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اليومَن (Yeoman) مصطلح يطلق على التابع، أو المالك الزّراعي الصغير، أو خادم السيد الإقطاعي، وذلك أواخر العصور الوسطى في إنجلترا. وقد استُخدمَ هذا الاسم في القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، لموظفي منازل النّبلاء، وصغار المُلاّك، والفلاحين في مزارع الإقطاعيين. وأصبح اليومنيون في عهد تيودور (1485- 1603م) طبقة مستقلة، وكانوا أرفع مقامًا من الفلاحين والعمال، إلاّ أن مرتباتهم أدنى من السادة وأصحاب الضِياع. ثم شَكَّل رجال هذه الطبقة في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر فرق فرسانهم الخاصة بهم، والمسماة باليومنيين، وهو حرس وطني من الفرسان الإنجليز. وقد تمّ تنظيم اليومنيين رسميًّا من خلال قانون برلماني عام 1794م.

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dbo:abstract اليومَن (Yeoman) مصطلح يطلق على التابع، أو المالك الزّراعي الصغير، أو خادم السيد الإقطاعي، وذلك أواخر العصور الوسطى في إنجلترا. وقد استُخدمَ هذا الاسم في القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، لموظفي منازل النّبلاء، وصغار المُلاّك، والفلاحين في مزارع الإقطاعيين. وأصبح اليومنيون في عهد تيودور (1485- 1603م) طبقة مستقلة، وكانوا أرفع مقامًا من الفلاحين والعمال، إلاّ أن مرتباتهم أدنى من السادة وأصحاب الضِياع. ثم شَكَّل رجال هذه الطبقة في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر فرق فرسانهم الخاصة بهم، والمسماة باليومنيين، وهو حرس وطني من الفرسان الإنجليز. وقد تمّ تنظيم اليومنيين رسميًّا من خلال قانون برلماني عام 1794م. (ar) Yeoman és un terme anglès per referir-se a pagesos terratinents durant l'Edat Mitjana d'Anglaterra que tenien una bona posició econòmica. Més tard el terme es va estendre a arrendataris i petits terratinents. El terme i el concepte d'origen és similar a l'original en rus kulak. En l'escala social els yeomen es trobaven una mica per sota dels i per sobre de la de propietari d'una casa. Yeoman era també un lloc dins la noblesa anglesa amb títols com Yeoman of the Chamber, Yeoman of the Crown, Yeoman Usher, i King's Yeoman. En l'ús britànic modern, yeoman pot referir-se específicament a * un membre de la reserva militar anomenada un , similar a ); * un membre dels Yeomen of the Guard o de la Torre de Londres * un funcionari de la al Castell de Windsor, com el Yeoman of the Cellar * un suboficial de la en el British Army, un lloc aconseguit després de completar un curs tècnic de 14 mesos. En la United States Navy i United States Coast Guard, un yeoman és una classificació normalment amb ocupacions burocràtiques o administratives. (ca) Yeoman ([ˈjoʊmən], Pl. yeomen) ist ein in verschiedenen Bedeutungen gebrauchter Begriff aus dem englischen Ständewesen des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit. Im Allgemeinen bezeichnet er die Freibauern (Freisassen) im mittelalterlichen England, später auch Pächter und kleine Grundbesitzer. Davon abgeleitet ist das Kollektivum Yeomanry, „Freibauernschaft“. Ferner wurden als yeoman auch höher gestellte Diener im adligen Hofhalt betitelt; bis heute hat sich das Wort im Vereinigten Königreich in Amts- bzw. Rangbezeichnungen wie Yeoman Warder oder Yeoman of the Guard erhalten. Im Kontext der Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten bezeichnet yeoman oder auch yeoman farmer hingegen einen Bauern, der – im Gegensatz zu den planters („Pflanzern“) – seine Felder ohne den Einsatz von Sklaven selbst bestellt. Ein Yeoman hatte genügend Besitz, um seinen Kindern einen Hof mit ausreichend Land zur Verfügung zu stellen oder zu verpachten, ohne dass diese als Bauern einer weiteren Beschäftigung nachgehen mussten. Dabei handelte es sich in der Regel um nicht weniger als 40 Hektar Besitz. Die Yeomen waren im Weiteren Waffenträger der Fernwaffen Bogen und Armbrust im Kriegsfall und meist