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الحافريات (الاسم العلمي: Ungulates) أو ذوات الحافر هي مجموعة مؤلفة من عدة رتب من الثدييات، بقي منها ست أو ثمان رتب. هناك خلاف فيما إذا كان من الممكن ان نعامل الحافريات كمجموعة فعلية (ناشئة عن تطور), أو فقط مجموعة (متشابهة الفراد لكن بدون صلة قرابة بينها)، بناء على ان الأبحاث تشير لعدم وجود مثل هذه القرابة كما يمكن للمرء أن يعتقد.

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| | dbo:abstract | Els ungulats (en referència a les seves peülles) són diversos grups de mamífers la majoria dels quals utilitza la punta dels dits (normalment amb peülles) per sostenir la totalitat del seu pes corporal quan es mouen. Inclouen diversos ordres, dels quals en sobreviuen entre sis i vuit. Hi ha una certa polèmica sobre si els ungulats són un grup cladístic (amb un trajecte evolutiu comú) o simplement un grup fenètic (similars, però no necessàriament relacionats), perquè sembla que els ungulats no estan tan estretament relacionats com abans es creia. Alguns exemples coneguts d'ungulats actuals són el cavall, la zebra, l'ase, la vaca, el rinoceront, l'hipopòtam, la cabra, el porc, el xai, la girafa, el cérvol, el tapir, l'antílop i la gasela. (ca) الحافريات (الاسم العلمي: Ungulates) أو ذوات الحافر هي مجموعة مؤلفة من عدة رتب من الثدييات، بقي منها ست أو ثمان رتب. هناك خلاف فيما إذا كان من الممكن ان نعامل الحافريات كمجموعة فعلية (ناشئة عن تطور), أو فقط مجموعة (متشابهة الفراد لكن بدون صلة قرابة بينها)، بناء على ان الأبحاث تشير لعدم وجود مثل هذه القرابة كما يمكن للمرء أن يعتقد. (ar) Kopytníci (též kopytnatci, Ungulata) jsou polyfyletická skupina savců, zahrnující řády lichokopytníků (koňovití, nosorožcovití, tapírovití) a sudokopytníků (např. velbloudovití, prasatovití, hrochovití, turovití apod.). Skupina byla definována na základě přítomnosti kopyt. Kromě lichokopytníků (Perissodactyla) a sudokopytníků (Cetartiodactyla) bývali někdy jako kopytníci označováni také chobotnatci (Proboscidea), damani (Hyracoidea), hrabáči (Tubulidentata) a sirény (Sirenia). (cs) Hufuloj estas mamuloj, ĉe kies piedoj troviĝas hufojn.Oni distingas inter: * neparhufuloj: rinocero, ĉevalo, tapiro, zebro, azeno, ... * parhufuloj: kamelo, cervo, bovo, ... La diferenco inter tiuj du grupoj estas jena: ĉe neparhufuloj la nura meza fingro portas la tutan korpan pezon, ĉe parhufuloj tion faras la tria kaj kvara fingroj. (eo) Huftiere (Ungulata) ist die zusammenfassende Bezeichnung für mehrere Gruppen der Säugetiere, insbesondere der Paarhufer und der Unpaarhufer. Die Unterscheidung dieser beiden Hauptgruppen ist schon alt: Bei Unpaarhufern trägt die Mittelzehe allein das Körpergewicht, bei Paarhufern übernehmen dritte und vierte Zehe diese Funktion. (de) Los ungulados (Ungulata) son un antiguo superorden de mamíferos placentarios que se apoyan y caminan con el extremo de los dedos, o descienden de algún animal que lo hacía. Típicamente están revestidos de una pezuña, como en la cabra (más abajo, hay una sección de ejemplos). Los ungulados actualmente están divididos en dos clados Paenungulata perteneciente al superorden Afrotheria y Eungulata perteneciente al superorden Laurasiatheria. Se trata de un grupo de mamíferos muy diverso que existe en la actualidad y que se puede encontrar en todo el mundo de forma natural, salvo en la Antártida, y Oceanía, donde han sido introducidos. Los ungulados proceden de placentarios relativamente poco especializados, que mostraban los primeros signos de especialización hacia formas omnívoras o incluso herbívoras: estos a su vez descendían de ancestros insectívoros. Se ha observado que la sobreabundancia de ungulados puede afectar de manera importante a la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas en los que habiten.​ Entre los ungulados extintos, se destaca el grupo numeroso de los meridiungulados. Los últimos hallazgos fósiles y genéticos indican que los cetáceos descienden de antepasados ungulados terrestres, y deberían ser considerados como tales.​A partir de análisis moleculares, los cetáceos parecen descender de animales artiodáctilos no especificados, y no de mesoniquios como sugerían los estudiosos de fósiles hasta el hallazgo del género Pakicetus, que confirma los estudios moleculares. Tanto los ungulados existentes como los extintos descienden de los condilartros del Cretácico. Los condilartros a su vez, descendían de ancestros insectívoros. (es) Ungulatuak (Ungulata) oinetan apoak dituen ugaztunak dira. Ugaztunen zenbait ordena osatzen dituzte, horietatik egun sei iraungi gabeak direnak: * Perissodactyla, * Artiodactyla, * Tubulidentata, * Hyracoidea, * Sirenia * Proboscidea. Adibidez, zaldia, zebra, astoa, behia, errinozeroa, gamelua, hipopotamoa, tapirra, ahuntza, txerria, ardia, jirafa, okapia, altzea, oreina, orkatza edo gazela. (eu) Mamach a gcríochníonn méara a choise ina gcrúba in ionad ingne. Tá crúbaigh chorrmhéaracha ann le corruimhreacha méar, agus crúbaigh rémhéaracha. Agus tá na crúbaigh bhunaidh ann (an eilifint, an hiorax, is an t-ardmharc) a bhíonn planditeach. (ga) Ongulés Ungulata Hippopotame (Hippopotamus amphibius)(dont sont proches les cétacés) Clade UngulataLinnaeus, 1766 Les ongulés — du latin ungula « ongle », du grec onyx — forment une division traditionnelle des mammifères placentaires. Bon nombre de ces espèces possèdent un ou plusieurs sabots à l'extrémité de leurs membres. Le sabot est alors une formation cornée (telle que l'ongle chez les primates) très développée, et qui enveloppe le ou les doigts reposant sur le sol lors de la locomotion onguligrade. En fonction des auteurs et des époques, le taxon des Ungulata a connu des définitions diverses. Proposé par Linné pour rassembler les espèces marchant sur le bout des doigts, comme les ruminants, les porcins, les chevaux, les rhinocéros ou les éléphants, le groupe s'est peu à peu élargi pour englober des animaux dénués de ces caractéristiques : lamantins, oryctéropes, damans, baleines et dauphins. Les avancées de la biologie moléculaire, dès la fin du XXe siècle, ont montré que ce rapprochement était désuet et polyphylétique. Plusieurs auteurs continuent néanmoins de l'utiliser dans une définition plus réduite, celle des Euungulata, ou « ongulés vrais ». Ce clade réunit les périssodactyles (équidés, rhinocéros et tapirs) et les cétartiodactyles (ruminants, chameaux, porcins, hippopotames et cétacés). (fr) Ungulata (artinya kurang lebih "hewan berkuku" atau "hewan berkikil") adalah beberapa kelompok mamalia yang menggunakan ujung kuku mereka untuk menahan berat badannya sewaktu bergerak. Kelompok ini terdiri dari beberapa ordo yang enam sampai delapan di antaranya masih dapat dijumpai sampai sekarang. Perissodactyla (hewan berkuku ganjil seperti kuda, zebra, tapir, dan badak) serta Artiodactyla (hewan berkuku genap seperti babi, kuda nil, unta, dan rusa) merupakan bagian terbesar dari ungulata dan juga merupakan bagian terbesar dari mamalia besar yang hidup di darat. (in) Ungulates (/ˈʌŋɡjəleɪts, -ləts/ UNG-gyə-layts, -⁠ləts) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, sheep, deer, and hippopotamuses. Cetaceans such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises are also classified as even-toed ungulates, although they do not have hooves. Most terrestrial ungulates use the hoofed tips of their toes to support their body weight while standing or moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of other ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they were also descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates are typically herbivorous and many employ specialized gut bacteria to allow them to digest cellulose. Some modern species, such as pigs, are omnivorous, while some prehistoric species, such as mesonychians, were carnivorous. (en) 유제류(有蹄類, Ungulates)는 발굽이 있는 포유류 동물을 말한다. 