Women's liberation movement (original) (raw)
- El Women's Lib és l'abreviatura de Women's Liberation Movement, als Estats Units. Des dels anys 1960, les dones que formen part d'aquest moviment protesten contra totes les formes de sexisme i de discriminació del qual són víctimes, i reclamen una real igualtat dels drets amb els homes. El Women's Lib correspon a la segona ona del feminisme del segle xx, que havia començat amb les reivindicacions de les "sufragistes". (El 26 d'agost de 1920 les dones americanes van obtenir el dret de vot). Aquesta segona onada va lligar amb l'esperit contestatari dels anys 60 i 70, de vegades amb posicions molt radicals. Va assimilar les seves reivindicacions amb les d'altres col·lectius (negres, hippies, etc.) en el context de la lluita pels drets civils als EUA. Avui, el Women's Lib americà és encarnat per diverses organitzacions, NOW o Nacional Organization of Women, Feminist Majority, Planned Parenthood...Representants del moviment són Betty Friedan, Juliet Mitchell i Germaine Greer. (ca)
- حركة تحرير المرأة، كانت تنسيقًا سياسيًا منطويًا على الفكرانية النسائية والنسوية. انطلقت هذه الحركة في أواخر ستينيات القرن المنصرم واستمرت حتى الثمانينيات، منتشرةً في المقام الأول ضمن نطاق الدول الصناعية في العالم الغربي ومحدثةً مجموعةً من التغييرات الكبيرة (على الصعيد السياسي والفكري والثقافي) في جميع أنحاء العالم. انبثق قسم نسوي راديكالي من صلب حركة تحرير المرأة، إذ استند إلى الفلسفة المعاصرة وضم نساءً من مختلف الخلفيات العرقية والثقافية. طرحت نساء النسوية الراديكالية المسألة المتمثلة بضرورة منح النساء الحرية الاقتصادية والنفسية والاجتماعية، وذلك بهدف إحراز تقدّم بخصوص مكانتهن بصفتهن مواطنات من الدرجة الثانية في مجتمعاتهن. شككت حركة تحرير المرأة في الشرعية الثقافية والقانونية للسلطة الأبوية ساعيةً إلى تحقيق المساواة بين المرأة والرجل، وشككت أيضًا في الشرعية العملية للتسلسل الهرمي والجنسي المُستخدم للسيطرة على الاستقلال القانوني والمادي للمرأة والحد منه في المجتمع. طرحت النساء الليبراليات الفكرة القائلة بأن التحيز الجنسي – التمييز الرسمي وغير الرسمي القائم على الجنس والمبني على وجود البناء الاجتماعي الجنساني- هو المشكلة السياسية الرئيسية لديناميكيات السلطة في مجتمعاتهن. اقترحت حركة تحرير المرأة عمومًا إحداث تغيير اجتماعي واقتصادي في اليسار السياسي، ورفضت الفكرة المتمثلة بقدرة المساواة الجزئية –في إطار الطبقة الاجتماعية ووفقًا لها- على التخلص من التمييز الجنسي ضد المرأة، وعززت المبادئ الإنسانية مثل احترام حقوق الإنسان للجميع. نجح الليبراليون في تغيير كيفية النظر إلى المرأة في ثقافاتهم في العقود التي ازدهرت خلالها حركة تحرير المرأة، وتمكّنوا من إعادة تعريف الأدوار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية للمرأة في المجتمع، بالإضافة إلى تغييرهم للتيار العام للمجتمع. (ar)
- El movimiento de liberación de las mujeres (WLM, por sus siglas en inglés) fue una alineación política de la mujer y del intelectualismo feminista que surgió a finales de la década de 1960 y se extendió hasta la década de 1980, sobre todo, en los países industrializados del mundo occidental, y que influyó una gran transformación (política, intelectual, cultural) en todo el mundo. La rama WLM del feminismo radical, basada en la filosofía contemporánea, estaba compuesta por mujeres de trasfondos racial y culturalmente diversos que plantearon que, para que las mujeres dejasen de ser ciudadanas de segunda clase en sus respectivas sociedades, era necesaria su libertad económica, psicológica y social. Con el fin de hacer posible la igualdad de la mujer, el WLM puso en duda la validez cultural y legal del patriarcado y la validez práctica de las jerarquías sociales y sexuales que se usan para controlar y limitar la independencia física y legal de las mujeres en la sociedad. Los liberacionistas de las mujeres afirmaron que el sexismo—(la discriminación legal basada en el sexo, formal e informal, con sus fundamentos en la existencia de la construcción social del género)—era el problema político más importante en las dinámicas de poder de sus respectivas sociedades. En general, el WLM propuso cambios socioeconómicos desde la izquierda política, rechazó la idea de que la igualdad no sistemática, en el interior de y según la clase social, eliminaría la discriminación sexual contra las mujeres y promovió los principios del humanismo, sobre todo, el respeto a los derechos humanos de todas las personas. En las décadas en las que floreció el Movimiento de Liberación de las Mujeres, los liberacionistas cambiaron con éxito la forma en la que se percibía a las mujeres en sus respectivas culturas, redefinieron el papel político y socioeconómico de la mujer en la sociedad y transformaron la sociedad en su conjunto. (es)
- Le Women's Lib est l'abréviation de Women's Liberation Movement (ou WLM, en français « Mouvement de libération des femmes »), aux États-Unis. Depuis les années 1960, les femmes qui adhèrent à ce mouvement protestent contre toutes les formes de sexisme et de discrimination dont elles sont victimes et réclament une réelle égalité des droits avec les hommes. Le Women's Lib correspond à la seconde vague du féminisme du XXe siècle, qui avait débuté au Royaume-Uni par les revendications des suffragettes qui obtinrent le droit de vote en 1918. Le 26 août 1919, les femmes américaines obtiennent le droit de vote à leur tour. Aujourd'hui, le Women's Lib américain est incarné par plusieurs organisations : National Organization for Women (NOW), Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF), Planned Parenthood (PPFA)... (fr)
- ウーマン・リブ(和製英語: woman lib、英語: women's lib)とは、1960年代後半から1970年代前半にかけて、主としてヨーロッパやアメリカ、日本などの国々において起こった女性解放運動である。 女性解放(ウィメンズ・リベレーション)運動(英語: women's liberation movement)の日本における略語で、ウーマンリブと表記したり、単にリブとも言う。 フェミニズム及びジェンダーの原点ともいわれ、19世紀後半から20世紀前半にかけて起こった女性の参政権運動を第一波フェミニズム、ウーマン・リブを第二波フェミニズムと呼ぶこともある。 この運動の発端となったアメリカでは、ベトナム反戦運動や公民権運動に連動する形で、性による役割分担に不満を持った高学歴主婦や女子学生を中心に「男女は社会的には対等・平等であって、生まれつきの肌の色や性別による差別や区別の壁を取り払うべきだ」という考えのもとで開始され、1979年、国連総会において女子差別撤廃条約が採択されるなどその後の男女平等社会の推進に大きく貢献した。日本でも1970年(昭和45年)11月14日に第一回ウーマンリブ大会が東京都渋谷区で開催され、男女雇用機会均等法の制定に大きな役割を果たすなどした。 (ja)
- The women's liberation movement (WLM) was a political alignment of women and feminist intellectualism that emerged in the late 1960s and continued into the 1980s primarily in the industrialized nations of the Western world, which effected great change (political, intellectual, cultural) throughout the world. The WLM branch of radical feminism, based in contemporary philosophy, comprised women of racially- and culturally-diverse backgrounds who proposed that economic, psychological, and social freedom were necessary for women to progress from being second-class citizens in their societies. Towards achieving the equality of women, the WLM questioned the cultural and legal validity of patriarchy and the practical validity of the social and sexual hierarchies used to control and limit the legal and physical independence of women in society. Women's liberationists proposed that sexism—legalized formal and informal sex-based discrimination predicated on the existence of the social construction of gender—was the principal political problem with the power dynamics of their societies. In general, the WLM proposed socio-economic change from the political left, rejected the idea that piecemeal equality, within and according to social class, would eliminate sexual discrimination against women, and fostered the tenets of humanism, especially the respect for human rights of all people. In the decades during which the women's liberation movement flourished, liberationists successfully changed how women were perceived in their cultures, redefined the socio-economic and the political roles of women in society, and transformed mainstream society. (en)
