International network of cancer genome projects (original) (raw)

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Acknowledgements

We thank research participants who are generously donating samples and data, as well as physicians and clinical staff contributing to sample annotation and collection. A complete list of organizations that support ICGC projects is in Supplementary Table 1.

Author Contributions See list of consortium authors below.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,
    Thomas J. Hudson (Chairperson), Jennifer L. Jennings, Thomas J. Hudson, Arek Kasprzyk, John D. McPherson, Paul C. Boutros, Lakshmi Muthuswamy, B. F. Francis Ouellette, Lincoln D. Stein, Lincoln D. Stein (Leader), Arek Kasprzyk, B. F. Francis Ouellette, Thomas J. Hudson, John D. McPherson, Arek Kasprzyk (Leader), Lincoln D. Stein (Leader), Junjun Zhang, Jianxin Wang, Christina K. Yung, Anthony Cross, Yong Liang, Saravanamuttu Gnaneshan, Jonathan Guberman, Jack Hsu, John D. McPherson (Leader), Lakshmi Muthuswamy, Kamran Shazand, Timothy Beck, Michelle Sam, Lee Timms, Vanessa Ballin, Thomas J. Hudson (Chairperson) & Lincoln D. Stein
  2. Departments of Medical Biophysics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,
    Thomas J. Hudson (Chairperson), Thomas J. Hudson, Thomas J. Hudson & Thomas J. Hudson (Chairperson)
  3. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,
    Warwick Anderson & Warwick Anderson
  4. Project Management Agency, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53175 Bonn, Germany.,
    Axel Aretz
  5. National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,
    Anna D. Barker, Daniela S. Gerhard, Joseph G. Vockley, Kenna M. Shaw, Daniela S. Gerhard, Daniela S. Gerhard, Kenna M. Shaw, Anna D. Barker, Carolyn C. Compton, Daniela S. Gerhard, Kenna M. Shaw, Joseph G. Vockley, Anna D. Barker, Carolyn C. Compton & Daniela S. Gerhard
  6. Genome Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1P1, Canada.,
    Cindy Bell, Karl W. Hasel & Cindy Bell
  7. Secretariat of State for Research, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28027 Madrid, Spain.,
    Rosa R. Bernabé & Peter Klatt
  8. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, Delhi 110003, India.,
    M. K. Bhan, T.S. Rao, T. S. Rao & M. K. Bhan
  9. Institut National du Cancer, 92513 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,
    Fabien Calvo, Christian Chabannon, Fabien Calvo (Leader), Pascal Boucher, Christian Chabannon, Iris Pauporté & Fabien Calvo (Leader)
  10. Genomics and Systems Biology Unit, Health Research Directorate, European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium.,
    Iiro Eerola, Patrik Kolar & Jacques Remacle
  11. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,
    Alan Guttmacher & Alan Guttmacher
  12. National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,
    Mark Guyer, Brad Ozenberger, Jane Peterson, Mark Guyer, Brad Ozenberger, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Mark Guyer, Brad Ozenberger, Jane Peterson, Mark Guyer, Brad Ozenberger & Jane Peterson
  13. Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3PX, UK.,
    Fiona M. Hemsley & David P. Lane
  14. Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,
    David Kerr
  15. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK.,
    David Kerr
  16. National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,
    Jun Kusuda, Tohru Masui & Jun Kusuda
  17. Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, 11055 Berlin, Germany.,
    Frank Laplace
  18. Beijing Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, 100142 Beijing, China.,
    Youyong Lu, Youyong Lu (Leader), Jiafu Ji, Feng Chen, Lianhai Zhang, Xiaofang Xing, Xianghong Li & Youyong Lu
  19. German Cancer Aid, 53113 Bonn, Germany.,
    Gerd Nettekoven
  20. Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, UK.,
    Alan J. Schafer & Alan J. Schafer
  21. National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,
    Tatsuhiro Shibata, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yasushi Totoki, Teruhiko Yoshida, Teruhiko Yoshida, Tatsuhiro Shibata (Leader) & Teruhiko Yoshida
  22. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.,
    Michael R. Stratton, Stephanie O. M. Dyke, Karen L. Kennedy, P. Andrew Futreal (Leader), Peter J. Campbell, Zemin Ning, Michael R. Stratton, Harold Swerdlow, Peter J. Campbell, Tim J. Hubbard, Jon W. Teague, Tim J. Hubbard, Jon W. Teague, Karen L. Kennedy (Leader), Stephanie O. M. Dyke, P. Andrew Futreal, Karen L. Kennedy, Michael R. Stratton (Leader), P. Andrew Futreal, Sancha Martin, Michael R. Stratton (Leader), P. Andrew Futreal, Peter J. Campbell, Sancha Martin, Michael R. Stratton, P. Andrew Futreal, Tim J. Hubbard & Karen L. Kennedy
  23. Yokohama Institute, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,
    Koichi Watanabe
  24. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, China.,
    Huanming Yang, Guangwu Guo, Tao Jiang, Qibin Li, Ruibang Luo, Honglong Wu, Shancen Zhao, Guangyu Zhou, Xiuqing Zhang, Xueda Hu, Guangyu Zhou, Qi Yang, Geng Tian, Huanming Yang & Huanming Yang
  25. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,
    Matthew M. F. Yuen
  26. Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada.,
    Bartha M. Knoppers (Leader), Yann Joly, Susan Wallace, Yann Joly, Yann Joly, Bartha M. Knoppers & Bartha M. Knoppers
  27. Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,
    Martin Bobrow, Martin Bobrow (Leader) & Martin Bobrow
  28. U558, INSERM, 31073 Toulouse, France.,
    Anne Cambon-Thomsen, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag & Anne Cambon-Thomsen
  29. Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,
    Lynn G. Dressler
  30. Institute for Research in Humanities, Graduate School of Biostudies, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,
    Kazuto Kato & Kazuto Kato
  31. Inter-University Chair in Law and the Human Genome, University of Deusto, Bilbao, 48007 Bizkaia, Spain.,
    Pilar Nicolás, Carlos M. Romeo-Casabona & Pilar Nicolás
  32. The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.,
    Michael J. Parker
  33. Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,
    Georgia L. Wiesner
  34. Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,
    Georgia L. Wiesner
  35. St John of God Pathology, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.,
    Nikolajs Zeps
  36. Schools of Surgery and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,
    Nikolajs Zeps
  37. German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Peter Lichter (Leader), Peter Lichter (Leader), Roland Eils (Leader), Benedikt Brors, Stefan Pfister, Bernhard Radlwimmer & Peter Lichter
  38. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,
    Andrew V. Biankin, Amber L. Johns, Andrew V. Biankin, James G. Kench, Robert L. Sutherland & Andrew V. Biankin
  39. Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia.,
    Andrew V. Biankin, Andrew V. Biankin & Andrew V. Biankin
  40. Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13273 Marseille, France.,
    Christian Chabannon, Daniel Birnbaum, Christian Chabannon, Jocelyne D. Masson-Jacquemier & Jocelyne D. Masson-Jacquemier
  41. Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Lynda Chin, Lynda Chin, Ronald A. DePinho, Lynda Chin, Lynda Chin & Ronald A. DePinho
  42. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Lynda Chin, Lynda Chin, Lynda Chin & Lynda Chin
  43. U991, INSERM, 35043 Rennes, France.,
    Bruno Clément & Bruno Clément
  44. Department of Hematology, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Hospital Universitario, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.,
    Enrique de Alava & Marcos González-Díaz
  45. Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France.,
    Françoise Degos & Françoise Degos
  46. MLF Consulting, Arlington, Massachusetts 02474, USA.,
    Martin L. Ferguson & Martin L. Ferguson
  47. Canadian Tumour Repository Network, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3M 0V5, Canada.,
    Peter Geary
  48. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,
    D. Neil Hayes & D. Neil Hayes
  49. Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,
    Hidewaki Nakagawa, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Yusuke Nakamura, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda & Akihiro Fujimoto
  50. International Genomics Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.,
    Robert Penny & Robert Penny
  51. Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,
    Miguel A. Piris & Miguel A. Piris
  52. Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,
    Rajiv Sarin & Rajiv Sarin
  53. Department of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,
    Aldo Scarpa, Aldo Scarpa, Aldo Scarpa (Leader) & Giuseppe Zamboni
  54. Center for Applied Research on Cancer (ARC-NET), Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy.,
    Aldo Scarpa, Aldo Scarpa, Aldo Scarpa (Leader) & Rita T. Lawlor
  55. Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,
    Marc van de Vijver, Marc van de Vijver, Laura van’t Veer, Marc van de Vijver & Laura van’t Veer
  56. Academic Medical Center, 1015 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,
    Marc van de Vijver, Marc van de Vijver & Marc van de Vijver
  57. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,
    Hiroyuki Aburatani & Hiroyuki Aburatani
  58. Center for Genomic Regulation, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,
    Mónica Bayés, Xavier Estivill, Xavier Estivill & Heinz Himmelbaue
  59. Public Health and Epidemiology Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERESP), Barcelona, 08003 Catalonia, Spain.,
    Mónica Bayés, Xavier Estivill & Xavier Estivill
  60. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.,
    David D.L. Bowtell, David D. L. Bowtell & Dariush Etemadmoghadam
  61. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,
    David D.L. Bowtell, David D. L. Bowtell & Dariush Etemadmoghadam
  62. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.,
    Peter J. Campbell, Peter J. Campbell & Peter J. Campbell
  63. Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.,
    Sean M. Grimmond, John V. Pearson, Sean M. Grimmond (Leader), Nicole Cloonan, Brooke A. Gardiner, Nicola J. Waddell, Peter J. Wilson & Sean M. Grimmond
  64. CEA/DSV/IG-Centre National de Genotypage, 91057 Evry, France.,
    Ivo Gut, Simon Heath, Mark Lathrop, Mark Lathrop (Leader), Jörg Tost, Ivo Gut, Mark Lathrop, Jörg Tost, Ivo Gut, Simon Heath & Mark Lathrop
  65. Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,
    Martin Hirst, Marco Marra, Steven M. Jones, Steven M. Jones & Marco Marra
  66. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.,
    Carlos López-Otín, Xose S. Puente, Xose S. Puente, Victor Quesada, Carlos López-Otín, Xose S. Puente & Victor Quesada
  67. National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.,
    Partha Majumder, Partha P. Majumder (Leader) & Partha Majumder
  68. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,
    John D. McPherson, John D. McPherson & John D. McPherson (Leader)
  69. Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,
    Yijun Ruan & Edison T. Liu
  70. Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,
    Hendrik G. Stunnenberg, Hendrik G. Stunnenberg, Hendrik G. Stunnenberg & Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
  71. Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,
    Victor E. Velculescu
  72. The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.,
    Richard K. Wilson, Richard K. Wilson, Timothy J. Ley & Richard K. Wilson
  73. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.,
    Richard K. Wilson, Richard K. Wilson & Richard K. Wilson
  74. Applied Genomics Center, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, HKUST, Hong Kong, China.,
    Hong H. Xue
  75. Department of Biochemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,
    Hong H. Xue
  76. Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, 310009 Hangzhou, China.,
    Liu Yang
  77. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94510, USA.,
    Paul T. Spellman (Leader), Paul T. Spellman, Paul T. Spellman, Paul T. Spellman & Paul T. Spellman
  78. Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,
    Gary D. Bader
  79. Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,
    Gary D. Bader
  80. European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.,
    Paul Flicek, Alvis Brazma, Ewan Birney & Jan O. Korbel
  81. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,
    Gad Getz, Gad Getz, Eric S. Lander & Eric S. Lander
  82. Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB) and Center for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,
    Roderic Guigó, Roderic Guigó & Roderic Guigó
  83. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.,
    David Haussler
  84. Department of Experimental and Health Science, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,
    Nuria López-Bigas & Nuria López-Bigas
  85. Department of Computer Science & Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.,
    Benjamin J. Raphael
  86. Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,
    Chris Sander & Chris Sander
  87. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,
    Terence P. Speed & Terence P. Speed
  88. Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,
    Terence P. Speed & Terence P. Speed
  89. Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.,
    Joshua M. Stuart
  90. Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB) and Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,
    Alfonso Valencia, Alfonso Valencia & Alfonso Valencia
  91. Human Genome Sequencing Center & Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,
    David A. Wheeler & David A. Wheeler
  92. Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, 75010 Paris, France.,
    Mark Lathrop, Mark Lathrop (Leader), Jörg Tost, Hélène Blanche, Mark Lathrop, Jörg Tost, Marta Gut & Mark Lathrop
  93. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.,
    Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas & Gilles Thomas
  94. Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France.,
    Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas, Gilles Thomas & Gilles Thomas
  95. Nature Genetics, New York, New York 10013-1917, USA.,
    Myles Axton
  96. HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA.,
    Chris Gunter & Chris Gunter
  97. Nature and the Nature research journals, New York, New York 10013, USA.,
    Linda J. Miller
  98. Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK.,
    Syed A. Haider
  99. Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,
    Don R. C. Chalmers
  100. Faculty of Law, National University of Singapore, Singapore 259776, Singapore.,
    Terry S. H. Kaan
  101. Consultant in Health Research Ethics and Policy, 34280 La Grande Motte, France.,
    William W. Lowrance
  102. ISIS 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Institut Gustav Roussy, Pediatric Sce, 94805 Villejuif, France.,
    Catherine Vergely
  103. Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,
    Anna deFazio
  104. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.,
    Anna deFazio
  105. Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,
    James R. Eshleman
  106. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,
    James G. Kench
  107. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.,
    Margaret A. Tempero
  108. Department of General Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.,
    Steve Gallinger
  109. Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,
    Steve Gallinger
  110. Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,
    Ming-Sound Tsao
  111. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,
    Ming-Sound Tsao
  112. Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.,
    Patricia A. Shaw
  113. Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,
    Gloria M. Petersen
  114. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,
    Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
  115. Department of Medicine and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Ronald A. DePinho & Ronald A. DePinho
  116. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Sarah Thayer
  117. Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,
    Zhenggang Zhu & Yingyan Yu
  118. Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,
    Jun Yu
  119. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France.,
    Paul Brennan
  120. Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic.,
    Ivana Holcatova
  121. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation.,
    David Zaridze
  122. Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,
    Lars Egevad
  123. Bioengineering Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russian Federation.,
    Egor Prokhortchouk
  124. Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute for Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.,
    Rosamonde Elizabeth Banks
  125. Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.,
    Mathias Uhlén
  126. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1459, Latvia.,
    Juris Viksna
  127. Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.,
