Patient-derived tumour xenografts as models for oncology drug development (original) (raw)
Johnson, J. I. et al. Relationships between drug activity in NCI preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and early clinical trials. Br. J. Cancer84, 1424–1431 (2001). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Daniel, V. C. et al. A primary xenograft model of small-cell lung cancer reveals irreversible changes in gene expression imposed by culture in vitro. Cancer Res.69, 3364–3373 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Giovanella, B. C. et al. DNA topoisomerase I--targeted chemotherapy of human colon cancer in xenografts. Science246, 1046–1048 (1989). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Houghton, J. A., Maroda, S. J. Jr, Phillips, J. O. & Houghton, P. J. Biochemical determinants of responsiveness to 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives in xenografts of human colorectal adenocarcinomas in mice. Cancer Res.41, 144–149 (1981). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Houghton, J. A. & Taylor, D. M. Growth characteristics of human colorectal tumours during serial passage in immune-deprived mice. Br. J. Cancer37, 213–223 (1978). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Jin, K. et al. Patient-derived human tumour tissue xenografts in immunodeficient mice: a systematic review. Clin. Transl. Oncol.12, 473–480 (2010). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Morton, C. L. & Houghton, P. J. Establishment of human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Nat. Protoc.2, 247–250 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rubio-Viqueira, B. & Hidalgo, M. Direct in vivo xenograft tumor model for predicting chemotherapeutic drug response in cancer patients. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.85, 217–221 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sausville, E. A. & Burger, A. M. Contributions of human tumor xenografts to anticancer drug development. Cancer Res.66, 3351–3354 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jin, K. et al. Patient-derived human tumour tissue xenografts in immunodeficient mice: a systematic review. Clin. Transl. Oncol.12, 473–480 (2010). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Rubio-Viqueira, B. et al. An in vivo platform for translational drug development in pancreatic cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.12, 4652–4661 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
John, T. et al. The ability to form primary tumor xenografts is predictive of increased risk of disease recurrence in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.17, 134–141 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Merk, J., Rolff, J., Becker, M., Leschber, G. & Fichtner, I. Patient-derived xenografts of non-small-cell lung cancer: a pre-clinical model to evaluate adjuvant chemotherapy? Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.36, 454–459 (2009). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Shultz, L. D. et al. Human lymphoid and myeloid cell development in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull mice engrafted with mobilized human hemopoietic stem cells. J. Immunol.174, 6477–6489 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Simpson-Abelson, M. R. et al. Long-term engraftment and expansion of tumor-derived memory T cells following the implantation of non-disrupted pieces of human lung tumor into NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice. J. Immunol.180, 7009–7018 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pitts, T. M. et al. Development of an integrated genomic classifier for a novel agent in colorectal cancer: approach to individualized therapy in early development. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 3193–3204 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Sanz, L. et al. Differential transplantability of human endothelial cells in colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma primary xenografts. Lab. Invest.89, 91–97 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gray, D. R. et al. Short-term human prostate primary xenografts: an in vivo model of human prostate cancer vasculature and angiogenesis. Cancer Res.64, 1712–1721 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Smith, V., Wirth, G. J., Fiebig, H. H. & Burger, A. M. Tissue microarrays of human tumor xenografts: characterization of proteins involved in migration and angiogenesis for applications in the development of targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Genomics Proteomics5, 263–273 (2008). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Garrido-Laguna, I. et al. Tumor engraftment in nude mice and enrichment in stroma- related gene pathways predict poor survival and resistance to gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.17, 5793–5800 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Fichtner, I. et al. Establishment of patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenografts as models for the identification of predictive biomarkers. Clin. Cancer Res.14, 6456–6468 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jones, S. et al. Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses. Science321, 1801–1806 (2008). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Dangles-Marie, V. et al. Establishment of human colon cancer cell lines from fresh tumors versus xenografts: comparison of success rate and cell line features. Cancer Res.67, 398–407 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Guenot, D. et al. Primary tumour genetic alterations and intra-tumoral heterogeneity are maintained in xenografts of human colon cancers showing chromosome instability. J. Pathol.208, 643–652 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fichtner, I. et al. Anticancer drug response and expression of molecular markers in early-passage xenotransplanted colon carcinomas. Eur. J. Cancer40, 298–307 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Krumbach, R. et al. Primary resistance to cetuximab in a panel of patient-derived tumour xenograft models: activation of MET as one mechanism for drug resistance. Eur. J. Cancer47, 1231–1243 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bertotti, A. et al. A molecularly annotated platform of patient-derived xenografts ('xenopatients') identifies HER2 as an effective therapeutic target in cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov.1, 508–523 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tentler, J. J. et al. Identification of predictive markers of response to the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) in K-ras-mutated colorectal cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther.9, 3351–3362 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Arcaroli, J. J. et al. Gene array and fluorescence in situ hybridization biomarkers of activity of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src inhibitor, in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 4165–4177 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Dalerba, P. et al. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104, 10158–10163 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Olive, K. P. et al. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling enhances delivery of chemotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Science324, 1457–1461 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim, M. P. et al. Generation of orthotopic and heterotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Nat. Protoc.4, 1670–1680 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Fu, X., Guadagni, F. & Hoffman, R. M. A metastatic nude-mouse model of human pancreatic cancer constructed orthotopically with histologically intact patient specimens. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA89, 5645–5649 (1992). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Garrido-Laguna, I. et al. Integrated preclinical and clinical development of mTOR inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Br. J. Cancer103, 649–655 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Rubio-Viqueira, B. et al. Optimizing the development of targeted agents in pancreatic cancer: tumor fine-needle aspiration biopsy as a platform for novel prospective ex vivo drug sensitivity assays. Mol. Cancer Ther.6, 515–523 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jimeno, A. et al. A fine-needle aspirate-based vulnerability assay identifies polo-like kinase 1 as a mediator of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther.9, 311–318 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hidalgo, M. et al. A pilot clinical study of treatment guided by personalized tumorgrafts in patients with advanced cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther.10, 1311–1316 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Villarroel, M. C. et al. Personalizing cancer treatment in the age of global genomic analyses: PALB2 gene mutations and the response to DNA damaging agents in pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther.10, 3–8 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Von Hoff, D. D. et al. Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is an active regimen in patients with advanced pancreatic Cancer: a phase I/II trial. J. Clin. Oncol.29, 4548–4554 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Yamazaki, S. et al. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition and anti-tumor efficacy in human tumor xenograft mouse models. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.340, 549–557 (2012). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Christensen, J. G. Proof of principle for crizotinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive malignancies was achieved in ALK-positive nonclinical models. Mol. Cancer Ther.10, 2024 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sasaki, T. et al. A novel ALK secondary mutation and EGFR signaling cause resistance to ALK kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res.71, 6051–6060 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Yoshida, T. et al. Effects of Src inhibitors on cell growth and epidermal growth factor receptor and MET signaling in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells with acquired MET amplification. Cancer Sci.101, 167–172 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dong, X. et al. Patient-derived first generation xenografts of non-small cell lung cancers: promising tools for predicting drug responses for personalized chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 1442–1451 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Nemati, F. et al. Preclinical assessment of cisplatin-based therapy versus docetaxel-based therapy on a panel of human non-small-cell lung cancer xenografts. Anticancer Drugs20, 932–940 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cutz, J. C. et al. Establishment in severe combined immunodeficiency mice of subrenal capsule xenografts and transplantable tumor lines from a variety of primary human lung cancers: potential models for studying tumor progression-related changes. Clin. Cancer Res.12, 4043–4054 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Taetle, R. et al. Use of nude mouse xenografts as preclinical screens. Characterization of xenograft-derived melanoma cell lines. Cancer60, 1836–1841 (1987). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fiebig, H. H. et al. Gene signatures developed from patient tumor explants grown in nude mice to predict tumor response to 11 cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Genomics Proteomics4, 197–209 (2007). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Nemati, F. et al. Establishment and characterization of a panel of human uveal melanoma xenografts derived from primary and/or metastatic tumors. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 2352–2362 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Agrawal, N. et al. Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1. Science333, 1154–1157 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Vermorken, J. B. et al. Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.359, 1116–1127 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bonner, J. A. et al. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 567–578 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hennessey, P. T. et al. Promoter methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines is significantly different than methylation in primary tumors and xenografts. PLoS ONE6, e20584 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Prince, M. E. et al. Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104, 973–978 (2007). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen, J., Milo, G. E., Shuler, C. F. & Schuller, D. E. Xenograft growth and histodifferentiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the pharynx and larynx. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.81, 197–202 (1996). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zatterstrom, U. K. et al. Growth of xenografted squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck--possible correlation with patient survival. APMIS100, 976–980 (1992). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wennerberg, J., Trope, C. & Biorklund, A. Heterotransplantation of human head and neck tumours into nude mice. Acta Otolaryngol.95, 183–190 (1983). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Langdon, S. P. et al. Preclinical phase II studies in human tumor xenografts: a European multicenter follow-up study. Ann. Oncol.5, 415–422 (1994). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Henriksson, E. et al. p53 mutation and cyclin D1 amplification correlate with cisplatin sensitivity in xenografted human squamous cell carcinomas from head and neck. Acta Oncol.45, 300–305 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Peltonen, J. K. et al. Specific TP53 mutations predict aggressive phenotype in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective archival study. Head Neck Oncol.3, 20 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Cabelguenne, A. et al. p53 alterations predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective series. J. Clin. Oncol.18, 1465–1473 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Koch, W. M. et al. p53 mutation and locoregional treatment failure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst.88, 1580–1586 (1996). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov[online], (2011).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov[online], (2012).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov[online], (2012).
