Jackson's Valley campaign (original) (raw)
Jacksons Shenandoah-Feldzug umfasste im Frühjahr 1862 eine Reihe von Schlachten und Gefechten im westlichen Virginia während des Amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs. Innerhalb von drei Monaten marschierten 17.000 Soldaten der Konföderation unter Generalmajor „Stonewall“ Jackson mehr als 600 Meilen, fochten vier große und sieben kleinere Gefechte, schlugen vier gegnerische Großverbände in Divisionsstärke, erbeuteten neun Geschütze und zehntausende Handwaffen, nahmen 4.000 Soldaten der Union gefangen, vereitelten das Bemühen von 60.000 Soldaten der Union, das Shenandoahtal zu erobern und banden insgesamt 100.000 Soldaten der Union mit vergleichsweise geringen eigenen Verlusten.
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| dbo:abstract | Jacksons Shenandoah-Feldzug umfasste im Frühjahr 1862 eine Reihe von Schlachten und Gefechten im westlichen Virginia während des Amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs. Innerhalb von drei Monaten marschierten 17.000 Soldaten der Konföderation unter Generalmajor „Stonewall“ Jackson mehr als 600 Meilen, fochten vier große und sieben kleinere Gefechte, schlugen vier gegnerische Großverbände in Divisionsstärke, erbeuteten neun Geschütze und zehntausende Handwaffen, nahmen 4.000 Soldaten der Union gefangen, vereitelten das Bemühen von 60.000 Soldaten der Union, das Shenandoahtal zu erobern und banden insgesamt 100.000 Soldaten der Union mit vergleichsweise geringen eigenen Verlusten. (de) Jackson's Valley campaign, also known as the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862, was Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's spring 1862 campaign through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia during the American Civil War. Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond. Jackson suffered an initial tactical defeat (his second defeat of the war) at the First Battle of Kernstown (March 23, 1862) against Col. Nathan Kimball (part of Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's army), but it proved to be a strategic Confederate victory because President Abraham Lincoln reinforced the Union's Valley forces with troops that had originally been designated for the Peninsula campaign against Richmond. Following Kernstown, Jackson retreated to form a line at Stony Creek south of Woodstock, making his headquarters at Narrow Passage on Stony Creek. It was there he summoned a local cartographer, Jedediah Hotchkiss, who recommended he withdraw from the indefensible Stony Creek to Rude's Hill, a strategic small promontory but a commanding defensive position astride the Valley Turnpike south of Mt. Jackson. It was at Rude's Hill, which was Jackson's headquarters from 2-17 April, that Jackson reorganized his command. Jackson had instructed Hotckiss to "make me a map of the Valley, from Harper's Ferry to Lexington, showing all the points of offence and defence [sic] in those places." The Shenandoah Valley had never been comprehensively mapped before, and Hotchkiss' maps and knowledge of the terrain proved to be a decisive tactical advantage for Jackson throughout the rest of the campaign. On May 8, after more than a month of skirmishing with Banks, Jackson moved deceptively to the west of the Valley and drove back elements of Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's army in the Battle of McDowell, preventing a potential combination of the two Union armies against him. Jackson then headed down the Valley once again to confront Banks. Concealing his movement in the Luray Valley, Jackson joined forces with Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and captured the Federal garrison at Front Royal on May 23, causing Banks to retreat to the north. On May 25, in the First Battle of Winchester, Jackson defeated Banks and pursued him until the Union Army crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. Bringing in Union reinforcements from eastern Virginia, Brig. Gen. James Shields recaptured Front Royal and planned to link up with Frémont in Strasburg. Jackson was now threatened by three small Union armies. Withdrawing up the Valley from Winchester, Jackson was pursued by Frémont and Shields. On June 8, Ewell defeated Frémont in the Battle of Cross Keys and on the following day, crossed the North River to join forces with Jackson to defeat Shields in the Battle of Port Republic, bringing the campaign to