Exemplum - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

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発音記号・読み方

/ɪˈgzɛmplʌm(米国英語), ɪˈgzemplʌm(英国英語)/

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exemplum

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exemplum

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/05 01:35 UTC 版)

語源

Ultimately from eximō (“to take out, take away”), itself from ex +‎ emō. Hypothesized to go back to *exem-lom, with epenthesis turning *-ml- into -mpl-; another possible example of this change is amplus. However, Leumann 1977 argues the use of voiceless -p- rather than voiced -b- as the epenthetic consonant is unusual, and suggests it may have been influenced somehow by exēmptus. Compare templum.

Possibly compare also instrument nouns ending in -ulum, such as capulum, dēcipulum, speculum. It is debated whether the ending in these comes from pre-Latin *-elom, the neuter form of the agent noun suffix *-elos (Classical Latin -ulus), or from the Proto-Indo-European instrument noun suffix *-tlom (which normally became Latin -culum, but which may have alternatively developed to -ulum after stop consonants).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɛkˈsɛm.pɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eɡˈzɛm.plum]
• ハイフネーション: ex‧em‧plum

名詞

exemplum n (genitive exemplī); second declension

1. a sample, example
2. (in particular) a warning example, deterrent
   Synonyms: documentum, monitus
   esse in exemplō ― to serve as a warning
3. torture, exemplary penalty, chastisement
   Synonyms: cruciātus, pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, supplicium, sanctio, vindicātiō, pretium, animadversus, malum
4. deed, memorable circumstance
5. precedent, case, custom
   Synonyms: mos, solitum, usus
6. depiction, paint
7. confrontation, comparison
8. a copy or transcript

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• exemplar
• exemplāris
• exemplī causā
• exemplī grātiā (abbreviated e.g.)
• exemplī locō
• exemplō

派生した語

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: scempio
  • Sicilian: scempru

Borrowings:

• → Albanian: shembull
• → Alemannic German: Xämpeli
• → Aragonese: eixemplo
• → Asturian: exemplu
• → Catalan: exemple
• → Franco-Provençal: ègzempllo
• → Friulian: esempli
• → Italian: esempio (semi-learned)
• → Ladino: enshemplo, egzempyo
• → Ligurian: ezénpio
• → Middle High German: exempel
  • German: Exempel
• → Occitan: exemple
• → Old French: essainple (see there for further descendants)
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: exemplo, eixemplo
  • Galician: exemplo
  • Portuguese: exemplo
• → Romansh: exempel
• → Romanian: exemplu
• → Sicilian: asempiu, esempiu, isempiu, sempiu (italianized)
• → Spanish: ejemplo
• → Swedish: exempel
• → Venetan: exenpio (semi-learned)
  • → Cimbrian: ezèmpien
• → Welsh: esiampl

参照

1. ^ Lindsay, W. M. (1894), The Latin Language, page 269
2. ↑ Leumann, Manu; Hofmann, Johann Baptist; Szantyr, Anton (1977), Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, § 216.a, 383.1.b, pages 213, 311
3. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 40, 189
4. ^ Ranjan Sen (2015), Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 137, 188

Further reading

• “exemplum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• exemplum in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, columns 2539–2542
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “exemplum”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “exemplum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 622.
• Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “exemplum”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎, 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Latino-Sinicum, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [_Logeion_] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• "EXEMPLUM", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “exemplum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• exemplum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a good,[1] brilliant example; a striking example: exemplum clarum, praeclarum
  • a good, brilliant example; a striking example: exemplum luculentum
  • a good, brilliant example; a striking example: exemplum illustre
  • a weighty example, precedent: exemplum magnum, grande
  • to quote an example: exemplum afferre
  • to quote an example: exemplo uti
  • to cite a person or a thing as an example: aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare
  • to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
  • to demonstrate by instances: aliquid exemplis ostendere
  • to borrow instances from history: exempla petere, repetere a rerum gestarum memoria or historiarum (annalium, rerum gestarum) monumentis
  • examples taken from Roman (Greek) history: exempla a rerum Romanarum (Graecarum) memoria petita
  • to collect, accumulate instances: multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere
  • to choose one from a large number of instances: ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
  • to quote Socrates as a model of virtue: a Socrate exemplum virtutis petere, repetere
  • standard and pattern: auctoritas et exemplum (Balb. 13. 31)
  • to set up some one as one's ideal, model: sibi exemplum alicuius proponere ad imitandum or simply sibi aliquem ad imitandum proponere
  • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
  • to shape one's conduct after another's model: ad exemplum alicuius se conformare
  • to set an example: exemplum edere, prodere
  • to set an example: exemplo esse
  • to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one: exemplum in aliquo or in aliquem statuere
  • to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one: exemplum (severitatis) edere in aliquo (Q. Fr. 1. 2. 2. 5)
  • the text of the author (not textus): verba, oratio, exemplum scriptoris
  • a letter, the tenor of which is..: litterae hoc exemplo (Att. 9. 6. 3)

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Exemplum

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/02/21 20:37 UTC 版)

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