| dbo:abstract |
هو مجموعة من أساليب المستخدمة لإخمادحرائق الغابات. تتطلب جهود مكافحة الحرائق في المناطق البرية البرية تقنيات ومعدات وتدريبًا مختلفًا من الأكثر شيوعًا الموجود في المناطق المأهولة بالسكان. تعمل هذه الطواقم المدربة على حرائق الغابات جنبًا إلى جنب مع المصممة خصيصًا لإخماد النيران وإنشاء وإطفاء اللهب ومناطق الحرارة لحماية الموارد والبرية الطبيعية. يعالج إخماد حرائق الهشيم أيضًا قضايا حيث تتاخم المناطق المأهولة بالسكان مناطق برية. في الولايات المتحدة ودول أخرى، ساهم إخماد حرائق الغابات بشكل عدواني بهدف الحد من الحرائق في تراكم أحمال الوقود مما زاد من مخاطر اندلاع حرائق كبيرة وكارثية. (ar) La extinción de incendios forestales es una actividad de cuidado medioambiental y de seguridad pública que atañe a un diverso grupo de profesionales. Su ejecución gira en torno a tres ejes: el análisis para la extinción, las acciones para la extinción y las unidades intervinientes. (es) La suppression des feux de friches (en anglais : Wildfire suppression) est une gamme de tactiques de lutte contre l'incendie utilisées pour supprimer les feux de friches, ou feux incontrôlés. Les feux de friches (en anglais : wildfires) sont des incendies imprévus qui se produisent dans les terres naturelles (sauvages) comme les forêts, les parcours ou les prairies. Ces événements extrêmes sont courants dans l'ouest des États-Unis, se produisant généralement en été et en automne. La suppression des feux de friches nécessite des techniques, des équipements et une formation différents de la lutte contre les incendies dans les zones peuplées. Travaillant en conjonction avec des aéronefs spécialement conçus (avions et hélicoptères bombardiers d'eau), les équipes formées aux feux de friches éteignent les feux et construisent des pare-feux pour protéger les ressources et les zones naturelles. Cette problématique implique également la question de l'interface entre les zones naturelles et les zones urbaines, où les zones peuplées bordent les terres naturelles. Aux États-Unis et dans d'autres pays, la suppression agressive des feux de friche destinée à minimiser les incendies a contribué à l'accumulation de matières combustibles, augmentant le risque d'incendies de grande ampleur et catastrophiques. (fr) Wildfire suppression is a range of firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires. Firefighting efforts in wild land areas require different techniques, equipment, and training from the more familiar structure fire fighting found in populated areas. Working in conjunction with specially designed aerial firefighting aircraft, these wildfire-trained crews suppress flames, construct fire lines, and extinguish flames and areas of heat to protect resources and natural wilderness. Wildfire suppression also addresses the issues of the wildland–urban interface, where populated areas border with wild land areas. In the United States and other countries, aggressive wildfire suppression aimed at minimizing fire has contributed to accumulation of fuel loads, increasing the risk of large, catastrophic fires. (en) 森林消防是對於森林火災的救援專業，野外的環境與城市火災有大量不同，引燃物是低價值的樹木同時人口稀少，而且水源取得困難，風向猛烈影響火情巨大，所以森林消防重心放在於火區的封閉阻擋讓火勢自行熄滅，而非直接撲滅火源。避免火勢蔓延到人口密集區是第一要務，也因此導出了許多特殊滅火技術。同時山地的困難最大往往是交通問題，嚮導與熟知地形者的平時編組動員訓練對於救火效率影響大。 森林大火若是失控除了有波及人類的危害，最大後果是可能造成當地數十年的生態系恢復期，對農林業與觀光經濟價值的長期損害巨大。國際標準是24小時火災撲滅率超過95%，森林火災受害率穩定控制在0.9%。 (zh) |
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http://www.ciffc.ca/index.php%3Foption=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2004_costa001.pdf http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr120.pdf https://archive.org/details/taigasayr00sayr https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1251/1/012006/pdf http://bcwildfire.ca/ http://bcwildfire.ca/FAQ/behaviour.htm http://www.extinciondeincendios.es http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/fHaTbH5dyIpwKgr3dGmP/full https://web.archive.org/web/20070730211840/http:/www.asiaforests.org/doc/resources/fire/pffsea/Report_Community.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20090422072708/http:/cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/wildfire.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20110523155819/http:/cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/en_CA/index https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/firefighting/ http://www.nifc.gov http://arxiudigital.ctfc.cat/docs/upload/27_523_casals_FEM_2016.pdf http://arxiudigital.ctfc.cat/docs/upload/27_434_Valor_etal_2015.pdf http://www.iawfonline.org http://www.asiaforests.org/doc/resources/fire/pffsea/Report_Community.pdf |
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هو مجموعة من أساليب المستخدمة لإخمادحرائق الغابات. تتطلب جهود مكافحة الحرائق في المناطق البرية البرية تقنيات ومعدات وتدريبًا مختلفًا من الأكثر شيوعًا الموجود في المناطق المأهولة بالسكان. تعمل هذه الطواقم المدربة على حرائق الغابات جنبًا إلى جنب مع المصممة خصيصًا لإخماد النيران وإنشاء وإطفاء اللهب ومناطق الحرارة لحماية الموارد والبرية الطبيعية. يعالج إخماد حرائق الهشيم أيضًا قضايا حيث تتاخم المناطق المأهولة بالسكان مناطق برية. في الولايات المتحدة ودول أخرى، ساهم إخماد حرائق الغابات بشكل عدواني بهدف الحد من الحرائق في تراكم أحمال الوقود مما زاد من مخاطر اندلاع حرائق كبيرة وكارثية. (ar) La extinción de incendios forestales es una actividad de cuidado medioambiental y de seguridad pública que atañe a un diverso grupo de profesionales. Su ejecución gira en torno a tres ejes: el análisis para la extinción, las acciones para la extinción y las unidades intervinientes. (es) 森林消防是對於森林火災的救援專業，野外的環境與城市火災有大量不同，引燃物是低價值的樹木同時人口稀少，而且水源取得困難，風向猛烈影響火情巨大，所以森林消防重心放在於火區的封閉阻擋讓火勢自行熄滅，而非直接撲滅火源。避免火勢蔓延到人口密集區是第一要務，也因此導出了許多特殊滅火技術。同時山地的困難最大往往是交通問題，嚮導與熟知地形者的平時編組動員訓練對於救火效率影響大。 森林大火若是失控除了有波及人類的危害，最大後果是可能造成當地數十年的生態系恢復期，對農林業與觀光經濟價值的長期損害巨大。國際標準是24小時火災撲滅率超過95%，森林火災受害率穩定控制在0.9%。 (zh) La suppression des feux de friches (en anglais : Wildfire suppression) est une gamme de tactiques de lutte contre l'incendie utilisées pour supprimer les feux de friches, ou feux incontrôlés. Les feux de friches (en anglais : wildfires) sont des incendies imprévus qui se produisent dans les terres naturelles (sauvages) comme les forêts, les parcours ou les prairies. Ces événements extrêmes sont courants dans l'ouest des États-Unis, se produisant généralement en été et en automne. (fr) Wildfire suppression is a range of firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires. Firefighting efforts in wild land areas require different techniques, equipment, and training from the more familiar structure fire fighting found in populated areas. Working in conjunction with specially designed aerial firefighting aircraft, these wildfire-trained crews suppress flames, construct fire lines, and extinguish flames and areas of heat to protect resources and natural wilderness. Wildfire suppression also addresses the issues of the wildland–urban interface, where populated areas border with wild land areas. (en) |
| rdfs:label |
Wildfire suppression (en) إخماد حرائق الغابات (ar) Extinción de incendios forestales (es) Suppression des feux de friches (fr) 森林消防 (zh) |
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