Carey, L. A. et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA295, 2492–2502 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Beckhove, P. et al. Efficient engraftment of human primary breast cancer transplants in nonconditioned NOD/Scid mice. Int. J. Cancer105, 444–453 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
de Plater, L. et al. Establishment and characterisation of a new breast cancer xenograft obtained from a woman carrying a germline BRCA2 mutation. Br. J. Cancer103, 1192–1200 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
DeRose, Y. S. et al. Tumor grafts derived from women with breast cancer authentically reflect tumor pathology, growth, metastasis and disease outcomes. Nat. Med.17, 1514–1520 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Marangoni, E. et al. A new model of patient tumor-derived breast cancer xenografts for preclinical assays. Clin. Cancer Res.13, 3989–3998 (2007). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Moestue, S. A. et al. Distinct choline metabolic profiles are associated with differences in gene expression for basal-like and luminal-like breast cancer xenograft models. BMC Cancer10, 433 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Laitinen, S., Karhu, R., Sawyers, C. L., Vessella, R. L. & Visakorpi, T. Chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer xenografts detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer35, 66–73 (2002). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gray, D. R. et al. Short-term human prostate primary xenografts: an in vivo model of human prostate cancer vasculature and angiogenesis. Cancer Res.64, 1712–1721 (2004). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Grisanzio, C. et al. Orthotopic xenografts of RCC retain histological, immunophenotypic and genetic features of tumours in patients. J. Pathol.225, 212–221 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Yoshida, T. et al. Antiandrogen bicalutamide promotes tumor growth in a novel androgen-dependent prostate cancer xenograft model derived from a bicalutamide-treated patient. Cancer Res.65, 9611–9616 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wang, Y. et al. Development and characterization of efficient xenograft models for benign and malignant human prostate tissue. Prostate64, 149–159 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Coppin, C., Kollmannsberger, C., Le, L., Porzsolt, F. & Wilt, T. J. Targeted therapy for advanced renal cell cancer (RCC): a Cochrane systematic review of published randomised trials. BJU Int.108, 1556–1563 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Beniers, A. J. et al. Establishment and characterization of five new human renal tumor xenografts. Am. J. Pathol.140, 483–495 (1992). CASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Kopper, L. et al. Renal cell carcinoma--xenotransplantation into immuno-suppressed mice. Oncology41, 19–24 (1984). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Beroukhim, R. et al. Patterns of gene expression and copy-number alterations in von-hippel lindau disease-associated and sporadic clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. Cancer Res.69, 4674–4681 (2009). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
An, Z., Jiang, P., Wang, X., Moossa, A. R. & Hoffman, R. M. Development of a high metastatic orthotopic model of human renal cell carcinoma in nude mice: benefits of fragment implantation compared to cell-suspension injection. Clin. Exp. Metastasis17, 265–270 (1999). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Angevin, E. et al. Human renal cell carcinoma xenografts in SCID mice: tumorigenicity correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. Lab. Invest.79, 879–888 (1999). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Yuen, J. S. et al. Inhibition of angiogenic and non-angiogenic targets by sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a RCC xenograft model. Br. J. Cancer104, 941–947 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Hammers, H. J. et al. Reversible epithelial to mesenchymal transition and acquired resistance to sunitinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma: evidence from a xenograft study. Mol. Cancer Ther.9, 1525–1535 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Ellis, L. et al. Vascular disruption in combination with mTOR inhibition in renal cell carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther.11, 383–392 (2012). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Keunen, O. et al. Anti-VEGF treatment reduces blood supply and increases tumor cell invasion in glioblastoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA108, 3749–3754 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Carol, H. et al. Initial testing of topotecan by the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr. Blood Cancer54, 707–715 (2010). PubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Houghton, P. J. et al. Efficacy of topoisomerase I inhibitors, topotecan and irinotecan, administered at low dose levels in protracted schedules to mice bearing xenografts of human tumors. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.36, 393–403 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vassal, G. et al. Potent therapeutic activity of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its schedule dependency in medulloblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer73, 156–163 (1997). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Houghton, P. J. et al. The pediatric preclinical testing program: description of models and early testing results. Pediatr. Blood Cancer49, 928–940 (2007). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Foreman, N. K., Love, S. & Thorne, R. Intracranial ependymomas: analysis of prognostic factors in a population-based series. Pediatr. Neurosurg.24, 119–125 (1996). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Merchant, T. E. et al. Preliminary results from a phase II trial of conformal radiation therapy and evaluation of radiation-related CNS effects for pediatric patients with localized ependymoma. J. Clin. Oncol.22, 3156–3162 (2004). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Pollack, I. F. et al. Intracranial ependymomas of childhood: long-term outcome and prognostic factors. Neurosurgery37, 655–666 (1995). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yu, L. et al. A clinically relevant orthotopic xenograft model of ependymoma that maintains the genomic signature of the primary tumor and preserves cancer stem cells in vivo. Neuro. Oncol.12, 580–594 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Zembutsu, H. et al. Genome-wide cDNA microarray screening to correlate gene expression profiles with sensitivity of 85 human cancer xenografts to anticancer drugs. Cancer Res.62, 518–527 (2002). CASPubMed Google Scholar
Tan, A. C., Naiman, D. Q., Xu, L., Winslow, R. L. & Geman, D. Simple decision rules for classifying human cancers from gene expression profiles. Bioinformatics21, 3896–3904 (2005). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jimeno, A. et al. Coordinated epidermal growth factor receptor pathway gene overexpression predicts epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res.68, 2841–2849 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Messersmith, W. A. et al. Efficacy and pharmacodynamic effects of bosutinib (SKI-606), a Src/Abl inhibitor, in freshly generated human pancreas cancer xenografts. Mol. Cancer Ther.8, 1484–1493 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rajeshkumar, N. V. et al. Antitumor effects and biomarkers of activity of AZD0530, a Src inhibitor, in pancreatic cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.15, 4138–4146 (2009). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov[online], (2010).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov[online], (2010).
Singh, M. et al. Assessing therapeutic responses in Kras mutant cancers using genetically engineered mouse models. Nat. Biotechnol.28, 585–593 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Giovanella, B. C., Stehlin, J. S., Jr, Shepard, R. C. & Williams, L. J. Jr. Correlation between response to chemotherapy of human tumors in patients and in nude mice. Cancer52, 1146–1152 (1983). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tentler, J. J. et al. Assessment of the in vivo antitumor effects of ENMD-2076, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, against primary and cell line-derived human colorectal cancer xenograft models. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 2989–2998 (2010). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Rajeshkumar, N. V. et al. MK-1775, a potent Wee1 inhibitor, synergizes with gemcitabine to achieve tumor regressions, selectively in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res.17, 2799–2806 (2011). ArticleCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar
Song, D. et al. Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther.7, 3275–3284 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Merk, J., Rolff, J., Dorn, C., Leschber, G. & Fichtner, I. Chemoresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer: can multidrug resistance markers predict the response of xenograft lung cancer models to chemotherapy? Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.40, e29–e33 (2011). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hammer, S. et al. Comparative profiling of the novel epothilone, sagopilone, in xenografts derived from primary non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.16, 1452–1465 (2010). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kolfschoten, G. M. et al. Development of a panel of 15 human ovarian cancer xenografts for drug screening and determination of the role of the glutathione detoxification system. Gynecol. Oncol.76, 362–368 (2000). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Huynh, H., Soo, K. C., Chow, P. K., Panasci, L. & Tran, E. Xenografts of human hepatocellular carcinoma: a useful model for testing drugs. Clin. Cancer Res.12, 4306–4314 (2006). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Huynh, H. et al. Brivanib alaninate, a dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, induces growth inhibition in mouse models of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.14, 6146–6153 (2008). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar