Jacqueline Balen | Archaeological museum Zagreb (original) (raw)

Books by Jacqueline Balen

Pretpovijesno naselje Viškovci-Gradina , 2023

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Strategy, 2021

Virtual archaeological landscapes of the Danube region (Danube´s Archaeological eLandscapes) is a... more Virtual archaeological landscapes of the Danube region (Danube´s Archaeological eLandscapes) is a project co-financed by the Interreg Danube Transnational programme. The project´s major goal is to regionally, nationally and internationally increase the visibility of the cultural heritage, and in particular the archaeological landscapes of the Danube region, making them more attractive for an integration into the region’s tourism offers. In order to achieve this goal, new technologies are employed throughout the project.
Within the framework of the project, a strategy has been adopted by the partners from 10 countries of the Danube region. The strategy approaches the topic of archaeological heritage from an archaeological, social and a technological standpoint. By using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analyses conducted by the
working groups, major challenges in the sector were defined, leading to two main strategy units. The first unit focuses on working processes from the archaeological discovery to a virtual visualisation, and the second on the potential of archaeological heritage in the digital world. To support the
further adaptation and development of new technologies for the archaeological sector, the strategy concludes with 12 recommendations for heritage stakeholders. Priority lists are adopted for the implementation of the recommendations at national level for each participating country.

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by Tomislav Hršak, Rajna Sosic Klindzic, Lea Čataj, Jacqueline Balen, Alenka Tomaž, Penny Bickle, Boban Tripkovic, Sinisa Radovic, Kelly Reed, Dusan Boric, Marcel Buric, and Maja Pasarić

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Papers by Jacqueline Balen

Tracing Pottery-Making Recipes in the Prehistoric Balkans 6th–4th Millennia BC, 2019

This chapter presents the results of the GC-MS analysis of absorbed residues from 30 ceramic sher... more This chapter presents the results of the GC-MS analysis of absorbed residues from 30 ceramic sherds obtained from five early Neolithic (c. 6000-5100 BC) and Late Eneolithic (c. 3300-2500 BC) sites in eastern Croatia (Slavonia region): Tomašanci-Palača (Starčevo and Baden cultures), Franjevac (Kostolac culture), Vučedol (Baden and Kostolac cultures), Ervenica and Damića gradina (Vučedol culture). The study aims to explore the relationship between shape and function of vessels from the studied sites. Interpretation of the results presented in the chapter has been carried out by comparing the results of the GC-MS analysis with information regarding vessel morphologies and contexts of deposition. Additionally, the results of use-alteration and faunal remains analyses, when available, have been taken into consideration in order to achieve a more holistic approach to the study of vessel function

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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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During archaeological rescue excavations carried out in 2007 at Potočani in continental Croatia, ... more During archaeological rescue excavations carried out in 2007 at Potočani in continental Croatia, a pit containing numerous human skeletal remains (MNI = 41) was discovered. The remains were mostly articulated but also commingled and showed no clear pattern of organization. There were no associated artifacts, just a few pottery fragments probably belonging to the Copper Age Lasinja Culture (c. 4300 to 3950 BCE). Anthropological analyses suggest the presence of individuals of all ages and both sexes with many crania exhibiting various perimortem injuries. Three human bone samples from different layers were dated to around 4100 cal BCE by radiocarbon analysis. These radiocarbon dates combined with other aspects of archaeological context, indicate that the deposition was a single episode rather than a long-term accumulation. All this suggests a single violent encounter (massacre). Here we present results of the bioarchaeological analysis of four adult crania with clear signs of perimort...

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Back to the past: copper age in northern Croatia (Povratak u prošlost: bakreno doba u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj), 2018

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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021

Vučedol is a site of major importance in the Carpathian Basin that provides valuable insight into... more Vučedol is a site of major importance in the Carpathian Basin that provides valuable insight into daily life from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. During the first archaeological excavations at the Vučedol–Streim Vineyard site in 1897, a total of 15 graves were excavated. Today eight skulls from this field campaign are curated at the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. Combining modern methods with the study of archival materials, we present new results from archaeological, osteological, radiocarbon, and isotopic analyses of these individuals that demonstrate the dynamic cultural connections that existed during the Early Bronze Age in this region.

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Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu, 2021

Tema članka jedinstven je nalaz kopče pronađene na brojčano malom groblju germanske pripadnosti u... more Tema članka jedinstven je nalaz kopče pronađene na brojčano malom groblju germanske pripadnosti u Novom Čemincu u hrvatskoj Baranji. Željezna, almandinima bogato ukrašena pojasna kopča pronađena je in situ iznad zdjelice pokojnika i djelomično ispod mača, a bila je dio vojnog pojasa na kojem je bila pričvršćena spatha. Kopča iz Novog Čeminca nema neposredne paralele, a prema tipološkim i stilskim karakteristikama pripada krugu mediteranskih kopči druge pol. 5. i poč. 6. stoljeća. Analiza očuvane tkanine na stražnjoj strani kopče pokazala je da je riječ o dijelu odjeće pokojnika, a moguće je da je riječ o dijelu gornjeg, šireg odjevnog predmeta, skupljenog i opasanog pojasom. Tkanina je fine, vjerojatno lokalne proizvodnje te relativno tipičnih tehničkih karakteristika za srednju Europu ovog razdoblja. / The topic of the article is the unique finding of a buckle, discovered at a small Germanic graveyard in Novi Čeminac in Baranja, Croatia. An abundantly decorated iron belt buckle was discovered in situ above the pelvis of the deceased and partially under the sword, and was a part of a soldier's belt which held a spatha. The buckle from Novi Čeminac does not have related examples on other sites, and according to typological and stylistical characteristics, it belongs to the circle of Mediterranean buckles of the second half of the 5th, and the beginning of the 6th century. Analysis of the fabric discovered on the back of the belt buckle showed that it was a part of the deceased’ clothes, and it is possible that it was the upper garment, a wider piece of attire, gathered and girded with a belt. The cloth is of fine, probably local manufacture, and shows relatively typical technical characteristics for the middle Europe of that period.

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Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju, Vol. 15, Homo Universalis: zbornik radova posvećen Zorku Markoviću povodom 65. obljetnice života, 2020

U radu se obrađuju bakreni nalazi pronađeni u naselju lasinjske kulture Pajtenica – Velike livade... more U radu se obrađuju bakreni nalazi pronađeni u naselju lasinjske kulture Pajtenica – Velike livade. Naselje je istraživano tijekom
zaštitnih arheoloških istraživanja na trasi autoceste A5 Beli Manastir – Osijek – Svilaj. Malobrojni bakreni nalazi pronađeni prilikom
zaštitnih arheoloških istraživanja polako mijenjaju sliku o metalnoj produkciji lasinjske kulture, te otvaraju pitanja atribucije i drugih
metalnih predmeta tog razdoblja.

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Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2022

This paper presents the results from archaeobotanical remains collected from ten medieval settlem... more This paper presents the results from archaeobotanical remains collected from ten medieval settlements and fort sites in the region of present-day Slavonia, Croatia. From the 12th century ad, Slavonia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, although the region benefited from a certain amount of autonomy. Examining the archaeobotanical data from this period shows a diverse agricultural system, where crop fields, gardens, orchards, pastures and woodlands were all used to produce a range of cereals, fruits, nuts, vegetables and herbs, as well as fibre plants. The dataset is dominated by cereal remains, especially Triticum aestivum/durum (free-threshing wheat), Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) and Secale cereale (rye). Vitis vinifera (grape pips) were the most common fruit recovered, which corresponds with the presence of vineyards and international trade in wine noted in the literature by the late Middle Ages. Also of significance was the recovery of Cannabis sativa (hemp) and Linum usitatissimum (flax), which suggest local cultivation, possibly for linen and hemp fibres, for oil or for medicinal purposes.

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PLOS ONE, 2021

Paleogenomic and bioanthropological studies of ancient massacres have highlighted sites where the... more Paleogenomic and bioanthropological studies of ancient massacres have highlighted sites where the victims were male and plausibly died all in battle, or were executed members of the same family as might be expected from a killing intentionally directed at subsets of a community, or where the massacred individuals were plausibly members of a migrant community in conflict with previously established groups, or where there was evidence that the killing was part of a religious ritual. Here we provide evidence of killing on a massive scale in prehistory that was not directed to a specific family, based on genome-wide ancient DNA for 38 of the 41 documented victims of a 6,200 year old massacre in Potočani, Croatia and combining our results with bioanthropological data. We highlight three results: (i) the majority of individuals were unrelated and instead were a sample of what was clearly a large farming population, (ii) the ancestry of the individuals was homogenous which makes it unlikely that the massacre was linked to the arrival of new genetic ancestry, and (iii) there were approximately equal numbers of males and females. Combined with the bioanthropological evidence that the victims were of a wide range of ages, these results show that large-scale indiscriminate killing is a horror that is not just a feature of the modern and historic periods, but was also a significant process in pre-state societies.

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Rad donosi 14C datume i rezultate analize nalaza s lokaliteta Jurjevac-Stara Vodenica. Na osnovu ... more Rad donosi 14C datume i rezultate analize nalaza s lokaliteta Jurjevac-Stara Vodenica. Na osnovu pokretnoga arheološkog materijala, kao i apsolutnih datuma, možemo zaključiti da su na lokalitetu istraženi dijelovi eneolitičkog naselja koji pripadaju lasinjskoj kulturi.
Ključne riječi: Jurjevac-Stara Vodenica, Đakovština, eneolitik, lasinjska kultura, keramografija, kamene izrađevine, arheobotanika

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Ivandvor – petlja i šuma Gaj, starčevačka i sopotska kultura Samatovci, sopotska kultura Tomašanc... more Ivandvor – petlja i šuma Gaj, starčevačka i sopotska kultura
Samatovci, sopotska kultura
Tomašanci-Palača, starčevačka kultura
Virovitica-Brekinja

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Položaj Novi Čeminac-Jauhov salaš bogato je arheološko nalazište koje je istraživano tijekom 2014... more Položaj Novi Čeminac-Jauhov salaš bogato je arheološko nalazište koje
je istraživano tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine od strane Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu. Na lokalitetu je pronađeno mnogo nalaza koji se mogu datirati u razdoblja pretpovijesti, antike i srednjeg vijeka. Od pretpovijesnih razdoblja zastupljeni su eneolitik i više faza brončanog doba. Treba izdvojiti nalaze panonske inkrustrirane keramike te brončanodobni grob. Na nalazištu su pronađeni i antički nalazi, okvirno datirani u 1.st. pr. Kr. te u 2. i 3. st. po. Kr.. Najznačajniji nalazi svakako su oni pripisani razdoblju srednjeg vijeka, osobito vremenu seobe naroda.

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Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, sv. 31, 2018

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Pretpovijesno naselje Viškovci-Gradina , 2023

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Strategy, 2021

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by Tomislav Hršak, Rajna Sosic Klindzic, Lea Čataj, Jacqueline Balen, Alenka Tomaž, Penny Bickle, Boban Tripkovic, Sinisa Radovic, Kelly Reed, Dusan Boric, Marcel Buric, and Maja Pasarić

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Tracing Pottery-Making Recipes in the Prehistoric Balkans 6th–4th Millennia BC, 2019

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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

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Back to the past: copper age in northern Croatia (Povratak u prošlost: bakreno doba u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj), 2018

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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021

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Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu, 2021

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Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju, Vol. 15, Homo Universalis: zbornik radova posvećen Zorku Markoviću povodom 65. obljetnice života, 2020

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Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2022

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PLOS ONE, 2021

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Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, sv. 31, 2018

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The Bronze-Iron Age transition in Lika, Croatia is characterized by a seemingly rapid and signifi... more The Bronze-Iron Age transition in Lika, Croatia is characterized by a seemingly rapid and significant transformation in sociopolitical organization. New hillfort centers were presumably supported by the intensification and specialization of economic activities to a larger degree than in previous periods, though Lika's challenging environment and topography likely made large-scale agriculture and livestock keeping difficult. We present new stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values for domesticated and wild fauna from hillforts and caves dating from the Middle Bronze to Early Iron Ages to examine changing sociopolitical and economic organization during this time. Our results suggest animal husbandry was carried out across multiple spatial and organizational scales to take advantage of finite resources, from the centralized movement of cattle and ovicaprid herds across greater swaths of the landscape to the continued management of pigs by individual households.

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Recikliraj, ideje iz prošlosti, 2017

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This paper discusses pictographs found in an abri near Selce. There are no significant similariti... more This paper discusses pictographs found in an abri near Selce. There are no significant similarities between the Povilac pictographs and those at other sites. They are most likely a recent work, created at most a few decades ago. Although the pictographs have been entirely destroyed by weathering effects, photographs made of them, a selection of which are presented here, are a faithful witness to, and documentation of, this site.