a close. Jackson followed up his successful campaign by forced marches to join Gen. Robert E. Lee for the Seven Days Battles outside Richmond. His audacious campaign elevated him to the position of the most famous general in the Confederacy (until this reputation was later supplanted by Lee) and has been studied ever since by military organizations around the world. (en) La campaña de Jackson's Valley, también conocida como la campaña del valle de Shenandoah de 1862, fue la campaña del general de división confederado Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson en la primavera de 1862 a través del valle de Shenandoah en Virginia durante la Guerra civil estadounidense. Empleando audacia y movimientos rápidos e impredecibles en las líneas interiores, los 17.000 hombres de Jackson marcharon 646 millas (1.040 km) en 48 días y ganaron varias batallas menores al enfrentarse con éxito a tres ejércitos de la Unión (52.000 hombres), impidiéndoles reforzar la ofensiva de la Unión contra Richmond. Jackson sufrió una derrota táctica (su única derrota de la guerra) en la primera batalla de Kernstown (23 de marzo de 1862) contra el coronel (que formaba parte del ejército del general de división Nathaniel P. Banks), pero resultó ser una victoria estratégica de la Confederación porque el presidente Abraham Lincoln reforzó las fuerzas del valle de la Unión con tropas que habían sido designadas originalmente para la campaña de la península contra Richmond. El 8 de mayo, después de más de un mes de escaramuzas con Banks, Jackson se desplazó sigilosamente al oeste del valle y expulsó a elementos del ejército del general de división John C. Frémont en la batalla de McDowell, impidiendo una posible combinación de los dos ejércitos de la Unión en su contra. Jackson se dirigió entonces al valle una vez más para enfrentarse a Banks. Escondiendo su movimiento en el valle de Luray, Jackson unió fuerzas con el general de división Richard S. Ewell y capturó la guarnición federal en el 23 de mayo, haciendo que Banks se retirara al norte. El 25 de mayo, en la , Jackson derrotó a Banks y lo persiguió hasta que el ejército de la Unión cruzó el río Potomac hacia Maryland. Trayendo refuerzos de la Unión desde el este de Virginia, el general de brigada recapturó Front Royal y planeó unirse a Frémont en Strasburg. Jackson estaba ahora amenazado por tres pequeños ejércitos de la Unión. Al retirarse del valle de Winchester, Jackson fue perseguido por Frémont y Shields. El 8 de junio, Ewell derrotó a Frémont en la y al día siguiente, cruzó el río Norte para unir fuerzas con Jackson para derrotar a Shields en la , poniendo fin a la campaña. Jackson siguió su exitosa campaña con marchas forzadas para unirse al general Robert E. Lee en las batallas de los Siete Días en las afueras de Richmond. Su audaz campaña lo elevó a la posición de general más famoso de la Confederación (hasta que esta reputación fue posteriormente superada por Lee) y desde entonces ha sido estudiado por organizaciones militares de todo el mundo. (es) La campagne de la vallée de Shenandoah est une brillante campagne du général Stonewall Jackson en Virginie qui se déroule durant la guerre de Sécession, au printemps 1862. De par son audace et de rapides manœuvres, la troupe sudiste de Jackson, composée de 17 000 hommes, remporte plusieurs combats contre trois armées fédérales (plus de 60 000 hommes), empêchant alors l'armée des États-Unis de recevoir les renforts souhaités pour son offensive contre Richmond, la capitale sudiste. Cette campagne est toujours étudiée dans les écoles militaires comme emblématique de l'utilisation de la vitesse d'exécution pour compenser une faiblesse numérique. (fr) バレー方面作戦（バレーほうめんさくせん、英:Valley Campaign）は、南北戦争の初期1862年春に、南軍のストーンウォール・ジャクソン将軍がバージニア州シェナンドー・バレーで輝かしい戦果を挙げた作戦である。ジャクソンの17,000名の部隊は大胆で電撃的な動きを行って、幾つかの小さな戦いに勝利し、3個軍60,000名以上の北軍兵力がリッチモンド攻撃に参加することを阻止した。 (ja) La campagna della valle fu una campagna militare condotta dal Generale confederato Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson nel 1862 attraverso la Valle dello Shenandoah, Virginia, durante la guerra di secessione americana. La primavera del 1862 fu una stagione di grandi ansie per la confederazione. Essa aveva visto scemare rapidamente la speranza di un rapido successo della sua causa dopo il successo colto nell'estate del 1861 (particolarmente con la prima battaglia di Bull Run. Gli eserciti dell'Unione sul fronte occidentale, agli ordini di Ulysses Simpson Grant e altri avevano catturato territorio confederato e vinto significative battaglie a Fort Donelson e Shiloh. Nell'Est inoltre la massiccia Armata del Potomac del Maggior Generale George B. McClellan si avvicinava a Richmond da SE nella Campagna Peninsulare, il vasto corpo del Mag. Gen. Irvin McDowell era posizionato per colpire Richmond da nord e l'esercito del Mag. Gen. Nathaniel Banks stava minacciando la Valle dello Shenandoah.L'impresa di Jackson nella vallata avrebbe aiutato a far fallire i piani dell'unione e a rinvigorire il morale confederato. (it) 계곡 전역(Valley Campaign)은 남북 전쟁 초기 1862년 봄, 남군의 스톤월 잭슨 장군이 버지니아주 셰넌도어 계곡에서 북군을 상대로 빛나는 전과를 올린 작전을 말한다. 잭슨 휘하의 17,000명 부대는 대담한 전격적인 기동(起動)을 통해 몇 차례 작은 전투에서 승리해 3개 군(軍) 60,000명 이상의 북군 병력이 남부동맹 수도 리치먼드 공격에 참가하는 것을 저지했다. (ko) Jacksons veldtocht in de Shenandoahvallei (Engels: Jackson's Valley Campagne) was een veldtocht van de Zuidelijke generaal-majoor Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson in de Shenandoahvallei in Virginia in 1862 tijdens de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog.Door durf, snelheid en onverwachte bewegingen slaagden Jacksons 17.000 soldaten erin om 1.040 km te marcheren en verschillende kleinere veldslagen te winnen tegen drie Noordelijke legers met samen 52.000 soldaten. Door deze acties voorkwam Jackson dat deze drie vijandelijke legers het Noordelijk offensief tegen Richmond versterkten. Jackson zou tijdens deze veldtocht zijn enige nederlaag tijdens de oorlog lijden. In de Eerste Slag bij Kernstown op 23 maart werd hij verslagen door kolonel Nathan Kimball (die deel uitmaakte van generaal Nathaniel P. Banks' leger). Deze tactische nederlaag zou een strategische overwinning blijken te zijn. President Abraham Lincoln stuurde versterkingen naar de vallei die normaal bestemd waren voor het Noordelijke offensief op de vijandelijke hoofdstad Richmond of de zogenaamde Schiereiland-veldtocht. Op 8 mei, na meer dan een maand van kat-en-muisspel met Banks, verplaatste Jackson zijn leger naar het westen van de vallei. Daar versloeg hij eenheden van generaal-majoor John C. Frémont in de Slag bij McDowell. Jackson slaagde erin het samengaan van twee Noordelijke legers te voorkomen. Opnieuw verplaatste Jackson zijn eenheden om opnieuw Banks aan te vallen. Via Page Valley en Luray Valley had hij ongezien aansluiting kunnen vinden met de eenheden onder generaal-majoor Richard S. Ewell. Samen veroverden ze het Noordelijke garnizoen in de Slag bij Front Royal op 23 mei. Banks trok zich naar het noorden terug. Op 25 mei versloeg Jackson Banks opnieuw in de Eerste Slag bij Winchester toen de Noordelijken de Potomac overstaken naar Maryland Brigadegeneraal heroverde Front Royal nadat hij vanuit oostelijk Virginia versterkingen had aangevoerd. Hij zocht aansluiting bij het leger van Frémont. Jackson had nu drie kleine Noordelijke legers tegenover zich. Jackson trok zich terug door de vallei vanuit Winchester. Frémont en Shields zaten hem op de hielen. Op 8 juni versloeg Ewell Frémont in de kleine Slag bij Cross Keys. De volgende dag stak Ewell de North-rivier over om samen met Jackson Shields te verslaan in de Slag bij Port Republic. Na deze overwinning sloot Jackson zich aan bij Robert E. Lee met geforceerde marsen om deel te nemen aan de Zevendagenslag voor Richmond. Door deze briljante veldtocht werd Jackson de meest bekende Zuidelijke generaal. Later zou enkel Lee meer roem vergaren. Zijn veldslagen en tactieken worden tot vandaag bestudeerd in de militaire scholen in de wereld. (nl) Kampania w dolinie Shenandoah – jedna z kampanii na froncie wschodnim podczas wojny secesyjnej. Działania wojenne toczyły się wiosną 1862 w dolinie rzeki Shenandoah. Dowodzona przez generała Thomasa „Stonewalla” Jacksona siedemnastotysięczna armia konfederatów kilkakrotnie skutecznie stawiła czoła trzem armiom Unii liczącym łącznie 60 tysięcy żołnierzy. (pl) Кампания в долине (The Valley Campaign) — военная кампания генерал-майора Конфедерации Томаса Джексона в долине Шенандоа весной 1862 года, в ходе Гражданской войны в Америке. Джексон начал кампанию в то время, когда Конфедерация терпела поражения на всех направлениях, а федеральная армия приближалась к Ричмонду. Несмотря на то, что в распоряжении Джексона было подразделение, в разное время насчитывавшие от 5 000 до 17 000 человек, он сумел быстрыми маршами и маневрированием выиграть несколько локальных сражений и удержал в регионе три армии Союза общей численностью более 60 000 человек, не позволив им поддержать наступление Потомакской армии на Ричмонд. Джексон проиграл первое сражение кампании, но выиграл последующие, сумел сковать федеральные армии в долине Шенандоа и своевременно прийти на помощь генералу Ли под Ричмондом. Эта кампания считается самой яркой в американской истории, а Джексон стал самым знаменитым, на тот момент, генералом Конфедерации. (ru) 河谷會戰（Valley Campaign）是於1862年在維吉尼亞的雪倫多亞河谷進行，南軍軍官為石牆傑克森，在他的率領下，南軍徹底打敗了北軍，粉碎了北軍原先要去攻打里奇蒙的計劃。 (zh) |
