Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder (original) (raw)

References

1. Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Genome-wide association study of 14 000 cases of seven common diseases and 3000 shared controls. Nature 2007; 447: 661–678.
   Article Google Scholar
2. Smoller JW, Finn CT . Family, twin, and adoption studies of bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2003; 123: 48–58.
   Article Google Scholar
3. The International HapMap Consortium. The International HapMap Project. Nature 2003; 426: 789–796.
   Article Google Scholar
4. Altshuler D, Brooks LD, Chakravarti A, Collin FS, Daly MJ, Donnelly P et al. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 2005; 437: 1299–1320.
   Article Google Scholar
5. Segurado R, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Gill M, Nurnberger Jr JI et al. Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part III: Bipolar disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73: 49–62.
   Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
6. McQueen MB, Devlin B, Faraone SV, Nimgaonkar VL, Sklar P, Smoller JW et al. Combined analysis from eleven linkage studies of bipolar disorder provides strong evidence of susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6q and 8q. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 582–595.
   Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
7. Craddock N, Forty L . Genetics of affective (mood) disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 14: 660–668.
   Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
8. Saxena R, Voight BF, Lyssenko V, Burtt NP, de Bakker PI, Chen H et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels. Science 2007; 316: 1331–1336.
   Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
9. Zeggini E, Weedon MN, Lindgren CM, Frayling TM, Elliott KS, Lango H et al. Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Science 2007; 316: 1336–1341.
   Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
10. Scott LJ, Mohlke KL, Bonnycastle LL, Willer CJ, Li Y, Duren WL et al. A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants. Science 2007; 316: 1341–1345.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
11. Gudmundsson J, Sulem P, Manolescu A, Amundadottir LT, Gudbjartsson D, Helgason A et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a second prostate cancer susceptibility variant at 8q24. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 631–637.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
12. Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 596–604.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
13. Easton DF, Pooley KA, Dunning AM, Pharoah PD, Thompson D, Ballinger DG et al. Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci. Nature 2007; 447: 1087–1093.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
14. McPherson R, Pertsemlidis A, Kavaslar N, Stewart A, Roberts R, Cox DR et al. A common allele on chromosome 9 associated with coronary heart disease. Science 2007; 316: 1488–1491.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
15. Maller J, George S, Purcell S, Fagerness J, Altshuler D, Daly MJ et al. Common variation in three genes, including a noncoding variant in CFH, strongly influences risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 1055–1059.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
16. Baum AE, Akula N, Cabanero M, Cardona I, Corona W, Klemens B et al. A genome-wide association study implicates diacylglycerol kinase eta (DGKH) and several other genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 13: 197–207.
    Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
17. Sachs GS, Thase ME, Otto MW, Bauer M, Miklowitz D, Wisniewski SR et al. Rationale, design, and methods of the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53: 1028–1042.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
18. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-P). New York State Psyciatric Institute: New York, 1996.
    Google Scholar
19. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59 (Suppl 20): 22–33; quiz 34–57.
    PubMed Google Scholar
20. Faraone SV, Blehar M, Pepple J, Moldin SO, Norton J, Nurnberger JI et al. Diagnostic accuracy and confusability analyses: an application to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Psychol Med 1996; 26: 401–410.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
21. Simpson SG, McMahon FJ, McInnis MG, MacKinnon DF, Edwin D, Folstein SE et al. Diagnostic reliability of bipolar II disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 736–740.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
22. Nurnberger Jr JI, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, York-Cooler C, Simpson SG, Harkavy-Friedman J et al. Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH genetics initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 849–859; discussion 863–864.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
23. Potash JB, Willour VL, Chiu YF, Simpson SG, MacKinnon DF, Pearlson GD et al. The familial aggregation of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder pedigrees. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1258–1264.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