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Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu, 3.s., 42, 2009: 23–72.

Rad donosi rezultate istraživanja lokaliteta Ivandvor – šuma Gaj kod Đakova. Na nalazištu je otkr... more Rad donosi rezultate istraživanja lokaliteta Ivandvor – šuma Gaj kod Đakova. Na nalazištu je otkriveno naselje pripadnika sopotske kulture koje možemo datirati u razdoblje od 5010. do 4500. g. pr.Kr. Osim sopotskog naselja na nalazištu je evidentirano i srednjovjekovno naselje datirano od 8. do 14. st. te su ustanovljeni i sporadični nalazi iz razdoblja antike datirani nalazima novca u 2.– 4. st.

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Obavijesti Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, 2021

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Obavijesti Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, 2020

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World anthropologies and privatization of knowledge: engaging anthropology in public / Hotel Dubrovnik Palace / Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2016

Archaeological research includes the influx of experts into a community, inevitably leading to ne... more Archaeological research includes the influx of experts into a community, inevitably leading to new relations. In 2014 and 2015, a similar situation occurred in Baranja, where archaeologists worked on the A5 motorway, discovering new and reviving old data on the region’s cultural heritage. The aim is to present an example of how archaeologists employed by the Archaeological museum in Zagreb helped reanimate culture with the help of local stakeholders. We will focus on the many months of work conducted by about 40 locals and about 20 archaeologists, and the impact the latter made on the local community by raising awareness on the area’s rich cultural heritage, along with financial benefits experienced by everyone included in this complex process. Seeing as this is not one-sided, we will show how the archaeologists blended into the local community by supporting the local cultural scene, and by participating in public events such as bean cooking contests. The newly-created bonds resulted in a project conducted by both archaeologists and local stakeholders - the first archaeological exhibition ever held in Beli Manastir, a concise cross-section of the knowledge procured in the excavations held at Jauhov salaš in Novi Čeminac. Finally, if experts take time to raise awareness about cultural heritage in the local community, cultural tourism can be reanimated, or even created, to the mutual benefit of experts in the field and local stakeholders, thereby creating conditions for promoting and presenting research to the public, as well as for presenting the local heritage to archaeologists.

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Arheološka istraživanja u Sisačko-moslavačkoj Županiji, 2020

Gradina Marić – rezultati arheoloških istraživanja provedenih tijekom 2017. – 2019. godine U radu... more Gradina Marić – rezultati arheoloških istraživanja provedenih tijekom 2017. – 2019. godine
U radu će biti prezentirani rezultati zaštitnih istraživanja na Marić gradini koje je Arheološki
muzej u Zagrebu proveo tijekom ljeta 2017. godine, ali i rezultati snimanja ALS/LiDAR
metodom na području Mikeluške. Snimanje je provedeno u prosincu 2018. godine kada je
napravljen detaljan 3D model terena koji se nalazi ispod šume. Analizom dobivenih rezultata
dobiven je detaljan uvid u lokalitet Marić gradina koji je i bio primarni cilj snimanja.
Na snimkama se vide pojedine strukture vezane uz samo pretpovijesno naselje, kao što su
ostaci južnog dijela bedema, mogući ulaz na gradinsko naselje i terase u podnožju gradine.
Osim ovih na prvi pogled jasnih struktura tu su i mogući pretpovijesni putevi te potencijalni
ostaci nekropole zapadno od samog naselja. Navedeni tragovi vidljivi na podacima
predstavljali su tek prvi korak u interpretaciji ovih podataka, dok je za finalnu interpretaciju
ovog pretpovijesnog krajolika potrebno bilo provesti detaljan pregled terena i provjeru
pojedinih vidljivih struktura što je napravljeno tijekom 2019. godine.

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During the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods pigs frequently occur in different types of archaeolo... more During the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods pigs frequently occur in different types of archaeological deposits across Central Europe. In the context of the Eneolithic period in Croatia pigs were unearthed in pits, usually complete or almost complete, buried alone or together with humans. Especially interesting is the burial of a man accompanied by two pigs from the site of Đakovo-Franjevac in Eastern Croatia, attributed to the Kostolac culture (Balen, 2011.) This paper will address possible interpretations of such finds by looking at their contextual settings, cultural affiliations, bioarchaeological data, as well as archaeological and ethnographical analogies. Investigation of ethnographical, folkloristic and historical sources often demonstrates how humans have negotiated similar relations with particular animal species in different cultural contexts. They frequently reveal significant symbolic roles pigs have played in human societies, as evident from various customary practices and narratives, but also diverse and ambivalent attitudes people expressed towards them. Such data can be useful for prompting various questions about the burials discussed; can they be related to certain ritual practices and what roles could pigs have possibly played.

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Povratak u prošlost - Bakreno doba u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Back to the past - Copper Age In Northern Croatia, 2019

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Recikliraj, ideje iz prošlosti.

Znanstvena monografija Recikliraj, ideje iz prošlosti posvećena je temi recikliranja i ponovne up... more Znanstvena monografija Recikliraj, ideje iz prošlosti posvećena je temi recikliranja i ponovne upotrebe u prošlosti, a nastala je u sklopu istoimene izložbe. Monografija sadrži 16 tekstova u okviru kojih se razmatraju ponovna upotreba predmeta i recikliranje različitih vrsta materijala poput kamena, keramike, kosti, metala, stakla i tekstila kroz sva vremenska razdoblja. Tekstovi monografije, koji prate koncept izložbe, pokazuju da su reciklirani predmeti imali vrlo aktivnu ulogu u društvu, da nisu izolirani slučajevi ponovne upotrebe određenog materijala te da je ideološka pozadina, ponovne upotrebe i recikliranja, imala mnogo složenije značenje za društvo. Prateći osnovnu misao izložbe tekstovi u monografiji usmjereni su na podizanje svijesti o dugovječnom i neprekinutom ciklusu ponovne upotrebe predmeta kako bi se čitatelja potaklo na razmišljanje o konceptu recikliranja u odnosu na suvremeni način života.

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The exhibition Recycle, ideas from the past is the result of the cooperation between the Institut... more The exhibition Recycle, ideas from the past is the result of the cooperation between the Institute of Archaeology, the Department of Archaeology of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb, and the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb.
The exhibition strives to display the modes in which our ancestors recycled materials and reused objects, and how that concept affected past cultures. Seeing as recycling is a highly complex, but also a universal phenomenon, whether seen from today’s point of view or within the scope of past cultures and communities, the exhibition strives to bridge these temporal gaps through thematic and artistic units. The rich archaeological heritage provided a selection of finds made of different materials (stone, bone, pottery, glass and metal), that are portrayed through several thematic units: the transformation of space, the materials and symbolic recycling. The displayed examples of recycling, the reuse and the repairing of objects, are the indicators of cultures that did not discard objects, but leaned towards a culture of reuse, providing the visitors with a valuable lesson from the past.
By finding the (dis)harmony between past and present ideologies and experiences of the material, the landscape and the social and economic situations, the exhibition authors also turn to contemporary ideologies and the modified construction of human consciousness about the material, as well as the landscape. The exhibition highlights the practical nature of recycling recorded in archaeological artifacts, but does not neglect the numerous examples of the symbolic reuse, i.e. “recycling”, of objects and landscapes in the past.
The aim of the exhibition is to show that recycled materials and objects had a very active role in society, that they are not isolated cases of specific material reuse, and that the ideological background for reusing and recycling had a far more complex meaning for society. The exhibition also strives to show the longevity and the uninterrupted cycle of object reuse, as well as to encourage the visitors to think about the concept of recycling in relation to the modern way of life. The exhibition is accompanied by a scientific monograph dedicated to the topic of recycling and reuse in the past.

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Izložbom su prikazani svi aspekti života eneolitičkog čovjeka kroz razdoblje od približno 2000 go... more Izložbom su prikazani svi aspekti života eneolitičkog čovjeka kroz razdoblje od približno 2000 godina, kroz izrade predmeta za svakodnevnu upotrebu, ukrašavanja tih istih predmeta, načina organizacije naselja, prehrane, religije i kulta, iskorištavanja sirovina te zagrobnoga života i prikazom najreprezentativnijih predmeta kultura koje su obitavale na prostoru sjeverne Hrvatske.