beritten, zudem stellten sie die Wachen, die im Dorf oder der Stadt patrouillierten und weitgehende Rechte hatten. Im Gegensatz zum Adel (Gentry) ist ein Yeoman nicht allein durch Landbesitz in der Lage, seinen Lebensunterhalt zu bestreiten, und bewirtschaftet daher neben dem Verpachten auch einen Teil seines Landes in Eigenarbeit. In der United States Navy entspricht Yeoman einem Geschäftszimmerunteroffizier. (de) Yeoman [joŭmen] estis membro de socia klaso en Anglujo dum mezepoko. En Usono ĝi estas ankaŭ milita rango. (eo) Yeoman (pluralez Yeomen) euren lurrak lantzen zituzten nekazariak izendatzeko ingelesezko izandepan bat zen. Historikoki, Ingalaterrako Erdi Aro eta Aro Modernoko klase egituran yeoman hauek lurjabe edo mailaren azpitik zeuden, halere ekonomia maila ona eta politika eskubideez ere gozatu ahal zuen. Gerora, izendapen hau lurjabe txiki eta maizterrak izendatzeko erabiltzera pasa zen. Zaindariak eta menpeko funtzionarioak izendatzeko ere erabilia izan zen. Yeoman ezberdinak zeuden: * , Ingalaterra eta Galesko erreserbako milizia. * Yeomen Warders edo Beefeater zirelakoak, Londresko dorrearen zaindariak. (eu) Un yeoman est, dans l'Angleterre médiévale, un paysan propriétaire de la terre qu'il cultive. (fr) Yeoman (pronunciado [yo-man], en plural yeomen) es un término del idioma inglés con el que se designa a un campesino que cultiva su propia tierra. Históricamente, en la estructura de clases de la Edad Media y Moderna en Inglaterra estaba por debajo de la gentry, pero tenía derechos políticos y representaba a grandes rasgos el ideal de (free-born englishman) que sustentaba buena parte del imaginario sociopolítico inglés.​ Más genéricamente, se puede aplicar a otros contextos históricos, sociales, temporales o espaciales.​ También puede designar a un guarda o a un funcionario subalterno.​ Un yeoman, especialmente en la época isabelina de finales del XVI y comienzos del XVII, era un que poseía una pequeña propiedad, un pequeño propietario o campesino próspero que se había ganado con su esfuerzo una reputación de valentía, lealtad y capacidad para el trabajo duro (yeoman's job);​​ lo que en la Monarquía Hispánica del Antiguo Régimen se denominaba villano o labrador rico (el Pedro Crespo de El Alcalde de Zalamea, por ejemplo). Un término equivalente en la Alemania de época similar era el de freibauer,​ y en Rusia el de odnodvorets.​ También yeoman era un rango de la corte inglesa, en la que se otorgaban títulos como Yeoman of the Chamber, Yeoman of the Crown, Yeoman Usher, King's Yeoman y otros, en su mayor parte conectados con la protección física como guardaespaldas del soberano o de otros dignatarios, así como otras tareas. En el uso británico moderno, yeoman se refiere específicamente a un miembro de la reserva militar del arma de caballería (unidad llamada yeomanry), que funcionaba como una milicia formada por los miembros del común de moderada riqueza y que tenían un cierto estatus de respeto y estimación en las comunidades de Inglaterra y Gales, y en la actualidad forman parte del. Existen los Yeomen of the Guard o Yeomen Warders de la Torre de Londres, y los que sirven en la del Castillo de Windsor (Yeoman of the Cellar) y otros puestos militares en el , en la Marina Real Británica y en la Marina de los Estados Unidos (Yeoman of Signals). (es) ... (ga) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 요먼 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 요먼(Yeoman)은 영국에서 젠트리와 서민 사이에 위치한 중산층, 자영농을 의미한다. 원래는 14~15세기의 봉건제 붕괴 시기에 출현한 독립 자영 농민으로 농노해방의 과정에서 생겨났다. 중세 말기 봉건제가 해체되면서 본격적으로 지주소작제가 급속히 전개되어 농민층이 자체 분열 과정을 겪게 되었고 그 과정에서 중산 농민층인 요먼이 형성되었다. 요먼이라는 단어는 아마도 젊은이(young man) 또는 중세 영어에서 가신을 의미하는 yeng man 또는 yong man의 단축형일 것으로 추정된다. 