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L'État américain du Texas déclare sa sécession des États-Unis d'Amérique le 1er février 1861, et rejoint les États confédérés d'Amérique le 2 mars 1861, après avoir remplacé son gouverneur, Sam Houston, lorsqu'il refuse de prêter serment d'allégeance à la Confédération. Comme celles des autres États, la Déclaration n'est pas reconnue par le gouvernement des États-Unis à Washington. Certaines unités militaires du Texas combattent au cours de la guerre de Sécession à l'est du fleuve Mississippi, mais le Texas est le plus utile pour ravitailler les soldats et fournir des chevaux aux forces confédérées. Le rôle de ravitaillement du Texas dure jusqu'à la mi-1863, époque après laquelle les canonnières de l'Union contrôlent le fleuve Mississippi, rendant impossible les transferts d'hommes, de chevaux ou de bovins. Un peu de coton est vendu au Mexique, mais la plupart de la récolte devient inutilisable en raison du blocus naval de l'Union de Galveston, à Houston, et des autres ports. (fr) Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it had replaced its governor, Sam Houston, who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states, the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River, which prevented large transfers of men, horses, or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston, Houston, and other ports. (en) Allo scoppio della guerra di secessione americana lo stato del Texas proclamò la secessione dall'Unione e aderì alla Confederazione. Durante la guerra il Texas, almeno fino al 1863 (quando l'esercito nordista prese il controllo del corso del fiume Mississippi per poi bloccare il porto di Galveston), fornì grandi quantità di soldati e rifornimenti all'esercito sudista. (it) В годы Гражданской войны, на территории штата Техас произошло небольшое количество сражений. Большая часть битв произошла на побережье. Техас прозвали «черным ходом Конфедерации», ибо штат являлся единственным путём для южан для продажи хлопка в страны Европы. Со стороны северян был блокирован главный порт Техаса — Галвестон. Особая заслуга Техаса состояла в том, что жители штата снабжали вооружённые силы Конфедерации продовольствием, а также армия штата приняла участие в крупнейших сражениях Гражданской войны. После капитуляции южан, 12 мая 1865 года на территории Техаса произошло последнее сражение в рамках войны, а именно сражение у ранчо Пальмито. 19 июня 1865 года в портовом городе Галвестоне генералом федеральной армии была утверждена прокламация об освобождении рабов. Начиная с 1980 года, этот день вошёл в историю как «День освобождения», с 2021 года день объявлен в США федеральным праздником. 19 января в Техасе отмечается «День героев Конфедерации». (ru) |
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George Williamson (en) Caleb Cutwell (en) Texas Secession Convention (en) |
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A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union . (en) letter to the Galveston Tri-Weekly . (en) speech to the Texan secession convention . (en) |
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With the social balance wheel of slavery to regulate its machinery, we may fondly indulge the hope that our Southern government will be perpetual Louisiana looks to the formation of a Southern confederacy to preserve the blessings of African slavery (en) We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable. (en) Independence without slavery, would be valueless... The South without slavery would not be worth a mess of pottage. (en) |
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Allo scoppio della guerra di secessione americana lo stato del Texas proclamò la secessione dall'Unione e aderì alla Confederazione. Durante la guerra il Texas, almeno fino al 1863 (quando l'esercito nordista prese il controllo del corso del fiume Mississippi per poi bloccare il porto di Galveston), fornì grandi quantità di soldati e rifornimenti all'esercito sudista. (it) L'État américain du Texas déclare sa sécession des États-Unis d'Amérique le 1er février 1861, et rejoint les États confédérés d'Amérique le 2 mars 1861, après avoir remplacé son gouverneur, Sam Houston, lorsqu'il refuse de prêter serment d'allégeance à la Confédération. Comme celles des autres États, la Déclaration n'est pas reconnue par le gouvernement des États-Unis à Washington. Certaines unités militaires du Texas combattent au cours de la guerre de Sécession à l'est du fleuve Mississippi, mais le Texas est le plus utile pour ravitailler les soldats et fournir des chevaux aux forces confédérées. Le rôle de ravitaillement du Texas dure jusqu'à la mi-1863, époque après laquelle les canonnières de l'Union contrôlent le fleuve Mississippi, rendant impossible les transferts d'hommes, de che (fr) Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it had replaced its governor, Sam Houston, who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states, the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River, which prevented large transfers of men, horses, or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston, (en) В годы Гражданской войны, на территории штата Техас произошло небольшое количество сражений. Большая часть битв произошла на побережье. Техас прозвали «черным ходом Конфедерации», ибо штат являлся единственным путём для южан для продажи хлопка в страны Европы. Со стороны северян был блокирован главный порт Техаса — Галвестон. Особая заслуга Техаса состояла в том, что жители штата снабжали вооружённые силы Конфедерации продовольствием, а также армия штата приняла участие в крупнейших сражениях Гражданской войны. (ru) |
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wikipedia-en:Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War |
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