| dbo:causalties | 5,307 |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Stonewall_Jackson dbr:Irvin_McDowell dbr:John_C._Frémont dbr:Nathaniel_P._Banks |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:American_Civil_War |
| dbo:place | dbr:Virginia dbr:Shenandoah_Valley |
| dbo:result | Confederate victory |
| dbo:strength | 17,000 52,000 (June 1862) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Stonewall_Jackson_Bendann.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:caption | Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson, commander of the Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862 (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 2677 (xsd:integer) 5307 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatantsHeader | Belligerents (en) |
| dbp:commander | dbr:Stonewall_Jackson dbr:Irvin_McDowell dbr:John_C._Frémont dbr:Nathaniel_P._Banks |
| dbp:conflict | Jackson’s Valley campaign (en) |
| dbp:date | March–June, 1862 (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the American Civil War (en) |
| dbp:place | Shenandoah Valley, Virginia (en) |
| dbp:quote | The enemy poured grape and musketry into Taylor's line as soon as it came in sight. Gen. Taylor rode in front of his brigade, drawn sword in hand, occasionally turning his horse, at other times merely turning in his saddle to see that his line was up. They marched up the hill in perfect order, not firing a shot! About half-way to the Yankees in a loud and commanding voice that I am sure the Yankees heard, he gave the order to charge! (en) A star has arisen: his name [Stonewall], the haughty foe has found, to his cost, has been given prophetically, as he proved a wall of granite to them. For four weeks he has kept at bay more than one of the boasted armies." (en) The impetuosity of Jackson had betrayed him into attacking before his troops were sufficiently massed, which was made difficult by the insufficient means of crossing the river. (en) By God, sir, I will not retreat. We have more to fear from the opinions of our friends than the bayonets of our enemies. (en) Jackson and his army, in one month, have routed Milroy—annihilated Banks—discomfited Frémont, and overthrown Shields! Was there ever such a series of victories won by an inferior force by dauntless courage and consummate generalship? (en) |
| dbp:result | Confederate victory (en) |
| dbp:source | 0001-05-24 (xsd:gMonthDay) 0001-06-06 (xsd:gMonthDay) Brig. Gen. William B. Taliaferro (en) Diary of Confederate Army nurse, Kate Cummings (en) Rev. Major Robert L. Dabney, Jackson's chaplain (en) |
| dbp:strength | 17000 (xsd:integer) 52000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:units | * Department of the Shenandoah * Mountain Department * Department of the Rappahannock (en) *Valley District, Department of Northern Virginia (en) |
| dbp:width | 25.0 35.0 |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Campaigns_of_the_Eastern_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War dbc:1862_in_Virginia dbc:Jackson's_Valley_campaign dbc:Military_operations_of_the_American_Civil_War_in_Virginia |
| georss:point | 38.65 -78.67 |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing schema:Event dul:Event dbo:SocietalEvent wikidata:Q1656682 geo:SpatialThing dbo:Event dbo:MilitaryConflict |