요먼은 대개는 중농이였으나 가신·호위병·귀족의 종자(從者)·하급관리가 될 수도 있었다. 그들 가운데서는 소작농 출신의 농업노동자를 고용하여 넓은 토지에서 농업을 경영하는 사람도 나타나, 초기 산업자본의 태동을 보였다. 또한 군사제도 안에서 근위대의 주력을 이루었고, 특히 청교도혁명 때에는 크롬웰이 이끄는 철기병대의 주류로 활약하였다. 그러나 18세기 후반부터의 농업혁명과 인클로저 운동에 있어서 대규모 농업경영이 진행됨에 따라 급속히 붕괴하여 19세기 전반에 소멸하였다. (ko) Yeoman /ˈjoʊmən/ is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between page and squire. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the new Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all freeholders. The Act of 1430 restricted voting rights to those freeholders whose land value exceeded 40 shillings. These yeomen would eventually become a social stratum of commoners below the landed gentry, but above the husbandmen. This stratum later embodied the political and economic ideas of the English and Scottish enlightenments, and transplanted those ideas to the Thirteen English colonies in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. The yeoman farmers of those colonies became citizen soldiers during the American Revolution against Great Britain. The 19th century saw a revival of interest in the medieval period with English Romantic literature. The yeoman outlaws of the ballads were refashioned into heroes fighting for justice under the law and the rights of freeborn Englishmen. (en) Een eigenerfde of eigengeërfde was tijdens de middeleeuwen en het ancien régime iemand die vrij-eigen of allodiaal grondbezit van enige omvang had. Theoretisch zouden edelen met allodiaal grondbezit ook behoren tot de eigenerfden. In de praktijk werd de term slechts gebruikt voor niet-adellijke grondbezitters. (nl) ヨーマン（Yeoman）は、イングランドの独立自営農民。 14世紀半ば以降、イングランドでは百年戦争やペストの流行でかつての封建制に異変が起こった。貨幣経済の進展で地代が労働から生産物・貨幣になる中、ペストの大流行により農奴が不足し、荘園制が古典荘園から純粋荘園へと移行した。そして百年戦争や薔薇戦争で貴族が没落し農奴が自立し始めた中ヨーマンが現れた。 15世紀のイングランドでは、ヨーマンが多数を占めたことにより、封建貴族の勢力が衰退し始めた。だが、農村内部が上層農民（後にジェントリ階級を形成する）と没落農民とに区分されるようになり、農村共同体内部に利害の対立が起こった。 (ja) Per Yeoman (plurale Yeomen, ma in quanto parola straniera in italiano è indeclinabile) si intendevano in età moderna i coltivatori diretti inglesi benestanti che gestivano in autonomia i loro poderi. (it) Yeoman – członek warstwy społecznej stanu wolnego w Anglii XV-XVIII wieku. W średniowieczu był on członkiem świty króla lub możnego, później termin oznaczał wolnego chłopa, drobnego właściciela ziemskiego lub dzierżawcę gospodarstwa obłożonego obowiązkiem służby zbrojnej, od XVII w. już tylko dzierżawców ziemi szlacheckiej. Warstwa wzbogaciła się w epoce Tudorów dzięki wyprzedaży ziemi pokościelnej oraz w toku ogradzania, z tego powodu odgrywali oni znaczną rolę w gospodarce wiejskiej. Wspierali oni ponadto rewolucję angielską dążąc do likwidacji przywilejów stanowych szlachty rodowej, tzw. gentry, bezpośrednio pod którą stała. Yeomani mieli prawa polityczne i stanowili zaplecze armii (zob. yeomanry), skąd nazwą tą współcześnie określani są również członkowie pewnych formacji, np. przybocznej gwardii królewskiej, Yeomen of the Guard (założonej w 1485 roku), czy ochotniczej kawalerii obrony wewnętrznej (utworzonej w 1761 roku). (pl) Йомены (йоменри, йоментри) (англ. Yeomen, Yeomanry) — в феодальной Англии свободные мелкие землевладельцы, которые, в отличие от джентри, самостоятельно занимались обработкой земли. К XV веку йоменами стали называться все крестьяне, ведущие самостоятельное хозяйство, независимо от юридического статуса их держателя. В условиях дальнейшего развития товарно-денежных отношений слой йоментри стал размываться, поляризуясь на зажиточную верхушку и деревенскую бедноту. Тем не менее вплоть до середины XVII века йомены составляли основную массу английского крестьянства. Из йоменов происходили Уильям Шекспир, Джон Мильтон и Исаак Ньютон. (ru) En