 네덜란드 독립 세력이 이 "궁내관"을 자신들의 지도자의 칭호로 사용하면서 네덜란드는 16세기에서 18세기에 이르기까지 대리할 왕이 없는 궁내관(오라녜-나사우가가 세습함)을 국가원수로 하는 기묘한 공화국이 되었다. 영국의 스튜어트 왕조도 브루스 왕조가 단절되었을 때 브루스 왕조의 궁내관("스튜어트")이었던 스튜어트가가 왕위에 올라 수립된 왕조다. (ko)
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rdfs:comment Lugarteniente general del Reino (en francés: Lieutenant Général du Royaume) fue un título o cargo que existió en Francia durante el Antiguo Régimen y durante la Restauración borbónica, y en España (bajo la forma Lugarteniente del Reino durante el reinado de Carlos II​ –añadiéndose el "General" ya durante la ocupación francesa—) y que era entregado por el rey a un personaje importante en situaciones de crisis, para que ejerciera en su nombre el poder real. (es) Le lieutenant du roi est un représentant d'un monarque à l'échelon local. (fr) A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country and who may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, it is synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy, king's lieutenant (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus, or vicarius). (en) La luogotenenza di un regno è un istituto di tipo regale affidato ad una figura di alto livello, il quale, in caso di assenza del monarca, o in un particolare territorio del Regno, potrà assumere i poteri regali, fino a anche la reggenza del Regno. (it) 궁내관(Steward)는 유럽 봉건제의 궁정 직책 중 하나다. 영어 낱말 "스튜어드(steward)"의 어원은 앵글로색슨어 낱말 stiȝweard이다. 이 낱말은 11세기부터 발견되기 시작하며, 어원은 "집안(stiȝ)+관리자(weard)"다. weard은 을 의미하는 warden의 어원이기도 하다. 네덜란드어에서는 스타트허우더(stadhouder), 독일어에서는 슈타트할터(Statthalter)라고 한다. 이 게르만계 낱말들은 지금은 위관급 장교를 의미하는 프랑스 어원의 lieutenant와 역할이 같다. 동유럽에서는 가 이에 대응하는 역할이라 할 수 있다. 원래 궁내관은 영주의 영지와 집안을 모두 감독하는 내직이었다. 그러다 한 세기쯤이 지나면서 다른 내직들이 부상하며 권한이 분리되기 시작했다. 성주가 부재중일 때 그 성의 궁내관이 성을 관리했고, 장원의 농노들에게서 세금을 걷는 일도 궁내관이 했다. 이 기능이 강화되다 보니 궁내관은 주권자가 자신을 대리하여 지방에 파견 보낸 대행자, 이후 식민지 시기의 총독, 부왕과 같은 역할을 하게 된다. (ko)
rdfs:label Lugarteniente General del Reino (es) Lieutenant du roi (fr) Luogotenenza del regno (it) 궁내관 (ko) Steward (office) (en)
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