    Fredrik Ponten
  128. Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation.,
    Konstantin Skryabin
  129. Department of Oncology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.,
    Ake Borg & Ake Borg
  130. Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, 0310 Oslo, Norway.,
    Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale & Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
  131. Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,
    Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale & Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
  132. Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.,
    Carlos Caldas & Carlos Caldas
  133. Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,
    John A. Foekens & John A. Foekens
  134. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.,
    Jorge S. Reis-Filho & Jorge S. Reis-Filho
  135. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Andrea L. Richardson & Andrea L. Richardson
  136. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,
    Andrea L. Richardson & Andrea L. Richardson
  137. Jules Bordet Institute, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.,
    Christos Sotiriou
  138. Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France.,
    Sandrine Boyault, Eric Tabone & Isabelle Treilleux
  139. Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon, France.,
    Xavier Pivot
  140. Institut Curie, 75231 Paris, France.,
    Anne Vincent-Salomon & Anne Vincent-Salomon
  141. Centre Val d’Aurelle Paul-Lamarque, 34298 Montpellier, France.,
    Charles Theillet
  142. Hôpital Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,
    Paulette Bioulac-Sage
  143. Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France.,
    Thomas Decaens
  144. U955, INSERM, 94000 Créteil, France.,
    Thomas Decaens
  145. Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart, France.,
    Dominique Franco
  146. Centre Hepato-Bilaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France.,
    Didier Samuel
  147. U785, INSERM, 94800 Villejuif, France.,
    Didier Samuel
  148. U674, INSERM, 75010 Paris, France.,
    Jessica Zucman-Rossi
  149. BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Roland Eils (Leader)
  150. Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Jan O. Korbel
  151. Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Andrey Korshunov
  152. Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,
    Pablo Landgraf
  153. Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,
    Hans Lehrach
  154. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Stefan Pfister
  155. Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany.,
    Guido Reifenberger
  156. Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,
    Michael D. Taylor
  157. The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,
    Michael D. Taylor
  158. National Center for Tumor Diseases, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Christof von Kalle
  159. Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,
    Christof von Kalle
  160. Department of Surgery, University Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,
    Paolo Pederzoli
  161. Department of Biotechnology, Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,
    Massimo Delledonne
  162. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino, 10060 Torino, Italy.,
    Alberto Bardelli
  163. FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.,
    Alberto Bardelli
  164. Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,
    Thomas Gress
  165. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,
    David Klimstra
  166. Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,
    Yusuke Nakamura & Satoru Miyano
  167. Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,
    Elias Campo (Leader), Emili Montserrat, Pedro Jares & Silvia Bea
  168. Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut Català d’Oncologia-IDIBELL, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,
    Silvia de Sanjosé
  169. BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Colombia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,
    Samuel Aparicio
  170. Departments of Public Health and Primary Care and Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.,
    Douglas F. Easton & Douglas F. Easton
  171. US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,
    Francis S. Collins & Francis S. Collins
  172. Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,
    Wylie Burke
  173. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.,
    Anthony R. Green
  174. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,
    Stanley R. Hamilton
  175. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.,
    Olli P. Kallioniemi
  176. Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,
    Timothy J. Ley
  177. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,
    Brandon J. Wainwright

Consortia

The International Cancer Genome Consortium

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toThomas J. Hudson (Chairperson), Thomas J. Hudson, Thomas J. Hudson or Thomas J. Hudson (Chairperson).

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Competing interests

The author declare no competing financial interests.

Additional information

A list of participants and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Table 1

This file contains the cancer genome projects that are part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. (XLS 62 kb)

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The International Cancer Genome Consortium. International network of cancer genome projects.Nature 464, 993–998 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08987

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