yeoman (engelskt uttal: /ˈjoʊmən/, plural: yeomen) var i engelskspråkiga länder under tidigmodern tid en bonde med egen jord. Yeomen var kända för sin flit och arbetsmoral. Yeoman var också en adelstitel, och senare en militär titel. Yeomen of the Guard är en högvakt för Storbritanniens monark och Yeomen Warders är en ceremoniell slottsdrabantstyrka vid Towern. (sv) Um yeoman (AFI: [ˈjəʊmən]) é um termo inglês que costuma se referir a um fazendeiro que cultiva sua própria terra e, historicamente, a um menor de terras na Inglaterra, abaixo dos membros da nobreza rural, porém com direitos políticos. De maneira mais geral, yeoman pode ser um indicador de posição ou classe social, de acordo com o período histórico ou o lugar, ou apenas a um trabalhador subordinado e diligente. Um yeoman também podia ser um guarda, vigia ou oficial subordinado. Um equivalente em alemão é Freibauer ("fazendeiro livre"); neste contexto o termo se assemelha ao russo odnodvorets. (pt) 自耕农(英語：yeoman)，是经济学和历史学概念，指自己（家庭）拥有小块的土地，并在上面亲自耕种为生的人。自耕农也称小农，其自给自足的生产方式称为小农经济，不同於。自耕农是中世纪农业社会的基础。 在中世纪农业社会，一些自耕农因各种原因破产，变成无地之人，要么当佃农替地主耕种，要么当工人替雇主做工。如果无工可做，就成为流民。 (zh) Йомени, йоменри (англ. Yeomen, Yeomanry) — в феодальній Англії, особисто вільні дрібні землевласники, які самостійно обробляють землю (на відміну від джентрі). (uk)
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dbp:author Gest of Robyn Hode, lines 1–4 (en) Robin Hood and the Potter, lines 5–12 (en) Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, p 661 (en) Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 4, scene 3, lines 58–69 (en) Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 3, scene 1, lines 26–37 (en)
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dbp:quote Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more, Or close the wall up with our English dead! :... :::And you, good yeomen, Whose limbs were made in England, show us here The mettle of your pasture. Let us swear That you are worth your breeding, which I doubt not, For there is none of you so mean and base That hath not noble luster in your eyes. :... Follow your spirit, and upon this charge Cry “God for Harry, England, and Saint George!” (en) "It is full little courtesy," said the potter. "As I have heard wise men say, If'n a poor yeoman come driving over the way, To hold him on his journey." "By my troth, thou says truth", said Robin. "Thou says good yeomanry; And though thou go forth every day, Thou shalt not be held by me." (en) Lithe and listen, gentlemen, That be of freeborn blood; I shall you tell of a good yeoman, His name was Robin Hood. (en) "... I sat me down, Devised a new commission, wrote it fair— I once did hold it, as our statists do, A baseness to write fair, and labored much How to forget that learning; but, sir, now It did me yeoman's service." (en) For he that does good, having the unlimited power to do evil, deserves praise not only for the good which he performs, but for the evil which he forbears (en) "I shall thee lend Little John, my man, For he shall be thy knave; In a yeoman's stead he may thee stand, If thou great need have." (en) This story shall the good man teach his son, And Crispin Crispian shall ne’er go by, From this day to the ending of the world, But we in it shall be rememberèd— We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition; (en) Harken, good yeomen, Comely, courteous, and good, One of the best that ever bore bow, His name was Robin Hood. Robin Hood was the yeoman's name, That was both courteous and generous; For the love of Our Lady, All women honored him. (en)