유제류가 실제 진화상으로 같은 군에 속하는지, 아니면 표현형만이 같은지는 이견이 있다. 유제류는 다음 분류를 포함한다: * 고래목 - 고래, 돌고래 등 * 말목(기제류) - 말 등 * 바다소목 * 바위너구리목 * 우제목/경우제목(우제류) - 소, 양, 염소 등 * 장비목 - 코끼리 (아래 분류에 대해서는 이견이 있음) * 관치목 * 도약땃쥐목 (ko) 有蹄類（ゆうているい、Ungulata）は、哺乳類のうち、蹄（ひづめ）を持つグループ。 狭義には鯨偶蹄類と奇蹄類のみからなる単系統群（真有蹄類・鯨蹄類）を指す。 長鼻類などを含む広義の有蹄類は単系統ではなく、現在は正式な分類群でもないが、かつては有蹄目・有蹄大目・有蹄上目などの分類階級が与えられることもあった。派生形質でまとめられた分類ではあるが、平行進化によるものであり、多系統である。 (ja) Hoefdieren (Ungulata) zijn zoogdieren die over hoeven beschikken of afstammen van dieren met hoeven. Hiertoe worden evenhoevigen, onevenhoevigen, slurfdieren, zeekoeien, klipdassen, buistandigen en walvissen gerekend. Het zijn hoefgangers, dat wil zeggen dat ze op de top van hun "vingers" en "tenen" lopen. Daardoor zijn de meeste soorten snel. Dit is tevens hun enige middel om aan potentieel gevaar te ontkomen. Hoefdieren zijn in het algemeen grazende dieren die op open grasvlakten leven. Vaak leven ze in kuddes. Dit biedt een tweede middel tegen gevaar. De jongen moeten al op heel jonge leeftijd met de kudde mee kunnen lopen om niet voor te veel oponthoud te zorgen. Bij de moeder en de kudde blijven is noodzakelijk. Vaak wordt gedacht dat een kudde onder leiding staat van een sterk mannetje, maar bij veel soorten heeft een ervaren vrouwtje de leiding, net als bij olifanten en wilde paarden. Hoefdieren zijn herbivoor (ze eten plantaardig voedsel). Hier is hun gebit op gebouwd. Het gebit is voorzien van krachtige kauwkiezen met overlangse plooien (loodrecht op de kauwrichting). Darmbacteriën helpen vervolgens om de cellulose van het voedsel te verteren. Lange tijd werd er gedacht dat de hoefdieren een natuurlijke groep (clade) vormden. Ze zouden afstammen van de Mesozoïsche Zhelestidae en daarmee de groep Ungulatomorpha vormen, een van de hoofdgroepen van de placentadieren. Genetische gegevens hebben de bodem onder de monofyletische Ungulata weggeslagen. De groep van slurfdieren, zeekoeien en klipdassen (Paenungulata) behoort tot de Afrotheria, net als de buistandigen. De overige hoefdieren zijn deel van de Laurasiatheria, maar niet als nauwste verwanten: de onevenhoevigen zijn verwant aan de Ferae, de evenhoevigen en walvissen vormen een aparte groep. Hoewel de taxonomische basis van de term "hoefdieren" tegenwoordig niet meer geaccepteerd wordt, is de term nog wel in gebruik als handige verzamelnaam voor de verschillende ordes. (nl) Gli ungulati (dal latino ungulatum 'provvisto di unghie', ossia zoccoli) costituiscono un gruppo di mammiferi dal rango attualmente non ben definito, ma comprendente in generale quegli animali che appoggiano il proprio peso corporeo sulla punta delle dita e che hanno perciò sviluppato le unghie a guisa di zoccoli per proteggerle dall'usura. Attualmente il termine "ungulati" viene utilizzato per descrivere unicamente artiodattili e perissodattili, in quanto è opinione diffusa fra gli studiosi che il gruppo sia stato costituito riunendo animali fra loro simili, ma evolutisi in due modi paralleli. (it) Kopytne (Ungulata) – nadrząd ssaków łożyskowych pochodzących od prakopytnych. Tradycyjnie do kopytnych zalicza się zwierzęta, których kończyny zakończone są kopytami. Dawniej klasyfikowane były jako gromada Ungulata (kopytne), a obecnie w rzędach: * parzystokopytne * nieparzystokopytne oraz wymarłe: * notoungulaty Obecnie do grupy kopytnych zalicza się również, oprócz wyżej wymienionych, blisko spokrewnione z nimi rzędy pochodzące od wspólnego przodka, choć nie posiadające kopyt. Są to: trąbowce, rurkozębne, góralkowce, brzegowce i walenie. Współcześnie ich pokrewieństwo (w szczególności pokrewieństwo wszystkich grup) jest wątpliwe. Uproszczony kladogram jednej z hipotez zakładających je za Mikko's Phylogeny Archive: o |== †`--o Ungulata | ?- Tubulidentata (rurkozębne) | ?- †Dinocerata | --o (Paenungulata) | | --o „” | | | -- † | | `--+-- † | | `-- Perissodactyla (nieparzystokopytne) | `--o sensu stricto | | -- † | `--+-- † | `--o | | -- †Embrithopoda | `--+-- Hyracoidea (góralkowce) | `--o | | -- Sirenia (brzegowce) | `--o | | -- †Desmostylia | `-- Proboscidea (trąbowce) `--o | == † `--+--o † | | -- † | | ?- † | `--+-- †Periptychidae | `--+-- † | `--o † | `--o † | | -- † | `--o † | | ?- † | | -- † | `--+?- †Xenungulata (w tym †Pyrotheria) | | ?- †Astrapotheria | | ?- †Notoungulata | `--o † | | ... | `-- †Litopterna `--+-- † `--o "" `--+--o †Triisodontidae `--+-- †Mesonychia `-- Cetartiodactyla (parzystokopytne i walenie) (pl) Hovdjur, ungulater, är ett sammanfattande namn på de ordningar däggdjur som har hovar eller klövar på fötterna. Idag avses med namnet hovdjur främst partåiga hovdjur och uddatåiga hovdjur. (sv) Os ungulados (latim científico: Ungulata) constituíam uma divisão de mamíferos que compreendia os animais de casco, como os artiodáctilos e perissodáctilos. A designação ungulados não faz parte das classificações científicas e partiu-se nas seguintes ordens de mamíferos: * Perissodactyla - ungulados de cascos ímpares (cavalo e zebras, um dedo), rinoceronte e anta (três dedos); * Artiodactyla - ungulados de cascos pares, têm dois ou quatro dedos de apoio. A maioria dos artiodáctilos tem dois dedos, característica que forma casco fendido (gado bovino, antílope, girafa, camelo etc.) e de quatro dedos são o porco, queixada e hipopótamo; * Cetacea (baleias, golfinhos) e Sirenia - que evoluíram a partir de ungulados terrestres; * Proboscidea - elefantes; * Hyracoidea- híraxes; * Ordens extintas - , , , Dinocerata. Os ungulados surgiram no Eocénico e diversificaram-se rapidamente. Têm geralmente dentes caninos reduzidos como parte de uma dentição adaptada à alimentação herbívora. A excepção são os Odontoceti, cetáceos carnívoros como a orca. (pt) 有蹄类（學名：Ungulata）是哺乳纲、勞亞獸總目下的一个演化支，史上曾有多个类群，生存至今的为奇蹄目和鲸偶蹄目，二者都演化自 5400 万年前古新世晚期到始新世早期的踝节目。陆生有蹄类的趾尖包覆有鞘状的角质蹄甲，许多种类仅以蹄甲接触地面支撑身体。 长鼻目、海牛目和蹄兔目曾被认为是有蹄类的分支或近亲，但遗传学研究证实，这几类动物属于大西洋真兽高目下的非洲兽总目，与有蹄类的亲缘关系相当疏远。因此，以奇蹄目和鲸偶蹄目为代表的有蹄类又称为“真有蹄类”（Euungulata），而长鼻目、海牛目及蹄兔目则合称为“准有蹄类”或“近蹄类”。 (zh) Унгуляти (Ungulata) — надряд плацентарних, який об'єднує найбільших ссавців сучасності. Унгуляти налічують приблизно 374 сучасні види у 26 родинах. Унгуляти є наймолодшою в еволюційному плані надрядовою групою ссавців, у тому числі при порівняннях з надрядами комахоїдних (мідицеподібні, їжакоподібні), архонт (примати, кажани), хижих тощо. (uk) Копы́тные (лат. Euungulata, в — Ungulata) — грандотряд плацентарных млекопитающих из надотряда лавразиатерий, в современной фауне представленный отрядами непарнокопытных и китопарнокопытных. Название дано по признаку наличия у большинства представителей копыт, возможно, унаследованных от общего предка; китообразные, хотя и не обладают копытами, в эволюционном смысле относятся к копытным, поскольку произошли от вымерших наземных копытных. 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dbr:Arctocyonidae dbr:Artiodactyla dbr:Artiodactyls dbr:Artiofabula dbr:Asia dbr:Astrapotheria dbc:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus dbr:Chaeropus dbr:Chalicothere dbr:Chevrotain dbc:Extant_Paleocene_first_appearances dbr:Laurasiatheria dbr:Leaves dbr:Blood_vessel dbr:Ecological_niche dbr:Herbivore dbr:Hoof dbr:Toe dbr:Ossicone dbr:Dichobunidae dbr:Dinocerata dbr:Dinosaur dbr:Marsupial dbr:Aquatic_adaptation dbr:Phenacodontidae dbr:Phocoenidae dbr:Physeteroidea dbr:Pig dbr:Pinniped dbr:Plains_zebra dbr:Plants dbr:Platanistoidea dbr:Pleistocene dbr:Pliocene dbr:Porpoise dbr:Squid dbr:Clade dbr:Great_American_Interchange dbr:Grit,_not_grass_hypothesis dbr:Habitat_(ecology) dbr:Mesonychia dbr:Indian_rhinoceros dbr:Kogiidae dbr:Krill dbr:Meridiungulata dbr:Mesaxonia dbr:Mesonychid dbr:Odd-toed_ungulate dbr:Odontoceti dbr:Oligocene dbr:Orca dbr:Cartilage dbr:Raoellidae dbr:Red_deer dbr:Shark dbr:Sheep dbr:Wild_boar dbr:Mountain dbr:Skin dbr:Gut_microbiota dbr:Platanistidae dbr:Ruminantia dbr:Tragulidae dbr:Evolution_of_cetaceans dbr:Evolutionary_grade dbr:Plantigrade dbr:Plains_bison dbr:Physeteridae dbr:Pontoporiidae dbr:Inioidea dbr:Perissodactyla dbr:Phenetics dbr:Type_species dbr:Tayassuidae dbr:Fereuungulata dbr:Ocean_depths dbr:Panperissodactyla dbr:Sengi dbr:Archaeocetes dbr:Astragalus_(bone) dbr:Ceratomorpha dbr:Digestive_system dbr:Creodont dbr:Brazilian_tapir dbr:Perissodactyls dbr:Ziphioidea dbr:Pecorans dbr:Anthracobunia dbr:File:Sa-rhino-skin.jpg dbr:File:Ambulocetus_natans.jpg dbr:File:Elaphurus_davidianus_001.jpg dbr:File:Pecari_tajacu_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Tapir_white_background.jpg dbr:File:White-sided_dolphin.jpg dbr:File:Zebras_Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg dbr:Dichobunoidea dbr:Wiktionary:fluke dbr:File:Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_(Camelus_bactrianus).png dbr:File:Recherches_pour_servir_à_l'histoi...fères_(Pl._80)_(white_background).jpg dbr:File:Uintatherium_DB.jpg dbr:Cebochoeridae dbr:File:Capreolus_capreolus_cloven_hoof.jpg dbr:File:Comdolph.jpg dbr:File:Antilocapra_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Birds_and_nature_(1901)_(14562088237)_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Giraffa_camelopardalis_Brockhaus_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Moschus_chrysogaster_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Red_deer_stag_velvet.jpg dbr:File:The_deer_of_all_lands_(1898)_Hangul_white_background.png dbr:File:Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print...of_Amsterdam_-_(white_background).jpg dbr:Wiktionary:doe dbr:File:Equus_quagga_(white_background).jpg dbr:File:Dolphin_Anatomy.svg dbr:File:Arctocyon_DB.jpg dbr:File:Bluewhale877.jpg dbr:File:Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg dbr:File:Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_(white_background).jpg dbr:File:Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png dbr:File:Rhino_white_background.jpg dbr:File:Mesonyx.jpg dbr:Mixtotheriidae dbr:Paraxonia dbr:File:Eurohippus_parvulus.jpg dbr:File:Hippopotamus_-_04.jpg dbr:File:Diceros_bicornis.jpg | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:authority | Linnaeus, 1766 (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:imageCaption | image from top to left: giraffe, plains bison, dromedary, red deer, wild boar, orca , plains zebra, indian rhinoceros, and brazilian tapir. (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:name | Ungulate (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:subdivision | * Clade: Mesaxonia ** Family: †Phenacodontidae ** Clade: †Anthracobunia *** Family: †Anthracobunidae *** Order: †Desmostylia ** Clade: Panperissodactyla *** Clade: †Litopterna *** Clade: †Notoungulata *** Order: Perissodactyla * Clade: Paraxonia ** Order: †Arctocyonia ** Order: †Mesonychia ** Superfamily: †Dichobunoidea *** Family: †Mixtotheriidae *** Family: †Dichobunidae *** Family: †Helohyidae ***Family: †Cebochoeridae ** Order: Artiodactyla (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:subdivisionRanks | Orders and Clades (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:taxon | Ungulata (en) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Automatic_taxobox dbt:Cite_EB1911 dbt:Clade dbt:Convert dbt:For dbt:IPAc-en dbt:Reflist dbt:Respell dbt:See_also dbt:Short_description dbt:Taxonbar dbt:Wiktionary dbt:Fossilrange dbt:Locomotion dbt:Mya | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | dct:subject | dbc:Ungulates dbc:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus dbc:Extant_Paleocene_first_appearances | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:WikicatUngulates yago:Animal100015388 yago:Chordate101466257 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:Mammal101861778 yago:Object100002684 yago:Organism100004475 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Placental101886756 yago:Ungulate102370806 yago:Vertebrate101471682 yago:Whole100003553 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | rdfs:comment | الحافريات (الاسم العلمي: Ungulates) أو ذوات الحافر هي مجموعة مؤلفة من عدة رتب من الثدييات، بقي منها ست أو ثمان رتب. هناك خلاف فيما إذا كان من الممكن ان نعامل الحافريات كمجموعة فعلية (ناشئة عن تطور), أو فقط مجموعة (متشابهة الفراد لكن بدون صلة قرابة بينها)، بناء على ان الأبحاث تشير لعدم وجود مثل هذه القرابة كما يمكن للمرء أن يعتقد. (ar) Kopytníci (též kopytnatci, Ungulata) jsou polyfyletická skupina savců, zahrnující řády lichokopytníků (koňovití, nosorožcovití, tapírovití) a sudokopytníků (např. velbloudovití, prasatovití, hrochovití, turovití apod.). Skupina byla definována na základě přítomnosti kopyt. Kromě lichokopytníků (Perissodactyla) a sudokopytníků (Cetartiodactyla) bývali někdy jako kopytníci označováni také chobotnatci (Proboscidea), damani (Hyracoidea), hrabáči (Tubulidentata) a sirény (Sirenia). (cs) Hufuloj estas mamuloj, ĉe kies piedoj troviĝas hufojn.Oni distingas inter: * neparhufuloj: rinocero, ĉevalo, tapiro, zebro, azeno, ... * parhufuloj: kamelo, cervo, bovo, ... La diferenco inter tiuj du grupoj estas jena: ĉe neparhufuloj la nura meza fingro portas la tutan korpan pezon, ĉe parhufuloj tion faras la tria kaj kvara fingroj. (eo) Huftiere (Ungulata) ist die zusammenfassende Bezeichnung für mehrere Gruppen der Säugetiere, insbesondere der Paarhufer und der Unpaarhufer. Die Unterscheidung dieser beiden Hauptgruppen ist schon alt: Bei Unpaarhufern trägt die Mittelzehe allein das Körpergewicht, bei Paarhufern übernehmen dritte und vierte Zehe diese Funktion. (de) Ungulatuak (Ungulata) oinetan apoak dituen ugaztunak dira. Ugaztunen zenbait ordena osatzen dituzte, horietatik egun sei iraungi gabeak direnak: * Perissodactyla, * Artiodactyla, * Tubulidentata, * Hyracoidea, * Sirenia * Proboscidea. Adibidez, zaldia, zebra, astoa, behia, errinozeroa, gamelua, hipopotamoa, tapirra, ahuntza, txerria, ardia, jirafa, okapia, altzea, oreina, orkatza edo gazela. (eu) Mamach a gcríochníonn méara a choise ina gcrúba in ionad ingne. Tá crúbaigh chorrmhéaracha ann le corruimhreacha méar, agus crúbaigh rémhéaracha. Agus tá na crúbaigh bhunaidh ann (an eilifint, an hiorax, is an t-ardmharc) a bhíonn planditeach. (ga) Ungulata (artinya kurang lebih "hewan berkuku" atau "hewan berkikil") adalah beberapa kelompok mamalia yang menggunakan ujung kuku mereka untuk menahan berat badannya sewaktu bergerak. Kelompok ini terdiri dari beberapa ordo yang enam sampai delapan di antaranya masih dapat dijumpai sampai sekarang. Perissodactyla (hewan berkuku ganjil seperti kuda, zebra, tapir, dan badak) serta Artiodactyla (hewan berkuku genap seperti babi, kuda nil, unta, dan rusa) merupakan bagian terbesar dari ungulata dan juga merupakan bagian terbesar dari mamalia besar yang hidup di darat. (in) 유제류(有蹄類, Ungulates)는 발굽이 있는 포유류 동물을 말한다. 유제류가 실제 진화상으로 같은 군에 속하는지, 아니면 표현형만이 같은지는 이견이 있다. 유제류는 다음 분류를 포함한다: * 고래목 - 고래, 돌고래 등 * 말목(기제류) - 말 등 * 바다소목 * 바위너구리목 * 우제목/경우제목(우제류) - 소, 양, 염소 등 * 장비목 - 코끼리 (아래 분류에 대해서는 이견이 있음) * 관치목 * 도약땃쥐목 (ko) 有蹄類（ゆうているい、Ungulata）は、哺乳類のうち、蹄（ひづめ）を持つグループ。 狭義には鯨偶蹄類と奇蹄類のみからなる単系統群（真有蹄類・鯨蹄類）を指す。 長鼻類などを含む広義の有蹄類は単系統ではなく、現在は正式な分類群でもないが、かつては有蹄目・有蹄大目・有蹄上目などの分類階級が与えられることもあった。派生形質でまとめられた分類ではあるが、平行進化によるものであり、多系統である。 (ja) Hovdjur, ungulater, är ett sammanfattande namn på de ordningar däggdjur som har hovar eller klövar på fötterna. Idag avses med namnet hovdjur främst partåiga hovdjur och uddatåiga hovdjur. (sv) 有蹄类（學名：Ungulata）是哺乳纲、勞亞獸總目下的一个演化支，史上曾有多个类群，生存至今的为奇蹄目和鲸偶蹄目，二者都演化自 5400 万年前古新世晚期到始新世早期的踝节目。陆生有蹄类的趾尖包覆有鞘状的角质蹄甲，许多种类仅以蹄甲接触地面支撑身体。 长鼻目、海牛目和蹄兔目曾被认为是有蹄类的分支或近亲，但遗传学研究证实，这几类动物属于大西洋真兽高目下的非洲兽总目，与有蹄类的亲缘关系相当疏远。因此，以奇蹄目和鲸偶蹄目为代表的有蹄类又称为“真有蹄类”（Euungulata），而长鼻目、海牛目及蹄兔目则合称为“准有蹄类”或“近蹄类”。 (zh) Унгуляти (Ungulata) — надряд плацентарних, який об'єднує найбільших ссавців сучасності. Унгуляти налічують приблизно 374 сучасні види у 26 родинах. Унгуляти є наймолодшою в еволюційному плані надрядовою групою ссавців, у тому числі при порівняннях з надрядами комахоїдних (мідицеподібні, їжакоподібні), архонт (примати, кажани), хижих тощо. (uk) Копы́тные (лат. Euungulata, в — Ungulata) — грандотряд плацентарных млекопитающих из надотряда лавразиатерий, в современной фауне представленный отрядами непарнокопытных и китопарнокопытных. Название дано по признаку наличия у большинства представителей копыт, возможно, унаследованных от общего предка; китообразные, хотя и не обладают копытами, в эволюционном смысле относятся к копытным, поскольку произошли от вымерших наземных копытных. (ru) Els ungulats (en referència a les seves peülles) són diversos grups de mamífers la majoria dels quals utilitza la punta dels dits (normalment amb peülles) per sostenir la totalitat del seu pes corporal quan es mouen. Inclouen diversos ordres, dels quals en sobreviuen entre sis i vuit. Hi ha una certa polèmica sobre si els ungulats són un grup cladístic (amb un trajecte evolutiu comú) o simplement un grup fenètic (similars, però no necessàriament relacionats), perquè sembla que els ungulats no estan tan estretament relacionats com abans es creia. (ca) Los ungulados (Ungulata) son un antiguo superorden de mamíferos placentarios que se apoyan y caminan con el extremo de los dedos, o descienden de algún animal que lo hacía. Típicamente están revestidos de una pezuña, como en la cabra (más abajo, hay una sección de ejemplos). Los ungulados actualmente están divididos en dos clados Paenungulata perteneciente al superorden Afrotheria y Eungulata perteneciente al superorden Laurasiatheria. Tanto los ungulados existentes como los extintos descienden de los condilartros del Cretácico. Los condilartros a su vez, descendían de ancestros insectívoros. (es) Ongulés Ungulata Hippopotame (Hippopotamus amphibius)(dont sont proches les cétacés) Clade UngulataLinnaeus, 1766 Les ongulés — du latin ungula « ongle », du grec onyx — forment une division traditionnelle des mammifères placentaires. Bon nombre de ces espèces possèdent un ou plusieurs sabots à l'extrémité de leurs membres. Le sabot est alors une formation cornée (telle que l'ongle chez les primates) très développée, et qui enveloppe le ou les doigts reposant sur le sol lors de la locomotion onguligrade. (fr) Ungulates (/ˈʌŋɡjəleɪts, -ləts/ UNG-gyə-layts, -⁠ləts) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, sheep, deer, and hippopotamuses. Cetaceans such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises are also classified as even-toed ungulates, although they do not have hooves. Most terrestrial ungulates use the hoofed tips of their toes to support their body weight while standing or moving. (en) Gli ungulati (dal latino ungulatum 'provvisto di unghie', ossia zoccoli) costituiscono un gruppo di mammiferi dal rango attualmente non ben definito, ma comprendente in generale quegli animali che appoggiano il proprio peso corporeo sulla punta delle dita e che hanno perciò sviluppato le unghie a guisa di zoccoli per proteggerle dall'usura. (it) Hoefdieren (Ungulata) zijn zoogdieren die over hoeven beschikken of afstammen van dieren met hoeven. Hiertoe worden evenhoevigen, onevenhoevigen, slurfdieren, zeekoeien, klipdassen, buistandigen en walvissen gerekend. Het zijn hoefgangers, dat wil zeggen dat ze op de top van hun "vingers" en "tenen" lopen. Daardoor zijn de meeste soorten snel. Dit is tevens hun enige middel om aan potentieel gevaar te ontkomen. Hoefdieren zijn in het algemeen grazende dieren die op open grasvlakten leven. (nl) Kopytne (Ungulata) – nadrząd ssaków łożyskowych pochodzących od prakopytnych. Tradycyjnie do kopytnych zalicza się zwierzęta, których kończyny zakończone są kopytami. Dawniej klasyfikowane były jako gromada Ungulata (kopytne), a obecnie w rzędach: * parzystokopytne * nieparzystokopytne oraz wymarłe: * notoungulaty Obecnie do grupy kopytnych zalicza się również, oprócz wyżej wymienionych, blisko spokrewnione z nimi rzędy pochodzące od wspólnego przodka, choć nie posiadające kopyt. Są to: trąbowce, rurkozębne, góralkowce, brzegowce i walenie. (pl) Os ungulados (latim científico: Ungulata) constituíam uma divisão de mamíferos que compreendia os animais de casco, como os artiodáctilos e perissodáctilos. A designação ungulados não faz parte das classificações científicas e partiu-se nas seguintes ordens de mamíferos: Os ungulados surgiram no Eocénico e diversificaram-se rapidamente. Têm geralmente dentes caninos reduzidos como parte de uma dentição adaptada à alimentação herbívora. A excepção são os Odontoceti, cetáceos carnívoros como a orca. (pt) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | rdfs:label | حافريات (ar) Ungulats (ca) Kopytníci (cs) Huftiere (de) Hufuloj (eo) Ungulatu (eu) Ungulata (es) Crúbach (ga) Ungulata (fr) Ungulata (in) Ungulati (it) 유제류 (ko) 有蹄類 (ja) Hoefdieren (nl) Kopytne (pl) Ungulados (pt) Копытные (ru) Ungulate (en) Hovdjur (sv) Унгуляти (uk) 有蹄類 (zh) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Horn_(anatomy) dbr:Hoof dbr:Evolution_of_cetaceans dbr:Evolution_of_the_horse | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | owl:sameAs | freebase:Ungulate wikidata:Ungulate http://am.dbpedia.org/resource/ሸሆኔ dbpedia-ar:Ungulate http://arz.dbpedia.org/resource/حافريات http://ast.dbpedia.org/resource/Ungulata dbpedia-az:Ungulate dbpedia-ca:Ungulate dbpedia-cs:Ungulate dbpedia-cy:Ungulate 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dbr:Camel dbr:Prolibytherium dbr:Black_musk_deer dbr:Almogaver dbr:Desert_warthog dbr:Indian_spotted_chevrotain dbr:Lesser_mouse-deer dbr:Bactrian_camel dbr:Nilgiri_tahr dbr:Dromedary dbr:Notostylops dbr:Himalayan_tahr dbr:Heude's_pig dbr:Java_mouse-deer dbr:Javan_warty_pig dbr:Red_goral dbr:Red_hartebeest dbr:Domestic_pig dbr:Greater_mouse-deer dbr:Williamson's_mouse-deer dbr:Vietnam_mouse-deer | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Ungulate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |