Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke (original) (raw)

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Differences in New Testament manuscripts

Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[3]

Scholars find that many textual variants in the narratives of the Nativity of Jesus (Luke 2, as well as Matthew 1–2) and the Finding in the Temple (Luke 2:41–52) involve deliberate alterations such as substituting the words 'his father' with 'Joseph', or 'his parents' with 'Joseph and his mother'.[4] Alexander Globe (1980) concluded 'that most of the non-Neutral readings under consideration were introduced to remove inconsistencies between the biblical narratives and abstract doctrinal statements concerning the virginity of Mary.'[4]

A guide to the sigla (symbols and abbreviations) most frequently used in the body of this article.[5][6]

• Alexandrian text-type
• Biblical inerrancy
• Byzantine text-type
• Caesarean text-type
• Categories of New Testament manuscripts
• Comparison of codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus
• List of New Testament verses not included in modern English translations
• Textual variants in the New Testament
  • Textual variants in the Gospel of Matthew
  • Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark
  • Textual variants in the Gospel of John
• Western text-type

1. ^ Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
2. ^ Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
3. ^ Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113
4. ^ a b c d e f g Head, P. M. (April 1993). "Christology and Textual Transmission: Reverential Alterations in the Synoptic Gospels". Novum Testamentum. 35 (2). Brill: 105–129. doi:10.2307/1560881. JSTOR 1560881. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
5. ^ Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 54, 62–86, 102–103. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.
6. ^ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Legenda tekstkritische notities". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 4 May 2022.
7. ^ a b c "Luke 1:28 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
8. ^ a b "Luke 1:29 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
9. ^ a b "Luke 2:14 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ehrman, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture (1993), p. 56, 118. (e-book)
11. ^ "Luke 2:27 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
12. ^ a b c "Luke 2:33 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
13. ^ "Luke 2:40 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
14. ^ "Luke 2:41 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
15. ^ "Luke 2:42 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
16. ^ a b c "Luke 2:43 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
17. ^ a b c d Ehrman 1993, p. 55, 118.
18. ^ "Luke 2:48 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
19. ^ a b c d "Luke 8:43 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
20. ^ Zwiep, Arie W. (2019). Jairus's Daughter and the Haemorrhaging Woman: Tradition and Interpretation of an Early Christian Miracle Story. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. p. 303. ISBN 9783161575600. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
21. ^ a b c "Luke 8:45 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
22. ^ a b "Luke 8:48 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
23. ^ a b "Luke 8:49 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
24. ^ a b "Luke 8:51 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
25. ^ a b "Luke 8:54 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
26. ^ "Luke 9:54 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
27. ^ a b "Luke 13:31 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
28. ^ a b c "Luke 15:16 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
29. ^ a b "Luke 15:21 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
30. ^ a b c J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 15:23". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
31. ^ a b "Luke 15:23 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
32. ^ a b "Luke 16:21 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
33. ^ a b c d e f g J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 17:3". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
34. ^ a b "Luke 17:3 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
35. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 17:4". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
36. ^ a b "Luke 17:4 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
37. ^ a b "Luke 17:9 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
38. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 17:11". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
39. ^ a b c d "Luke 17:24 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
40. ^ a b c d e J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 17:24". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
41. ^ a b J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 18:20". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
42. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 18:24". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
43. ^ a b J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 18:35". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
44. ^ a b J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 19:5". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
45. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 20:1". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
46. ^ a b c d J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 20:9". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
47. ^ "Luke 22:34 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
48. ^ a b "Luke 23:6 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
49. ^ a b "Luke 23:8 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
50. ^ a b "Luke 23:17 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
51. ^ a b c "Luke 23:19 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
52. ^ a b "Luke 23:21 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
53. ^ a b "Luke 23:22 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
54. ^ a b "Luke 23:23 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
55. ^ a b c "Luke 23:25 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
56. ^ a b "Luke 23:35 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
57. ^ a b "Luke 23:38 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
58. ^ a b "Luke 23:39 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
59. ^ a b c "Luke 23:42 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
60. ^ a b "Luke 23:45 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
61. ^ a b c d e f J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 24:1". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
62. ^ a b c d "Luke 24:1 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
63. ^ a b c J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Lukas 24:13". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2022.
64. ^ a b "Luke 24:17 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
65. ^ a b c d "Luke 24:36 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
66. ^ a b c "Luke 24:40 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
67. ^ a b "Luke 24:42 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
68. ^ a b "Luke 24:46 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
69. ^ a b "Luke 24:49 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
70. ^ a b "Luke 24:50 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
71. ^ a b c "Luke 24:53 Text Analysis". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.

• Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine, ed. E. Nestle, K. Aland, Stuttgart 1981.
• Bruce M. Metzger & Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration", OUP New York, Oxford, 4 edition, 2005
• Bart D. Ehrman, "The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament", Oxford University Press, New York - Oxford, 1996, pp. 223–227.
• Bruce M. Metzger, "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament", 1994, United Bible Societies, London & New York.
• The Comparative Critical Greek New Testament Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Variantes textuais (in Portuguese)
• Varianten Textus receptus versus Nestle-Aland
• The Gospel of Luke part of the Holy Bible