- O movimento de libertação das mulheres (MLM) foi um alinhamento político das mulheres e do intelectualismo feminista que emergiu no final dos anos 1960 e continuou na década de 1980, principalmente nas nações industrializadas do mundo ocidental, que efetuou grandes mudanças (políticas, intelectuais, culturais) em todo o mundo. O ramo do MLM do feminismo radical, baseado na filosofia contemporânea, incluía mulheres de diversas origens raciais e culturais que propunham que a liberdade econômica, psicológica e social era necessária para que as mulheres progredissem de cidadãs de segunda classe em suas sociedades. Para alcançar a igualdade das mulheres, o MLM questionou a validade cultural e legal do patriarcado e a validade prática das hierarquias sociais e sexuais usadas para controlar e limitar a independência legal e física das mulheres na sociedade. As mulheres liberacionistas propuseram que o sexismo — discriminação formal e informal legalizada baseada no sexo, consequência da existência da construção social de gênero — era o principal problema político com a dinâmica de poder de suas sociedades. Em geral, o MLM propôs uma mudança socioeconômica da esquerda política, rejeitou a ideia de que a igualdade gradativa, dentro e de acordo com a classe social, eliminaria a discriminação sexual contra as mulheres, e promoveu os princípios do humanismo, especialmente o respeito pelos direitos humanos de todas as pessoas. Nas décadas durante as quais o movimento de libertação das mulheres floresceu, as liberacionistas mudaram com sucesso a forma como as mulheres eram vistas em suas culturas, redefiniram os papéis socioeconômicos e políticos das mulheres na sociedade e transformaram a sociedade dominante. (pt)
- Рух визволення жінок, Жіночий визвольний рух (англ. Women’s Liberation Movement) — суспільний рух за визнання прав жінок, що зародився у 60-х у США. Зародження руху стало другою хвилею фемінізму, ідеологія якого надихнула діяльність Руху. Зародившись у США, рух поширився у Північній Америці та Європі, а згодом і на решту світу в 60-ті-80-ті роки ХХ ст. Діяльність Руху характеризувалася наявністю великої кількості локальних жіночих організацій, що часто працювали у форматі «лише для жінок» (хоча й траплялися випадки залучення чоловіків до боротьби за гендерну рівність), а також наявністю феміністичних організацій національного масштабу. За період Руху в усьому світі з'явилася значна кількість феміністичних друкованих видань та книг, присвячених боротьбі жінок за гендерну рівність. Одним із центральних концептів Руху було визначення «особисте є політичним». В Україні друга хвиля фемінізму припала на 90-ті роки ХХ ст., тобто вже після розпаду Радянського Союзу. (uk)
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- ウーマン・リブ(和製英語: woman lib、英語: women's lib)とは、1960年代後半から1970年代前半にかけて、主としてヨーロッパやアメリカ、日本などの国々において起こった女性解放運動である。 女性解放(ウィメンズ・リベレーション)運動(英語: women's liberation movement)の日本における略語で、ウーマンリブと表記したり、単にリブとも言う。 フェミニズム及びジェンダーの原点ともいわれ、19世紀後半から20世紀前半にかけて起こった女性の参政権運動を第一波フェミニズム、ウーマン・リブを第二波フェミニズムと呼ぶこともある。 この運動の発端となったアメリカでは、ベトナム反戦運動や公民権運動に連動する形で、性による役割分担に不満を持った高学歴主婦や女子学生を中心に「男女は社会的には対等・平等であって、生まれつきの肌の色や性別による差別や区別の壁を取り払うべきだ」という考えのもとで開始され、1979年、国連総会において女子差別撤廃条約が採択されるなどその後の男女平等社会の推進に大きく貢献した。日本でも1970年(昭和45年)11月14日に第一回ウーマンリブ大会が東京都渋谷区で開催され、男女雇用機会均等法の制定に大きな役割を果たすなどした。 (ja)
- حركة تحرير المرأة، كانت تنسيقًا سياسيًا منطويًا على الفكرانية النسائية والنسوية. انطلقت هذه الحركة في أواخر ستينيات القرن المنصرم واستمرت حتى الثمانينيات، منتشرةً في المقام الأول ضمن نطاق الدول الصناعية في العالم الغربي ومحدثةً مجموعةً من التغييرات الكبيرة (على الصعيد السياسي والفكري والثقافي) في جميع أنحاء العالم. انبثق قسم نسوي راديكالي من صلب حركة تحرير المرأة، إذ استند إلى الفلسفة المعاصرة وضم نساءً من مختلف الخلفيات العرقية والثقافية. طرحت نساء النسوية الراديكالية المسألة المتمثلة بضرورة منح النساء الحرية الاقتصادية والنفسية والاجتماعية، وذلك بهدف إحراز تقدّم بخصوص مكانتهن بصفتهن مواطنات من الدرجة الثانية في مجتمعاتهن. (ar)