24. Potash JB, Chiu YF, MacKinnon DF, Miller EB, Simpson SG, McMahon FJ et al. Familial aggregation of psychotic symptoms in a replication set of 69 bipolar disorder pedigrees. Am J Med Genet 2003; 116B: 90–97.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
25. Schulze TG, Hedeker D, Zandi P, Rietschel M, McMahon FJ . What is familial about familial bipolar disorder? Resemblance among relatives across a broad spectrum of phenotypic characteristics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 1368–1376.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
26. Spitzer RL, Endicott J . The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia, Lifetime Version, 3rd edn. New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York, 1977.
    Google Scholar
27. Spitzer RL, Endicott J . Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders, 3rd edn. New York State Psychiatric Institute: New York, 1978.
    Google Scholar
28. McGuffin P, Farmer A, Harvey I . A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness. Development and reliability of the OPCRIT system. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48: 764–770.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
29. Mansour HA, Talkowski ME, Wood J, Pless L, Bamne M, Chowdari KV et al. Serotonin gene polymorphisms and bipolar I disorder: focus on the serotonin transporter. Ann Med 2005; 37: 590–602.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
30. Association AP . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC, 2000.
    Google Scholar
31. Matsuzaki H, Loi H, Dong S, Tsai YY, Fang J, Law J et al. Parallel genotyping of over 10 000 SNPs using a one-primer assay on a high-density oligonucleotide array. Genome Res 2004; 14: 414–425.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
32. Rabbee N, Speed TP . A genotype calling algorithm for affymetrix SNP arrays. Bioinformatics 2006; 22: 7–12.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
33. Sklar P, Gabriel SB, McInnis MG, Bennett P, Lim YM, Tsan G et al. Family-based association study of 76 candidate genes in bipolar disorder: BDNF is a potential risk locus. Brain-derived neutrophic factor. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 579–593.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
34. Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81: 559–575.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
35. Pe'er I, de Bakker PI, Maller J, Yelensky R, Altshuler D, Daly MJ . Evaluating and improving power in whole-genome association studies using fixed marker sets. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 663–667.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
36. Fisher RA . Combining independent tests of significance. Am Stat 1948; 2: 30.
    Google Scholar
37. Stine OC, Xu J, Koskela R, McMahon FJ, Gschwend M, Friddle C et al. Evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 with a parent-of-origin effect. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 1384–1394.
    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
38. De bruyn A, Souery D, Mendelbaum K, Mendlewicz J, Van Broeckhoven C . Linkage analysis of families with bipolar illness and chromosome 18 markers. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39: 679–688.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
39. Zhao LP, Koslovsky JS, Reinhard J, Bahler M, Witt AE, Provance Jr DW et al. Cloning and characterization of myr 6, an unconventional myosin of the dilute/myosin-V family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 10826–10831.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
40. Lise MF, Wong TP, Trinh A, Hines RM, Liu L, Kang R et al. Involvement of myosin Vb in glutamate receptor trafficking. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 3669–3678.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
41. Bridgman PC . Myosin-dependent transport in neurons. J Neurobiol 2004; 58: 164–174.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
42. Lapierre LA, Kumar R, Hales CM, Navarre J, Bhartur SG, Burnette JO et al. Myosin vb is associated with plasma membrane recycling systems. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12: 1843–1857.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
43. Lapierre LA, Goldenring JR . Interactions of myosin vb with rab11 family members and cargoes traversing the plasma membrane recycling system. Methods Enzymol 2005; 403: 715–723.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
44. Pinkas-Kramarski R, Soussan L, Waterman H, Levkowitz G, Alroy I, Klapper L et al. Diversification of Neu differentiation factor and epidermal growth factor signaling by combinatorial receptor interactions. EMBO J 1996; 15: 2452–2467.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
45. Ehlers CL, Frank E, Kupfer DJ . Social zeitgebers and biological rhythms. A unified approach to understanding the etiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 948–952.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
46. Grandin LD, Alloy LB, Abramson LY . The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: review and evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 2006; 26: 679–694.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
