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/ɪnvάɪrən(米国英語), envάɪrən(英国英語)/

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environ

音節 en・vi・ron 発音記号・読み方 /ɪnvάɪrən, en‐, ‐vάɪɚn｜‐vάɪərən/ 発音を聞く

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environ

動詞

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environ

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/05/19 21:51 UTC 版)

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɪnˈvaɪɹən/, /ɛn-/
• (General American) IPA: /ɪnˈvaɪ(ə)ɹən/, /ɛn-/
• 韻: -aɪɹən
• ハイフネーション: en‧vir‧on

語源 1

From 中期英語 enviroun (“round about in a circle or ring; all around”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman enviroun, environ [and other forms], and Middle French enviroun, environ [and other forms], from Old French environ (“around, surrounding; about, approximately, roughly”) (modern French environ), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’) + viron (“circuit; circumference, compass; country round about”) (though first attested later) (from virer (“to bear, turn, veer”) (either from Latin gȳrō (“to turn in a circle, rotate; to circle, revolve around”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve; an arch, vault”)), or from Latin vibrō (“to hurl, launch; shake; to tremble, vibrate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyb-, *weyp- (“to shake; to tremble; to sway, swing; to rotate, turn, wind, wrap (around)”))) + -on (augmentative suffix)).

副詞

environ (not comparable) (obsolete)

1. In the neighbourhood; around.
   Synonyms: round, round about
   • c. 1519 (date written), [John Rastell], A New Iuterlude [sic] and a Mery of the Nature of the .IIII. Element[s...]; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, The Nature of the Four Elements (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), London, Edinburgh: […] T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC, signature Aij:
   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Second Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 80, page 35:
2. Almost, nearly.

語源 2

From 中期英語 envirounen, enviroun (“to surround in a circle or ring, or on the perimeter; to beset, besiege; to cover, enclose, envelop; to provide a setting or surrounding to; to move in a circle; to move around the perimeter; to go, move, or wander about (a place); to fill or pervade (a place); to run all the way through”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman envirouner [and other forms], Middle French environner, and Old French environner (“to arrange in a circle; to circumnavigate, travel around; to traverse, wander around; to encircle, encompass, surround”) [and other forms] (modern French environner), from environ (adverb) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming verbs).

動詞

environ (third-person singular simple present environs, present participle environing, simple past and past participle environed) (transitive)