- El Women's Lib és l'abreviatura de Women's Liberation Movement, als Estats Units. Des dels anys 1960, les dones que formen part d'aquest moviment protesten contra totes les formes de sexisme i de discriminació del qual són víctimes, i reclamen una real igualtat dels drets amb els homes. (ca)
- El movimiento de liberación de las mujeres (WLM, por sus siglas en inglés) fue una alineación política de la mujer y del intelectualismo feminista que surgió a finales de la década de 1960 y se extendió hasta la década de 1980, sobre todo, en los países industrializados del mundo occidental, y que influyó una gran transformación (política, intelectual, cultural) en todo el mundo. La rama WLM del feminismo radical, basada en la filosofía contemporánea, estaba compuesta por mujeres de trasfondos racial y culturalmente diversos que plantearon que, para que las mujeres dejasen de ser ciudadanas de segunda clase en sus respectivas sociedades, era necesaria su libertad económica, psicológica y social. (es)
- Le Women's Lib est l'abréviation de Women's Liberation Movement (ou WLM, en français « Mouvement de libération des femmes »), aux États-Unis. Depuis les années 1960, les femmes qui adhèrent à ce mouvement protestent contre toutes les formes de sexisme et de discrimination dont elles sont victimes et réclament une réelle égalité des droits avec les hommes. (fr)
- The women's liberation movement (WLM) was a political alignment of women and feminist intellectualism that emerged in the late 1960s and continued into the 1980s primarily in the industrialized nations of the Western world, which effected great change (political, intellectual, cultural) throughout the world. The WLM branch of radical feminism, based in contemporary philosophy, comprised women of racially- and culturally-diverse backgrounds who proposed that economic, psychological, and social freedom were necessary for women to progress from being second-class citizens in their societies. (en)
- O movimento de libertação das mulheres (MLM) foi um alinhamento político das mulheres e do intelectualismo feminista que emergiu no final dos anos 1960 e continuou na década de 1980, principalmente nas nações industrializadas do mundo ocidental, que efetuou grandes mudanças (políticas, intelectuais, culturais) em todo o mundo. O ramo do MLM do feminismo radical, baseado na filosofia contemporânea, incluía mulheres de diversas origens raciais e culturais que propunham que a liberdade econômica, psicológica e social era necessária para que as mulheres progredissem de cidadãs de segunda classe em suas sociedades. (pt)
- Рух визволення жінок, Жіночий визвольний рух (англ. Women’s Liberation Movement) — суспільний рух за визнання прав жінок, що зародився у 60-х у США. Зародження руху стало другою хвилею фемінізму, ідеологія якого надихнула діяльність Руху. Зародившись у США, рух поширився у Північній Америці та Європі, а згодом і на решту світу в 60-ті-80-ті роки ХХ ст. Діяльність Руху характеризувалася наявністю великої кількості локальних жіночих організацій, що часто працювали у форматі «лише для жінок» (хоча й траплялися випадки залучення чоловіків до боротьби за гендерну рівність), а також наявністю феміністичних організацій національного масштабу. За період Руху в усьому світі з'явилася значна кількість феміністичних друкованих видань та книг, присвячених боротьбі жінок за гендерну рівність. Одним із (uk)
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