| rdfs:comment | Jacksons Shenandoah-Feldzug umfasste im Frühjahr 1862 eine Reihe von Schlachten und Gefechten im westlichen Virginia während des Amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs. Innerhalb von drei Monaten marschierten 17.000 Soldaten der Konföderation unter Generalmajor „Stonewall“ Jackson mehr als 600 Meilen, fochten vier große und sieben kleinere Gefechte, schlugen vier gegnerische Großverbände in Divisionsstärke, erbeuteten neun Geschütze und zehntausende Handwaffen, nahmen 4.000 Soldaten der Union gefangen, vereitelten das Bemühen von 60.000 Soldaten der Union, das Shenandoahtal zu erobern und banden insgesamt 100.000 Soldaten der Union mit vergleichsweise geringen eigenen Verlusten. (de) バレー方面作戦（バレーほうめんさくせん、英:Valley Campaign）は、南北戦争の初期1862年春に、南軍のストーンウォール・ジャクソン将軍がバージニア州シェナンドー・バレーで輝かしい戦果を挙げた作戦である。ジャクソンの17,000名の部隊は大胆で電撃的な動きを行って、幾つかの小さな戦いに勝利し、3個軍60,000名以上の北軍兵力がリッチモンド攻撃に参加することを阻止した。 (ja) 계곡 전역(Valley Campaign)은 남북 전쟁 초기 1862년 봄, 남군의 스톤월 잭슨 장군이 버지니아주 셰넌도어 계곡에서 북군을 상대로 빛나는 전과를 올린 작전을 말한다. 잭슨 휘하의 17,000명 부대는 대담한 전격적인 기동(起動)을 통해 몇 차례 작은 전투에서 승리해 3개 군(軍) 60,000명 이상의 북군 병력이 남부동맹 수도 리치먼드 공격에 참가하는 것을 저지했다. (ko) Kampania w dolinie Shenandoah – jedna z kampanii na froncie wschodnim podczas wojny secesyjnej. Działania wojenne toczyły się wiosną 1862 w dolinie rzeki Shenandoah. Dowodzona przez generała Thomasa „Stonewalla” Jacksona siedemnastotysięczna armia konfederatów kilkakrotnie skutecznie stawiła czoła trzem armiom Unii liczącym łącznie 60 tysięcy żołnierzy. (pl) 河谷會戰（Valley Campaign）是於1862年在維吉尼亞的雪倫多亞河谷進行，南軍軍官為石牆傑克森，在他的率領下，南軍徹底打敗了北軍，粉碎了北軍原先要去攻打里奇蒙的計劃。 (zh) Jackson's Valley campaign, also known as the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862, was Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's spring 1862 campaign through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia during the American Civil War. Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond. (en) La campaña de Jackson's Valley, también conocida como la campaña del valle de Shenandoah de 1862, fue la campaña del general de división confederado Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson en la primavera de 1862 a través del valle de Shenandoah en Virginia durante la Guerra civil estadounidense. Empleando audacia y movimientos rápidos e impredecibles en las líneas interiores, los 17.000 hombres de Jackson marcharon 646 millas (1.040 km) en 48 días y ganaron varias batallas menores al enfrentarse con éxito a tres ejércitos de la Unión (52.000 hombres), impidiéndoles reforzar la ofensiva de la Unión contra Richmond. (es) La campagne de la vallée de Shenandoah est une brillante campagne du général Stonewall Jackson en Virginie qui se déroule durant la guerre de Sécession, au printemps 1862. De par son audace et de rapides manœuvres, la troupe sudiste de Jackson, composée de 17 000 hommes, remporte plusieurs combats contre trois armées fédérales (plus de 60 000 hommes), empêchant alors l'armée des États-Unis de recevoir les renforts souhaités pour son offensive contre Richmond, la capitale sudiste. (fr) La campagna della valle fu una campagna militare condotta dal Generale confederato Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson nel 1862 attraverso la Valle dello Shenandoah, Virginia, durante la guerra di secessione americana. (it) Jacksons veldtocht in de Shenandoahvallei (Engels: Jackson's Valley Campagne) was een veldtocht van de Zuidelijke generaal-majoor Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson in de Shenandoahvallei in Virginia in 1862 tijdens de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog.Door durf, snelheid en onverwachte bewegingen slaagden Jacksons 17.000 soldaten erin om 1.040 km te marcheren en verschillende kleinere veldslagen te winnen tegen drie Noordelijke legers met samen 52.000 soldaten. Door deze acties voorkwam Jackson dat deze drie vijandelijke legers het Noordelijk offensief tegen Richmond versterkten. (nl) Кампания в долине (The Valley Campaign) — военная кампания генерал-майора Конфедерации Томаса Джексона в долине Шенандоа весной 1862 года, в ходе Гражданской войны в Америке. Джексон начал кампанию в то время, когда Конфедерация терпела поражения на всех направлениях, а федеральная армия приближалась к Ричмонду. Несмотря на то, что в распоряжении Джексона было подразделение, в разное время насчитывавшие от 5 000 до 17 000 человек, он сумел быстрыми маршами и маневрированием выиграть несколько локальных сражений и удержал в регионе три армии Союза общей численностью более 60 000 человек, не позволив им поддержать наступление Потомакской армии на Ричмонд. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Jackson's Valley campaign (en) Jacksons Shenandoah-Feldzug 1862 (de) Campaña de Jackson's Valley (es) Campagne de la vallée de Shenandoah (1862) (fr) Campagna della Valle (it) 셰넌도어 계곡 전역 (ko) バレー方面作戦 (ja) Jacksons veldtocht in de Shenandoahvallei (nl) Kampania w dolinie Shenandoah (pl) Кампания в долине Шенандоа (1862) (ru) 河谷會戰 (zh) |
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