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rdfs:comment اليومَن (Yeoman) مصطلح يطلق على التابع، أو المالك الزّراعي الصغير، أو خادم السيد الإقطاعي، وذلك أواخر العصور الوسطى في إنجلترا. وقد استُخدمَ هذا الاسم في القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي، لموظفي منازل النّبلاء، وصغار المُلاّك، والفلاحين في مزارع الإقطاعيين. وأصبح اليومنيون في عهد تيودور (1485- 1603م) طبقة مستقلة، وكانوا أرفع مقامًا من الفلاحين والعمال، إلاّ أن مرتباتهم أدنى من السادة وأصحاب الضِياع. ثم شَكَّل رجال هذه الطبقة في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر فرق فرسانهم الخاصة بهم، والمسماة باليومنيين، وهو حرس وطني من الفرسان الإنجليز. وقد تمّ تنظيم اليومنيين رسميًّا من خلال قانون برلماني عام 1794م. (ar) Yeoman [joŭmen] estis membro de socia klaso en Anglujo dum mezepoko. En Usono ĝi estas ankaŭ milita rango. (eo) Un yeoman est, dans l'Angleterre médiévale, un paysan propriétaire de la terre qu'il cultive. (fr) ... (ga) ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 요먼 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 요먼(Yeoman)은 영국에서 젠트리와 서민 사이에 위치한 중산층, 자영농을 의미한다. 원래는 14~15세기의 봉건제 붕괴 시기에 출현한 독립 자영 농민으로 농노해방의 과정에서 생겨났다. 중세 말기 봉건제가 해체되면서 본격적으로 지주소작제가 급속히 전개되어 농민층이 자체 분열 과정을 겪게 되었고 그 과정에서 중산 농민층인 요먼이 형성되었다. 요먼이라는 단어는 아마도 젊은이(young man) 또는 중세 영어에서 가신을 의미하는 yeng man 또는 yong man의 단축형일 것으로 추정된다. 요먼은 대개는 중농이였으나 가신·호위병·귀족의 종자(從者)·하급관리가 될 수도 있었다. 그들 가운데서는 소작농 출신의 농업노동자를 고용하여 넓은 토지에서 농업을 경영하는 사람도 나타나, 초기 산업자본의 태동을 보였다. 또한 군사제도 안에서 근위대의 주력을 이루었고, 특히 청교도혁명 때에는 크롬웰이 이끄는 철기병대의 주류로 활약하였다. 그러나 18세기 후반부터의 농업혁명과 인클로저 운동에 있어서 대규모 농업경영이 진행됨에 따라 급속히 붕괴하여 19세기 전반에 소멸하였다. (ko) Een eigenerfde of eigengeërfde was tijdens de middeleeuwen en het ancien régime iemand die vrij-eigen of allodiaal grondbezit van enige omvang had. Theoretisch zouden edelen met allodiaal grondbezit ook behoren tot de eigenerfden. In de praktijk werd de term slechts gebruikt voor niet-adellijke grondbezitters. (nl) ヨーマン（Yeoman）は、イングランドの独立自営農民。 14世紀半ば以降、イングランドでは百年戦争やペストの流行でかつての封建制に異変が起こった。貨幣経済の進展で地代が労働から生産物・貨幣になる中、ペストの大流行により農奴が不足し、荘園制が古典荘園から純粋荘園へと移行した。そして百年戦争や薔薇戦争で貴族が没落し農奴が自立し始めた中ヨーマンが現れた。 15世紀のイングランドでは、ヨーマンが多数を占めたことにより、封建貴族の勢力が衰退し始めた。だが、農村内部が上層農民（後にジェントリ階級を形成する）と没落農民とに区分されるようになり、農村共同体内部に利害の対立が起こった。 (ja) Per Yeoman (plurale Yeomen, ma in quanto parola straniera in italiano è indeclinabile) si intendevano in età moderna i coltivatori diretti inglesi benestanti che gestivano in autonomia i loro poderi. (it) En yeoman (engelskt uttal: /ˈjoʊmən/, plural: yeomen) var i engelskspråkiga länder under tidigmodern tid en bonde med egen jord. Yeomen var kända för sin flit och arbetsmoral. Yeoman var också en adelstitel, och senare en militär titel. Yeomen of the Guard är en högvakt för Storbritanniens monark och Yeomen Warders är en ceremoniell slottsdrabantstyrka vid Towern. (sv) Um yeoman (AFI: [ˈjəʊmən]) é um termo inglês que costuma se referir a um fazendeiro que cultiva sua própria terra e, historicamente, a um menor de terras na Inglaterra, abaixo dos membros da nobreza rural, porém com direitos políticos. De maneira mais geral, yeoman pode ser um indicador de posição ou classe social, de acordo com o período histórico ou o lugar, ou apenas a um trabalhador subordinado e diligente. Um yeoman também podia ser um guarda, vigia ou oficial subordinado. Um equivalente em alemão é Freibauer ("fazendeiro livre"); neste contexto o termo se assemelha ao russo odnodvorets. (pt) 自耕农(英語：yeoman)，是经济学和历史学概念，指自己（家庭）拥有小块的土地，并在上面亲自耕种为生的人。自耕农也称小农，其自给自足的生产方式称为小农经济，不同於。自耕农是中世纪农业社会的基础。 在中世纪农业社会，一些自耕农因各种原因破产，变成无地之人，要么当佃农替地主耕种，要么当工人替雇主做工。如果无工可做，就成为流民。 (zh) Йомени, йоменри (англ. Yeomen, Yeomanry) — в феодальній Англії, особисто вільні дрібні землевласники, які самостійно обробляють землю (на відміну від джентрі). (uk) Yeoman és un terme anglès per referir-se a pagesos terratinents durant l'Edat Mitjana d'Anglaterra que tenien una bona posició econòmica. Més tard el terme es va estendre a arrendataris i petits terratinents. El terme i el concepte d'origen és similar a l'original en rus kulak. En l'escala social els yeomen es trobaven una mica per sota dels i per sobre de la de propietari d'una casa. Yeoman era també un lloc dins la noblesa anglesa amb títols com Yeoman of the Chamber, Yeoman of the Crown, Yeoman Usher, i King's Yeoman. En l'ús britànic modern, yeoman pot referir-se específicament a (ca) Yeoman ([ˈjoʊmən], Pl. yeomen) ist ein in verschiedenen Bedeutungen gebrauchter Begriff aus dem englischen Ständewesen des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit. Im Allgemeinen bezeichnet er die Freibauern (Freisassen) im mittelalterlichen England, später auch Pächter und kleine Grundbesitzer. Davon abgeleitet ist das Kollektivum Yeomanry, „Freibauernschaft“. Ferner wurden als yeoman auch höher gestellte Diener im adligen Hofhalt betitelt; bis heute hat sich das Wort im Vereinigten Königreich in Amts- bzw. Rangbezeichnungen wie Yeoman Warder oder Yeoman of the Guard erhalten. Im Kontext der Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten bezeichnet yeoman oder auch yeoman farmer hingegen einen Bauern, der – im Gegensatz zu den planters („Pflanzern“) – seine Felder ohne den Einsatz von Sklaven selbst best (de) Yeoman (pronunciado [yo-man], en plural yeomen) es un término del idioma inglés con el que se designa a un campesino que cultiva su propia tierra. Históricamente, en la estructura de clases de la Edad Media y Moderna en Inglaterra estaba por debajo de la gentry, pero tenía derechos políticos y representaba a grandes rasgos el ideal de (free-born englishman) que sustentaba buena parte del imaginario sociopolítico inglés.​ Más genéricamente, se puede aplicar a otros contextos históricos, sociales, temporales o espaciales.​ También puede designar a un guarda o a un funcionario subalterno.​ (es) Yeoman (pluralez Yeomen) euren lurrak lantzen zituzten nekazariak izendatzeko ingelesezko izandepan bat zen. Historikoki, Ingalaterrako Erdi Aro eta Aro Modernoko klase egituran yeoman hauek lurjabe edo mailaren azpitik zeuden, halere ekonomia maila ona eta politika eskubideez ere gozatu ahal zuen. Gerora, izendapen hau lurjabe txiki eta maizterrak izendatzeko erabiltzera pasa zen. Zaindariak eta menpeko funtzionarioak izendatzeko ere erabilia izan zen. Yeoman ezberdinak zeuden: (eu) Yeoman /ˈjoʊmən/ is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. (en) Йомены (йоменри, йоментри) (англ. Yeomen, Yeomanry) — в феодальной Англии свободные мелкие землевладельцы, которые, в отличие от джентри, самостоятельно занимались обработкой земли. К XV веку йоменами стали называться все крестьяне, ведущие самостоятельное хозяйство, независимо от юридического статуса их держателя. В условиях дальнейшего развития товарно-денежных отношений слой йоментри стал размываться, поляризуясь на зажиточную верхушку и деревенскую бедноту. Тем не менее вплоть до середины XVII века йомены составляли основную массу английского крестьянства. (ru) Yeoman – członek warstwy społecznej stanu wolnego w Anglii XV-XVIII wieku. W średniowieczu był on członkiem świty króla lub możnego, później termin oznaczał wolnego chłopa, drobnego właściciela ziemskiego lub dzierżawcę gospodarstwa obłożonego obowiązkiem służby zbrojnej, od XVII w. już tylko dzierżawców ziemi szlacheckiej. (pl)
rdfs:label Yeoman (en) يومن (ar) Yeoman (ca) Yeoman (de) Yeoman (eo) Yeoman (es) Yeoman (eu) Gíománach (ga) Yeoman (fr) Yeoman (it) ヨーマン (ja) 요먼 (ko) Eigenerfde (nl) Yeoman (pl) Yeoman (pt) Йомены (ru) Yeoman (sv) 自耕农 (zh) Йомен (uk)
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