1. To encircle or surround (someone or something).
   Synonym: (obsolete) belay
   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], signature [E4], verso:
   • c. 1610 (date written), John Denton, “Burgh Barony”, in R[ichard] S[aul] Ferguson, editor, An Accompt of the Most Considerable Estates and Families in the County of Cumberland, from the Conquest unto the Beginning of the Reign of K. James [the First], Kendal, Cumbria: T. Wilson, published 1887, →OCLC, page 76:
   • 1858 May 23, Theodore Parker, “[Prayer] XXX”, in Prayers, Boston, Mass.: Walker, Wise, and Company, published 1862, →OCLC, page 148:
   • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 1, column 1:
   1. (often military) To encircle or surround (someone or something) so as to attack from all sides; to beset.
      Synonyms: beleaguer, besiege
      • 1579, Plutarke of Chæronea [i.e., Plutarch], “The Life of Philopœmen”, in Thomas North, transl., The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romaines, […], London: […] Richard Field, →OCLC, page 406:
      • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 152, column 2:
   2. (heraldry, chiefly passive voice, obsolete) To encircle or surround (a heraldic element such as a charge or escutcheon (shield)).
      Synonyms: envelop, entwist, enwrap
      • 1874, John W[oody] Papworth, “1 ANNULET betw. or within … and in chief …”, in Alfred W. Morant, editor, An Alphabetical Dictionary of Coats of Arms Belonging to Families in Great Britain and Ireland; […], London: T. Richards, […], →OCLC, page 4, column 2:
2. To cover, enclose, or envelop (someone or something).
   Synonym: (obsolete) belay
   • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Fifteenth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 33, page 273:
   • 1602 (first performance), Thomas Dickers [i.e., Thomas Dekker], Iohn Webster [i.e., John Webster], The Famous History of Sir Thomas Wyat. […], London: […] E[dward] A[llde] for Thomas Archer, […], published 1607, →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, The Famous History of Sir Thomas Wyat (The Tudor Facsimile Texts; 22), [Amersham, Buckinghamshire: s.n.], 1914, →OCLC, signature [A4], recto:
   • a. 1631 (date written; published 1635), J[ohn] Donne, “Eleg[y] XIIII. His Parting from Her.”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for John Marriot, […], published 1639, →OCLC, page 95:
   • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter X, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 268:
3. Followed by from: to hide or shield (someone or something).
4. (chiefly passive voice) Of a person: to be positioned or stationed around (someone or something) to attend to or protect them.
   • 1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, “[The XXVI. Booke.] Chapter VIII. Whiles Valens is Farre Removed by Occasion of Warre against the Gothes, Procopius Putting Forward His Intended Businesse, is by Tumultuarie Acclamations Saluted Emperour.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Roman Historie, […], London: […] Adam Jslip, →OCLC, page 293:
   • 1675, Joshua Stopford, “Altars”, in Pagano-papismus: Or, An Exact Parallel Between Rome-pagan, and Rome-Christian, in Their Doctrines and Ceremonies, London: […] A. Maxwell, for R. Clavel, […], →OCLC, page 75:
5. (figuratively) Of a situation or state of affairs, especially danger or trouble: to happen to and affect (someone or something).
   • 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto III.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 59:
   • 1796, [Frances Burney], “Traits of Eccentricity”, in Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth. […], volume III, London: […] T[homas] Payne, […]; and T[homas] Cadell Jun. and W[illiam] Davies (successors to Mr. [Thomas] Cadell) […], →OCLC, book VI, page 384:
6. (obsolete)
   1. To amount to or encompass (a space).
      • 1614, Samuel Purchas, “[Asia.] Of the Philippina’s.”, in Purchas His Pilgrimage. Or Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages and Places Discouered, from the Creation vnto this Present. […], 2nd edition, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, book V (Of the East-Indies, and of the Seas and Ilands about Asia, with Their Religions), page 535:
   2. To travel completely around (a place or thing); to circumnavigate.

Conjugation

派生語

• disenviron (rare)
• environed (adjective)
• environer (archaic)
• environing (adjective, noun)
• unenvironed

関連する語

• enviro
• enviro-
• environment
• environmental
• environmentalism
• environmentalist
• environmentally
• Enviropig

名詞

environ (plural environs)

1. (archaic except in the plural, formal, also figuratively) A surrounding area or place (especially of an urban settlement); an environment.
   • 1654 August 27 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 17 August 1654]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 286:
   • 1811, [Jane Austen], chapter XIX, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume I, London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 235:
   • 1823 April 14, Lord Byron, “Letter DXIV. To the Earl of B**.”, in Thomas Moore, editor, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: With Notices of His Life, […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], published 1830, →OCLC, page 640:

派生語

• environage (archaic)
• environal
• environry (obsolete, rare)

参照

1. ^ “envīrǒun, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
2. ^ “† environ, adv. and prep.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2021.
3. ^ “envīrǒunen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
4. ^ “environ, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2022; “environ, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
5. ^ “environ, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, March 2022.

Further reading

• surroundings on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• environ (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “environ”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “environ”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “environ”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

environ.

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2010/08/18 20:18 UTC 版)

動詞

to environ (三人称単数 現在形 environs, 現在分詞 environing, 過去形および過去分詞形 environed)

1. To surround; to encircle.
   • 1673, John Milton, “I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs”:
     I did but prompt the age to quit their cloggs
     By the known rules of antient libertie,
     When strait a barbarous noise environs me
     Of Owles and Cuckoes, Asses, Apes and Doggs.

外部リンク

• environ in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• environ in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• environ at OneLook Dictionary Search

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Environ

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/03/27 07:47 UTC 版)

英語による解説

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