A critical function for TGF-β signaling in the development of natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (original) (raw)

• Bluestone, J.A. & Abbas, A.K. Natural versus adaptive regulatory T cells. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 253–257 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fontenot, J.D. & Rudensky, A.Y. A well adapted regulatory contrivance: regulatory T cell development and the forkhead family transcription factor Foxp3. Nat. Immunol. 6, 331–337 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hill, J.A., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Treg cells: guardians for life. Nat. Immunol. 8, 124–125 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi, S. Regulatory T cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell 101, 455–458 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi, S. & Powrie, F. Emerging challenges in regulatory T cell function and biology. Science 317, 627–629 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Schwartz, R.H. Natural regulatory T cells and self-tolerance. Nat. Immunol. 6, 327–330 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Shevach, E.M. CD4+CD25+ suppressor T cells: more questions than answers. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 389–400 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• von Boehmer, H. Mechanisms of suppression by suppressor T cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 338–344 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Waldmann, H., Adams, E., Fairchild, P. & Cobbold, S. Infectious tolerance and the long-term acceptance of transplanted tissue. Immunol. Rev. 212, 301–313 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fontenot, J.D., Gavin, M.A. & Rudensky, A.Y. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 4, 330–336 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hori, S., Takahashi, T. & Sakaguchi, S. Control of autoimmunity by naturally arising regulatory CD4+ T cells. Adv. Immunol. 81, 331–371 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Khattri, R., Cox, T., Yasayko, S.A. & Ramsdell, F. An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Nat. Immunol. 4, 337–342 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Apostolou, I., Sarukhan, A., Klein, L. & von Boehmer, H. Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen. Nat. Immunol. 3, 756–763 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Jordan, M.S. et al. Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nat. Immunol. 2, 301–306 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• van Santen, H.M., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Number of T reg cells that differentiate does not increase upon encounter of agonist ligand on thymic epithelial cells. J. Exp. Med. 200, 1221–1230 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Walker, L.S., Chodos, A., Eggena, M., Dooms, H. & Abbas, A.K. Antigen-dependent proliferation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 198, 249–258 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Salomon, B. et al. B7/CD28 costimulation is essential for the homeostasis of the CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells that control autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 12, 431–440 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Tai, X., Cowan, M., Feigenbaum, L. & Singer, A. CD28 costimulation of developing thymocytes induces Foxp3 expression and regulatory T cell differentiation independently of interleukin 2. Nat. Immunol. 6, 152–162 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bayer, A.L., Yu, A., Adeegbe, D. & Malek, T.R. Essential role for interleukin-2 for CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell development during the neonatal period. J. Exp. Med. 201, 769–777 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• D'Cruz, L.M. & Klein, L. Development and function of agonist-induced CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the absence of interleukin 2 signaling. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1152–1159 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fontenot, J.D., Rasmussen, J.P., Gavin, M.A. & Rudensky, A.Y. A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1142–1151 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Malek, T.R. & Bayer, A.L. Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 665–674 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, A.B. et al. Transforming growth factor-β null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 770–774 (1993).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Shull, M.M. et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature 359, 693–699 (1992).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Bettelli, E. et al. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441, 235–238 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Carrier, Y., Yuan, J., Kuchroo, V.K. & Weiner, H.L. Th3 cells in peripheral tolerance. II. TGF-β-transgenic Th3 cells rescue IL-2-deficient mice from autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 178, 172–178 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Chen, W. et al. Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25− naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-β induction of transcription factor Foxp3. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1875–1886 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Davidson, T.S., DiPaolo, R.J., Andersson, J. & Shevach, E.M. Cutting edge: IL-2 is essential for TGF-β-mediated induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. J. Immunol. 178, 4022–4026 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fantini, M.C. et al. Cutting edge: TGF-β induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25− T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7. J. Immunol. 172, 5149–5153 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fu, S. et al. TGF-beta induces Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells from CD4+CD25− precursors. Am. J. Transplant. 4, 1614–1627 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Amarnath, S. & Chen, W. Requirement of CD28 signaling in homeostasis/survival of TGF-β converted CD4+CD25+ Tregs from thymic CD4+CD25− single positive T cells. Transplantation 82, 953–964 (2006).
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Wan, Y.Y. & Flavell, R.A. Identifying Foxp3-expressing suppressor T cells with a bicistronic reporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 5126–5131 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Zheng, S.G., Wang, J.H., Gray, J.D., Soucier, H. & Horwitz, D.A. Natural and induced CD4+CD25+ cells educate CD4+CD25− cells to develop suppressive activity: the role of IL-2, TGF-β, and IL-10. J. Immunol. 172, 5213–5221 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kretschmer, K. et al. Inducing and expanding regulatory T cell populations by foreign antigen. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1219–1227 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Marie, J.C., Letterio, J.J., Gavin, M. & Rudensky, A.Y. TGF-β1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1061–1067 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Fahlen, L. et al. T cells that cannot respond to TGF-β escape control by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 201, 737–746 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Li, M.O., Sanjabi, S. & Flavell, R.A. Transforming growth factor-β controls development, homeostasis, and tolerance of T cells by regulatory T cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Immunity 25, 455–471 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Marie, J.C., Liggitt, D. & Rudensky, A.Y. Cellular mechanisms of fatal early-onset autoimmunity in mice with the T cell-specific targeting of transforming growth factor-β receptor. Immunity 25, 441–454 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hennet, T., Hagen, F.K., Tabak, L.A. & Marth, J.D. T-cell-specific deletion of a polypeptide _N_-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase gene by site-directed recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 12070–12074 (1995).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Larsson, J. et al. TGF-β signaling-deficient hematopoietic stem cells have normal self-renewal and regenerative ability in vivo despite increased proliferative capacity in vitro. Blood 102, 3129–3135 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Asano, M., Toda, M., Sakaguchi, N. & Sakaguchi, S. Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. J. Exp. Med. 184, 387–396 (1996).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fontenot, J.D., Dooley, J.L., Farr, A.G. & Rudensky, A.Y. Developmental regulation of Foxp3 expression during ontogeny. J. Exp. Med. 202, 901–906 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Thornton, A.M. & Shevach, E.M. CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J. Exp. Med. 188, 287–296 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Surh, C.D., Sprent, J. & Webb, S.R. Exclusion of circulating T cells from the thymus does not apply in the neonatal period. J. Exp. Med. 177, 379–385 (1993).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Bonasio, R. et al. Clonal deletion of thymocytes by circulating dendritic cells homing to the thymus. Nat. Immunol. 7, 1092–1100 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Chen, W. et al. Requirement for transforming growth factor beta1 in controlling T cell apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 194, 439–454 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Shi, Y. & Massague, J. Mechanisms of TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell 113, 685–700 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Letterio, J.J. et al. Maternal rescue of transforming growth factor-β null mice. Science 264, 1936–1938 (1994).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Li, M.O., Wan, Y.Y., Sanjabi, S., Robertson, A.K. & Flavell, R.A. Transforming growth factor-β regulation of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24, 99–146 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yao, Z. et al. Nonredundant roles for Stat5a/b in directly regulating Foxp3. Blood 109, 4368–4375 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Pennington, D.J. et al. Early events in the thymus affect the balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Nature 444, 1073–1077 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar