Three Musketeers (Supreme Court) (original) (raw)
I "Tre Moschettieri" era lo pseudonimo utilizzato con riferimento ai tre membri liberali della Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America durante il periodo 1932-1937, i quali supportavano l'agenda del New Deal del presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Parliamo dei giudici Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, e Harlan Fiske Stone. Ad essi si contrapponevano i "", vale a dire i giudici James Clark McReynolds, , , e . Il presidente della Corte suprema Charles Evans Hughes ed il giudice mantenevano l'equilibrio tra le due parti.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | The "Three Musketeers" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932–37 terms of the United States Supreme Court, who generally supported the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They were Justices Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, and Harlan Fiske Stone. They were opposed by the Four Horsemen, consisting of Justices James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, Willis Van Devanter, and Pierce Butler. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts controlled the balance. Charles Evans Hughes often voted with the liberal wing while Owen J. Roberts voted with the conservatives. With the help of Roberts, the Four Horsemen maintained a majority in most of the decisions and struck down many New Deal laws as unconstitutional. Although the "Three Musketeers" were a bipartisan group, with Stone being a Republican, they were drawn together by their shared views on New Deal policies. During the 1935 term, the Four Horsemen would often ride together to and from Court in order to coordinate their positions. To counter them, the Three Musketeers started meeting at Brandeis's apartment on Friday afternoons. However, the Four Horsemen held sway, leading to Roosevelt's court-packing scheme. In 1937, in the "switch in time that saved nine," Roberts and Hughes switched to the liberal side in several key decisions, the most important one being West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, a case regarding the minimum wage of workers. Within a year, Van Devanter and Sutherland retired and were replaced by Hugo Black and Stanley Reed, strong New Dealers, ending the Four Horsemen's sway. By 1941, Brandeis, Cardozo, Butler, McReynolds, and Hughes were also gone. Only Stone and Roberts remained, and by then Stone had been elevated to the position of Chief Justice. The Three Musketeers were successful in many cases. They often were able to convince the swing voters, Charles Evans Hughes and Owen Roberts, to vote for New Deal policies. The Three Musketeers were able to uphold many New Deal laws such as the Gold Reserve Act (in the Gold Clause Cases), The Fair Labor Standards Act (in United States v. Darby Lumber Co.), the Tennessee Valley Authority (in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority) and the Social Security Act (in Steward Machine Co. v. Davis and Helvering v. Davis). They persuaded members of the Four Horsemen to vote to uphold New Deal legislation occasionally. (en) I "Tre Moschettieri" era lo pseudonimo utilizzato con riferimento ai tre membri liberali della Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America durante il periodo 1932-1937, i quali supportavano l'agenda del New Deal del presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Parliamo dei giudici Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, e Harlan Fiske Stone. Ad essi si contrapponevano i "", vale a dire i giudici James Clark McReynolds, , , e . Il presidente della Corte suprema Charles Evans Hughes ed il giudice mantenevano l'equilibrio tra le due parti. A partire dal 1935, i Quattro Cavalieri presero l'abitudine di viaggiare insieme verso e dalla Corte, in modo da avere il tempo di coordinare le proprie posizioni. Per riuscire a contrastarli, i Tre Moschettieri cominciarono ad incontrarsi il venerdì pomeriggio presso l'appartamento di Brandeis. Nonostante ciò, i Quattro Cavalieri mantennero il controllo e riuscirono ad ottenere un'importante riforma delle procedure giudiziarie. Nel 1937, in occasione del cosiddetto "", Roberts e Hughes si schierarono con il fronte liberale in molte decisioni chiave; dopo un anno, Van Devanter e Sutherland andarono in pensione e Hugo Black and , apertamente schierati a favore del New Deal, presero il loro posto. Questo pose fine al dominio dei Quattro Cavalieri. Entro il 1941 anche Brandeis, Cardozo, Butler, McReynolds, Hughes abbandonarono la propria carica. Rimasero solo Stone e Roberts, ed in un secondo momento Stone divenne presidente della Corte suprema. (it) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Brandeisl.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/constitutionnewd00whit https://archive.org/details/constitutionnewd00whit/page/n396 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 2670075 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 5041 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1122135885 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:President_of_the_United_States dbr:Benjamin_N._Cardozo dbr:Hugo_Black dbr:United_States_Supreme_Court dbr:United_States_v._Darby_Lumber_Co. dbr:George_Sutherland dbr:Gold_Clause_Cases dbr:Gold_Reserve_Act dbr:Louis_Brandeis dbr:Stanley_Forman_Reed dbr:Steward_Machine_Co._v._Davis dbr:Harlan_Fiske_Stone dbr:Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt dbr:West_Coast_Hotel_Co._v._Parrish dbr:Willis_Van_Devanter dbc:Liberalism_in_the_United_States dbc:Trios dbr:Fair_Labor_Standards_Act_of_1938 dbr:Four_Horsemen_(Supreme_Court) dbr:Harvard_University_Press dbr:Helvering_v._Davis dbr:James_Clark_McReynolds dbr:Tennessee_Valley_Authority dbr:The_switch_in_time_that_saved_nine dbr:Ashwander_v._Tennessee_Valley_Authority dbr:Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States dbr:Charles_Evans_Hughes dbr:Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States dbc:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_people dbr:Pierce_Butler_(justice) dbr:Social_Security_Act dbr:New_Deal dbr:Owen_J._Roberts dbr:Judiciary_Reorganization_Bill_of_1937 |
| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:caption | dbr:Benjamin_N._Cardozo dbr:Louis_Brandeis dbr:Harlan_Fiske_Stone |
| dbp:direction | horizontal (en) |
| dbp:header | The Three Musketeers (en) |
| dbp:headerAlign | center (en) |
| dbp:image | Benjamin Cardozo.jpg (en) Brandeisl.jpg (en) Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone photograph circa 1927-1932.jpg (en) |
| dbp:width | 103 (xsd:integer) 104 (xsd:integer) 116 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:About dbt:Cite_book dbt:Multiple_image dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:US-hist-stub |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Liberalism_in_the_United_States dbc:Trios dbc:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_people |
| rdfs:comment | I "Tre Moschettieri" era lo pseudonimo utilizzato con riferimento ai tre membri liberali della Corte suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America durante il periodo 1932-1937, i quali supportavano l'agenda del New Deal del presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Parliamo dei giudici Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, e Harlan Fiske Stone. Ad essi si contrapponevano i "", vale a dire i giudici James Clark McReynolds, , , e . Il presidente della Corte suprema Charles Evans Hughes ed il giudice mantenevano l'equilibrio tra le due parti. (it) The "Three Musketeers" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932–37 terms of the United States Supreme Court, who generally supported the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They were Justices Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, and Harlan Fiske Stone. They were opposed by the Four Horsemen, consisting of Justices James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, Willis Van Devanter, and Pierce Butler. Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts controlled the balance. Charles Evans Hughes often voted with the liberal wing while Owen J. Roberts voted with the conservatives. With the help of Roberts, the Four Horsemen maintained a majority in most of the decisions and struck down many New Deal laws as unconstitutional. Although the "Thr (en) |
| rdfs:label | Tre Moschettieri (Corte suprema) (it) Three Musketeers (Supreme Court) (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Three Musketeers (Supreme Court) dbpedia-he:Three Musketeers (Supreme Court) dbpedia-it:Three Musketeers (Supreme Court) https://global.dbpedia.org/id/bjv3 |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Three_Musketeers_(Supreme_Court)?oldid=1122135885&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Brandeisl.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Three_Musketeers_(Supreme_Court) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:The_Three_Musketeers_(Supreme_Court) |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Carter_v._Carter_Coal_Co. dbr:Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms dbr:Benjamin_N._Cardozo dbr:Home_Building_&_Loan_Ass'n_v._Blaisdell dbr:Hughes_Court dbr:Constitutional_challenges_to_the_New_Deal dbr:Louis_Brandeis dbr:Stone_Court dbr:Owen_Roberts dbr:Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Bill_of_1937 dbr:Harlan_F._Stone dbr:The_switch_in_time_that_saved_nine dbr:Charles_Evans_Hughes dbr:The_Three_Musketeers_(Supreme_Court) dbr:Social_Security_Act |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Three_Musketeers_(Supreme_Court) |