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Izdanja hrvatskog arheološkog društva Vol 32 Bjelovar , 2023

U suradnji Hrvatskog arheološkog društva i Gradskog muzeja Bjelovar, u Bjelovaru je od 3. do 7. ... more U suradnji Hrvatskog arheološkog društva i Gradskog
muzeja Bjelovar, u Bjelovaru je od 3. do 7. listopada
2016. god. po drugi put održan godišnji znanstveni
skup Hrvatskog arheološkog društva. Bila je to prilika
da se nakon točno dvadeset godina ponovno sagledaju
stari nalazi i spoznaje, te da se nadopune i interpretiraju u kontekstu novih arheoloških istraživanja, nalaza i
spoznaja. Sada već tradicionalnim pristupom Hrvatsko
arheološko društvo time se u određenim vremenskim
ciklusima vraća u pojedine dijelove Hrvatske te stručnoj i široj javnosti predstavlja nove rezultate arheoloških
iskopavanja i istraživanja. Tako je u Bjelovaru pod naslovom „Arheološka istraživanja Bjelovarsko-bilogorske
županije i okolnih krajeva” održano 31 predavanje, a u
sklopu skupa organizirane su i sekcije „Posteri” te „Predstavljanje projekata” u okviru kojih je predstavljeno po
tri postera i projekata. U prostorijama Gradskog muzeja Bjelovar uz to je povodom skupa ponovno otvorena
izložba na kojoj je prezentirano arheološko bogatstvo
Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije, obogaćeno rezultatima arheoloških iskopavanja u posljednjih 20 godina.
Izložba je izvanredno nadopunjavala znanstveni skup, a
ujedno se izvanredno nadovezivala na izložbu iz 1996.
godine, na kojoj su prezentirani rezultati arheoloških
istraživanja na području sjeverozapadne Hrvatske u posljednjih deset godina. Sudionici skupa imali su i priliku
u jednodnevnom izletu obići arheološka nalazišta i kulturno-povijesne znamenitosti.

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by Jacqueline Balen, Katarina Botić, Lea Čataj, Ana Đukić, Eszter Fejér, András Füzesi, Gergely Gortva, Ferenc Horváth, Tomislav Hršak, János Jakucs, Hrvoje Kalafatić, Viktória Kiss, Marijana Krmpotic, Péter Mali, Tibor Marton, Jovan D . Mitrović, Krisztián Oross, Danimirka Podunavac, Dragana Rajković, Bartul Šiljeg, Kata Furholt (Szilágyi), and Selena Vitezović

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Tomašanci-Palača - naselja iz kamenog, bakrenog i brončanog doba/Tomašanci-Palača - settlements of the Late Stone, Copper and Bronze Age, 2020

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Food has played a central role in death rituals throughout human history, yet finding evidence of... more Food has played a central role in death rituals throughout human history, yet finding evidence of these practices in the archaeological record can be problematic. In particular, linking charred plant remains to inhumation burials requires careful consideration of the taphonomic processes involved. Here we focus on the recovery of charred plant macro-remains from four Late Antique and medieval cemeteries and one late medieval church in Croatia. The results showed low densities of both charcoal and other charred plant macro-remains, suggesting that the remains are general settlement debris that was accidentally deposited within the cemeteries and church context. At Bribirska Glavica, the sampling of stratigraphic layers at the multi-level cemetery allowed a greater understanding of taphonomic processes and corroborated the identification of a rubbish dump linked to an adjacent Roman villa. The results provide important insights for future sampling strategies, including the importance of taking control samples outside the graves and radiocarbon dating to determine whether botanical remains are related to the burials.

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Knjiga sažetaka, 2022

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New AMS 14C dates have been tracking the arrival and spread of millet across prehistoric Europe. ... more New AMS 14C dates have been tracking the arrival and spread of millet across prehistoric Europe. They suggest that millet arrived in the Bronze Age at a time when significant socio-economic changes were underway. This paper presents new radiocarbon dates from the region of central and eastern Croatia where grains of both broomcorn (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) were sampled from four prehistoric sites. The carbon dating revealed a date of between the 16th to 12th century cal BC for two of the sites corresponding with stable isotope analyses in the region that indicate millet consumption occurred from the mid/late Bronze Age. Overall, the data from Croatia is still relatively sparse, so more information is needed to understand how, when and why millet became incorporated within the local agricultural food system.

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