Cynoidea (original) (raw)

After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Wang, Tedford & Taylor, 1999, and Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009

**<==**o Canoidea Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [non Gray, 1821] (koiraeläimet) |?-+-- †Prohesperocyon wilsoni (Gustafson, 1986) Wang, 1994 | --o †“_Miacis_” [_Mimocyon_, _Xinyuictis_] [paraphyletic Miacoidea: Miacidae] | |-- †_M. australis_ | |-- †_M. cognitus_ | |-- †_M. deutschi_ | |-- †_M. exiguus_ | |-- †_M. hargeri_ (Wortman, 1901) | |-- †_M. hookwayi_ | |-- †_M. latidens_ | |-- †_M. medius_ | |-- †_M. parvivorus_ Cope, 1872c | |-- †_M. petilus_ | |-- †_M. sylvestris_ (Marsh, 1872) | |-- †_M. uintensis_ | |-- †_M. washakius_ | -- †M. winkleri --+?- †_Neocynodesmus delicatus_ (Loomis, 1932a) MacDonald 1963 |?- †_Pachycynodon_ |?- †_Proturocyon_ --o Canidae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [non Gray, 1821] sensu lato |-- †Hesperocyoninae ("alkukoirat"; ur-dogs) [paraphyletic??] --+**==**o †_Procynodictis_ Wortman & Matthew 1899 [_Plesiomiacis_ Simpson, 1945] | |-- †_Procynodictis progressus_ (Stock, 1935) [_Viverravus progressus_ Stock, 1935; _Plesiomiacis progressus_ (Stock) Simpson, 1945] | --+-- †Procynodictis vulpiceps Wortman & Matthew 1899 [Miacis gracilis Clark, 1939] | -- †[Borophaginae](borophaginae.html) Wang, Tedford & Taylor, 1999 --o Canidae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [non Gray, 1821] sensu stricto [Canidae: Caninae sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Wang, Tedford & Taylor, 1999] (varsinaiset i.e. nykykoirat; modern dogs) **==**o †_Leptocyon_ Matthew, 1918 [_Vulpes_ Trouessart, 1897, Stirton & McGrew, 1935, Gregory, 1942, Macdonald, 1948; _Neocynodesmus_ Macdonald, 1963] [**paraphyletic**] |-- †_Leptocyon_ sp. A --+--+-- †Leptocyon vulpinus (Merriam, 1907) | --+-- †_Leptocyon mollis_ (Merriam, 1906) | -- †Leptocyon douglassi Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+-- †_Leptocyon delicatus_ Loomis, 1932 [_Neocynodesmus delicatus_ (Loomis, 1932) Macdonald, 1963] --+-- †Leptocyon gregorii (Matthew, 1907) --+-- †_Leptocyon_ sp. B --+-- †Leptocyon leidyi Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+--+-- †_Leptocyon vafer_ (Leidy, 1858) [_non_ 1869] Matthew, 1918 [_Canis vafer_ Leidy, 1858] [**type**] | -- †Leptocyon tejonensis Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+-- †_Leptocyon matthewi_ Tedford, Wang & Taylor, 2009 --+-- Vulpini Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832 (foxes; ketut) `-- Canini Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [non Gray, 1821] (true dog; aitokoirat)

Reference(s):

• Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
  –iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
• Harrison, J. A., 1983: The Carnivora of the Edson Local Fauna (Late Hemphilillian), Kansas.
  –Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 54, pp. iv-42
• McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
  –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
• Skeels Stevens, M., 1991: Osteology, systematics, and relationships of Earliest Miocene Mesocyon venator (Carnivora,: Canidae).
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, #1, pp. 45-66
• Tedford, R. H., Wang, X. & Taylor, B. E., 2009: Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae).
  –Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #325, pp. 1-218
• Wang, X., Tedford, R. H. & Taylor, B. E., 1999: Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae).
  –Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: Vol. #243, pp. 1-391 [http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1588]