47. Kramer A, Yang FC, Snodgrass P, Li X, Scammell TE, Davis FC et al. Regulation of daily locomotor activity and sleep by hypothalamic EGF receptor signaling. Science 2001; 294: 2511–2515.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
48. Luetteke NC, Phillips HK, Qiu TH, Copeland NG, Earp HS, Jenkins NA et al. The mouse waved-2 phenotype results from a point mutation in the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Genes Dev 1994; 8: 399–413.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
49. Foltenyi K, Greenspan RJ, Newport JW . Activation of EGFR and ERK by rhomboid signaling regulates the consolidation and maintenance of sleep in Drosophila. Nat Neurosci 2007; 10: 1160–1167.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
50. Hemler ME . Tetraspanin proteins mediate cellular penetration, invasion, and fusion events and define a novel type of membrane microdomain. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2003; 19: 397–422.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
51. Berditchevski F, Odintsova E . Tetraspanins as regulators of protein trafficking. Traffic 2007; 8: 89–96.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
52. Tkachev D, Mimmack ML, Ryan MM, Wayland M, Freeman T, Jones PB et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet 2003; 362: 798–805.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
53. McQuillin A, Rizig M, Gurling HM . A microarray gene expression study of the molecular pharmacology of lithium carbonate on mouse brain mRNA to understand the neurobiology of mood stabilization and treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17: 605–617.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
54. Marti SB, Cichon S, Propping P, Nothen M . Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene variation is not associated with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder in the German population. Am J Med Genet 2002; 114: 46–50.
    Article PubMed Google Scholar
55. Fallin MD, Lasseter VK, Avramopoulos D, Nicodemus KK, Wolyniec PS, McGrath JA et al. Bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia: a 440-single-nucleotide polymorphism screen of 64 candidate genes among Ashkenazi Jewish case-parent trios. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 918–936.
    Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
56. Levy NA, Janicak PG . Calcium channel antagonists for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2: 108–119.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
57. Wisner KL, Peindl KS, Perel JM, Hanusa BH, Piontek CM, Baab S . Verapamil treatment for women with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51: 745–752.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
58. Splawski I, Timothy KW, Sharpe LM, Decher N, Kumar P, Bloise R et al. Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel dysfunction causes a multisystem disorder including arrhythmia and autism. Cell 2004; 119: 19–31.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
59. Skol AD, Scott LJ, Abecasis GR, Boehnke M . Joint analysis is more efficient than replication-based analysis for two-stage genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 209–213.
    Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the patients and families who have contributed their time and DNA to this study. This study was supported by grants from the NIMH (MH062137, PS; MH067288, PS; MH063445, JWS; MH63420, VLN), Charles A King Trust Fellowship (JF); NARSAD Young Investigator Awards (RHP, SP, JF); NARSAD Independent Investigator Award (PS); Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development (EMS); Johnson & Johnson Foundation (PS); the Sydney Herman Foundation (EMS); the Stanley Foundation for Medical Research (EMS) and the Dauten Family (EMS, PS). The UCL clinical and control samples were collected with support from the MDF Bipolar Organization (formerly the UK Manic Depression Fellowship), the Neuroscience Research Charitable Trust, the central London NHS Blood Transfusion Service and by a research lectureship from the Priory Hospitals. Processing and genetic analysis of the UCL cohort has been supported by UK Medical Research Council project Grants G9623693N and G0500791. The collection of the Edinburgh cohort was supported by grants from The Wellcome Trust, London, The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Executive and the Translational Medicine Research Institute, Glasgow. The STEP-BD project was funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, under contract N01MH80001 to Gary S Sachs, MD (PI), Michael E Thase MD (Co-PI), Mark S Bauer, MD (Co-PI). Active STEP-BD Sites and Principal Investigators included Baylor College of Medicine (Lauren B Marangell, MD); Case University (Joseph R Calabrese, MD); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (Andrew A Nierenberg, MD); Portland VA Medical Center (Peter Hauser, MD); Stanford University School of Medicine (Terence A Ketter, MD); University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (Marshall Thomas, MD); University of Massachusetts Medical Center (Jayendra Patel, MD); University of Oklahoma College of Medicine (Mark D Fossey, MD); University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (Laszlo Gyulai, MD); University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (Michael E Thase, MD); University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (Charles L Bowden, MD). Collection of DNA from consenting participants in STEP-BD was supported by N01-MH-80001 (G Sachs, PI). We thank the following individuals for their assistance with this effort: Francine Molay, Beth Rosen-Sheidley, and Laurie Silfies. Control subjects from the National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia Genetics Initiative (NIMH-GI), data and biomaterials were collected by the ‘Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia II’ (MGS-2) collaboration. The investigators and coinvestigators are: ENH/Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA (MH059571), Pablo V Gejman, MD (Collaboration Coordinator; PI), Alan R Sanders, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA (MH59587), Farooq Amin, MD (PI); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans, LA, USA (MH067257), Nancy Buccola APRN, BC, MSN (PI); University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (MH60870), William Byerley, MD (PI); Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA (U01, MH060879), C Robert Cloninger, MD (PI); University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA (MH59566), Raymond Crowe, MD (PI), Donald Black, MD; University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA (MH059565), Robert Freedman, MD (PI); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (MH061675), Douglas Levinson MD (PI); University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, (MH059588), Bryan Mowry, MD (PI); Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA (MH59586), Jeremy Silverman, PhD (PI). NIMH Family samples were collected as part of ten projects that participated in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Bipolar Disorder Genetics Initiative. From 1999 to 2003, the Principal Investigators and Co-Investigators were: Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA (R01 MH59545), John Nurnberger, MD, PhD, Marvin J Miller, MD, Elizabeth S Bowman, MD, N Leela Rau, MD, P Ryan Moe, MD, Nalini Samavedy, MD, Rif El-Mallakh, MD (at University of Louisville), Husseini Manji, MD (at Wayne State University), Debra A Glitz, MD (at Wayne State University), Eric T Meyer, MS, Carrie Smiley, RN, Tatiana Foroud, PhD, Leah Flury, MS, Danielle M Dick, PhD, Howard Edenberg, PhD; Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA (R01 MH059534), John Rice, PhD, Theodore Reich, MD, Allison Goate, PhD, Laura Bierut, MD; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA (R01 MH59533), Melvin McInnis MD, J Raymond DePaulo, Jr, MD, Dean F MacKinnon, MD, Francis M Mondimore, MD, James B Potash, MD, Peter P Zandi, PhD, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, and Jennifer Payne; University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA (R01 MH59553), Wade Berrettini MD, PhD; University of California at Irvine, CA, USA (R01 MH60068), William Byerley MD and Mark Vawter MD; University of Iowa, IA, USA (R01 MH059548), William Coryell MD and Raymond Crowe MD; University of Chicago, IL, USA (R01 MH59535), Elliot Gershon, MD, Judith Badner PhD, Francis McMahon MD, Chunyu Liu PhD, Alan Sanders MD, Maria Caserta, Steven Dinwiddie MD, Tu Nguyen, Donna Harakal; University of California at San Diego, CA, USA (R01 MH59567), John Kelsoe, MD, Rebecca McKinney, BA; Rush University, IL, USA (R01 MH059556),William Scheftner MD, Howard M Kravitz, DO, MPH, Diana Marta, BS, Annette Vaughn-Brown, MSN, RN and Laurie Bederow, MA; NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA (1Z01MH002810-01), Francis J McMahon, MD, Layla Kassem, PsyD, Sevilla Detera-Wadleigh, PhD, Lisa Austin, PhD, Dennis L Murphy, MD.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
   P Sklar, J W Smoller, J Fan, M A R Ferreira, R H Perlis, P I W de Bakker, M N Ogdie, K Todd-Brown, M J Daly & S M Purcell
2. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
   P Sklar, J W Smoller, J Fan, M A R Ferreira, R H Perlis, M N Ogdie, G S Sachs, K Todd-Brown & S M Purcell
3. Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry or Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
   P Sklar, J W Smoller, R H Perlis, G S Sachs, M J Daly & S M Purcell
4. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
   P Sklar, J W Smoller, J Fan, M A R Ferreira, R H Perlis, K Chambert, A Kirby, P I W de Bakker, M N Ogdie, K Todd-Brown, S B Gabriel, C Sougnez, C Gates, B Blumenstiel, M Defelice, K G Ardlie, J Franklin, E M Scolnick, M J Daly & S M Purcell
5. Queensland Institute of Medical Research, QLD, Australia,
   M A R Ferreira
6. Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
   V L Nimgaonkar & M E Thase
7. Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
   M B McQueen
8. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
   S V Faraone
9. Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
   S V Faraone
10. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    A Kirby, P I W de Bakker & M J Daly
11. Divison of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
    W J Muir, K A McGhee, D J MacIntyre, A McLean, M VanBeck & D H Blackwood
12. Department of Mental Health Sciences, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
    A McQuillin, N J Bass, M Robinson, J Lawrence, A Anjorin, D Curtis & H M Gurling

Authors

1. P Sklar
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
2. J W Smoller
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
3. J Fan
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
4. M A R Ferreira
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
5. R H Perlis
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
6. K Chambert
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
7. V L Nimgaonkar
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
8. M B McQueen
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
9. S V Faraone
   You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
10. A Kirby
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
11. P I W de Bakker
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
12. M N Ogdie
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
13. M E Thase
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
14. G S Sachs
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
15. K Todd-Brown
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
16. S B Gabriel
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
17. C Sougnez
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
18. C Gates
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
19. B Blumenstiel
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
20. M Defelice
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
21. K G Ardlie
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
22. J Franklin
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
23. W J Muir
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
24. K A McGhee
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
25. D J MacIntyre
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
26. A McLean
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
27. M VanBeck
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
28. A McQuillin
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
29. N J Bass
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
30. M Robinson
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
31. J Lawrence
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
32. A Anjorin
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
33. D Curtis
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
34. E M Scolnick
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
35. M J Daly
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
36. D H Blackwood
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
37. H M Gurling
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
38. S M Purcell
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence toP Sklar.

Additional information

Authors and their contributions appear at the end of the paper.

Data release policy: Genotypes for the NIMH control samples have been submitted to the NIMH Genetics Repository and are available under the usual data release policies. Genotypes for the STEP-BD case samples will be submitted to the NIMH repository and will be available for release using the same mechanism.

Author contribution statement

Writing group: Sklar P, Fan J, Gurling HM, Smoller JW, Ogdie MN, Nimgaonkar VL, Daly MJ and Purcell SM.

Project management: Sklar P, Smoller JW, Nimgaonkar VL, Scolnick EM and Gurling HM.

Clinical characterization and phenotypes: Smoller JW, Nimgaonkar VL, Perlis RH, Thase ME, Sachs GS, Faraone SV, Muir WJ, McGhee KA, MacIntyre DM, McLean A, VanBeck M, Blackwood DH, McQuillin A, Bass NJ, Robinson M, Lawrence J, Anjorin A, Curtis D and Gurling HM.

DNA sample QC and replication genotyping: Fan J, Chambert K, Franklin J and Ardlie KG.

Whole-genome genotyping: Gabriel SB, Chambert K, Gates C, Blumensteil B, Defelice M and Sougnez C.

Analytic group: Purcell SM, Ferreira MAR, Fan J, Smoller JW, Perlis RH, McQueen MB, Todd-Brown K, de Bakker PIW, Daly MJ and Sklar P.

Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Molecular Psychiatry website (http://www.nature.com/mp)

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sklar, P., Smoller, J., Fan, J. et al. Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder.Mol Psychiatry 13, 558–569 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002151

Download citation

• Received: 24 September 2007
• Revised: 13 December 2007
• Accepted: 14 December 2007
• Published: 04 March 2008
• Issue Date: June 2008
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002151

Keywords