o-. - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)

-o

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/19 01:38 UTC 版)

発音

語源 1

Originally a special use of the interjection O or oh appended to street cries and nautical calls to project a hail or shout (as in milk-oh, smoke-oh, and sail-ho). Its later use as a colloquializing noun suffix, particularly prominent in Australian English, developed from the substantivation of these cries (e.g., smoko), reinforced by early nautical adaptations of Mediterranean Lingua Franca or pseudo‐Spanish words (such as guardo). As noted by the Australian National Dictionary, this vocative “hailing” origin naturally led to its frequent attachment to personal names to form nicknames (e.g., John‐o, Jacko).

Some senses may also derive from o (“one”), from 中期英語 o, oo, a variant of a, on, oon, an (“one”). See one and -y.

使用する際の注意点

Occasionally, the terminal consonant of the clipped form is doubled for clarity of pronunciation, as with uggo and doggo. It sometimes does change the meaning of words, usually by being applied to adjectives to indicate a person with a pronounced trait, as with weirdo (“weird person”), or to nouns used metonymously to indicate a person with a pronounced connection to the other object, as with wino (“poor or vagrant alcoholic”). Especially in American English, some uses of this suffix are understood as dated slang, as with bucko and neato. The suffix is most frequently and widely encountered in Australian English, which has additional uses (such as rego for registration and nasho for national service) that are never or only extremely rarely encountered in other dialects.

Its meaning is very similar to some uses of -y and its use is particularly common where use of -y might cause misunderstanding, as with randy and rando, journey and journo, whiny and wino. However, unlike -y, the -o suffix typically lacks a diminutive connotation, conveying instead a robust, rowdy, or familiar tone owing to its origins as a shouted hail.

派生語

接尾辞

-o

  1. (humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko.
派生語

派生語

接尾辞

-o

  1. (Anglian, Kentish) alternative form of -e, as used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs
  2. alternative form of -u

発音

語源 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-ō, *-on-, perhaps (controversially) merged with "Hoffmann's suffix" *-h₃ō, *-h₃onh₂-; in Latin, the vowel length of nominative ō was made common to all cases. Etymologically, it forms part of the abstract noun suffixes -iō f, -tiō f. Non-abstract nouns ending in the suffix -ō, -ōnis are typically masculine.

The ending -ō, -inis, with short -i- in the oblique stem because of ablaut, is not a productive suffix by itself in historical Latin. However, it appears as the final component of various productive feminine noun suffixes: -āgō f, -īgō f, -ūgō f, -tūdō f, -ēdō f (e.g. dulcēdō, dulcēdinis f). There are also a handful of nouns where -ō, -inis is directly attached to a verbal root, such as prōpāgō, prōpāginis f; compāgō, compāginis f; aspergō, asperginis f; offendō, *offendinis f. Finally, -ō, -inis appears as an ending in some nouns, masculine and feminine, that effectively function as simple, underived words in Latin: e.g. margō, marginis m or f; virgō, virginis f; cardō, cardinis m.

接尾辞

-ō m (genitive -ōnis); third declension

  1. Used to form masculine nouns with various meanings:
    1. forms nouns, often colloquial or pejorative, designating a type of person.
      ‎cōci- + ‎-ō → ‎cōciō m (“broker”)
      ‎centuria (“century”) + ‎-ō → ‎centuriō m (“centurion”)
      1. attached to verb stems, forms agent nouns
        Synonyms: -a¹, -tor
        ‎combibere (“to drink together”) + ‎-ō → ‎combibō m (“drinking buddy”)
        ‎vāpulāre (“to get beaten”) + ‎-ō → ‎vāpulō m (“who gets frequently flogged”)
        ‎errāre (“to wander, roam”) + ‎-ō → ‎errō m (“wanderer, vagabond”)
      2. attached to noun stems, forms nicknames meaning "one who has a prominent (or overly large)"
        ‎caput (“head”) + ‎-ō → ‎capitō m (“one who has a (too) large head”)
      3. attached to noun stems, forms nouns meaning "dealer in" or "worker in"
        Synonym: -ārius
        ‎linteum (“linen”) + ‎-ō → ‎linteō m (“one who deals in or works with linen”)
        ‎restis (“rope”) + ‎-ō → ‎restiō m (“one who makes or sells rope”)
    2. also forms names, especially cognomina.
      ‎aquila (“eagle”) + ‎-ō → ‎Aquilō (“the North wind”)
      ‎incubāre (“to lie on top”) + ‎-ō → ‎Incubō (“a spirit that watches over buried treasures”)
      ‎cūria (“curia”) + ‎-ō → ‎Cūriō
      ‎cicer (“chickpea”) + ‎-ō → ‎Cicerō
      ‎vārus (“bow-legged”) + ‎-ō → ‎Varrō
      ‎catus (“clever, shrewd”) + ‎-ō → ‎Catō
      ‎conger (“sea-eel”) + ‎-ō → ‎Congriō (“name of a cook in Plautus”)
    3. (Late Latin) also added as an ending to some inanimate nouns.
      ‎cōleus (“testicle”) + ‎-ō → ‎cōleō m (“testicle”)
語形変化

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative -ō -ōnēs
genitive -ōnis -ōnum
dative -ōnī -ōnibus
accusative -ōnem -ōnēs
ablative -ōne -ōnibus
vocative -ō -ōnēs
派生語
派生した語

参照

派生語

参照

語源 3

From Proto-Italic *-āō, from denominative verbs with *-eh₂-yé-ti, in which the first person singular ends in *-eh₂-yóh₂ > intermediate phase **-ājō with accent shift > Proto-Italic *-āō (e.g., laudō, dōnō, pugnō, cūrō). Cognates of the whole first conjugation in the present in Latin and Proto-Italic include Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną), Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit), Proto-Celtic *-āti and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

Etymologically, this denominative suffix was not used to form all first-conjugation verbs. It can be distinguished in origin from the following types that happened to fall together with it phonetically:

派生語
派生した語

(from infinitive -āre:)

参照

語源 4

Some third-conjugation verbs show a shift to the first declension in composition, such as pellō, pellere vs. -pellō, -pellāre (in compellō, compellāre and interpellō, interpellāre) or sternō, sternere vs. cōnsternō, cōnsternāre. Schrijver (1991) derives the simplex third-conjugation versions from nasal presents in *-n-H-ti of the type *tl-n-h₂-ti > *tl̥năti > tollit (arguing that Proto-Indo-European present forms in *-né-H-ti, showing the full grade of the suffix, were replaced by paradigmatic leveling) and proposes that the compounds were derived by addition of the thematic suffix *-ye-/-yo- to *-nă-, forming *-năye-/-năyo-. In this case, the Proto-Italic form would be *-aō. Traditionally, these compound verbs in -āre were explained as "intensive" forms alongside cases like occupō, occupāre, but Schrijver argues that the latter are clearly denominative while the former are clearly not.

派生語

参照

  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 411

接尾辞

-ō f (genitive -ōnis); third declension

  1. form feminine equivalents of given names of central Dalmatia
    ‎Aplis m + ‎-o → ‎Aplo f
    ‎Baezus m + ‎-o → ‎Baezo f
    ‎Dasant- m + ‎-o → ‎Dasto f
    ‎Ditus m + ‎-o → ‎Dito f
    ‎Paius m + ‎-o → ‎Paio f
    ‎Vendes m + ‎-o → ‎Vendo f

参照

参考

-o-

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/18 23:02 UTC 版)

接合辞

-o-

  1. A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.
派生語

接辞

-o-

  1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source
関連する語
参照

Further reading

語源

Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-), often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as μητρόπολις (mētrópolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin.

The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the Renaissance. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.

接合辞

-o-

  1. (post-classical Latin) Suffix forming nominal compounds
    ‎_Anglus_ (“Angle, English”) + ‎-o- + ‎saxonicus (“Saxon”) → ‎_anglosaxonicus_ (“Anglo-Saxon”)

派生語

O

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/22 21:43 UTC 版)

語源 1

名詞

O (plural Os or O's)

  1. Something shaped like the letter O.
  2. (uncountable) A blood type that lacks A or B antigens and may only receive transfusions of similar type O blood, but may donate to all (neglecting Rh factor). Synonym: universal donor.
参考

不変化詞

O

  1. The vocative particle, used for direct address.
    O Death! O Death! Won't you spare me over till another year? - part of the refrain from the American folk song "A Conversation with Death".
使用する際の注意点
参考

発音

固有名詞

O

  1. A surname from Mandarin Chinese.
  2. Alternative form of E (Ancient Chinese Kingdom)

発音

形容詞

O (not comparable)

  1. (Singapore, colloquial, used as a modifier after kopi (“coffee”) or teh (“tea”)) With sugar and no condensed milk added.
    • 2003, Ixus, soc.culture.singapore‎ (Usenet):

使用する際の注意点

参考

O'

O.

o-

‐o‐

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2011/04/03 00:33 UTC 版)

接合辞

-o-

  1. (In coining neologisms) A vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, often of Ancient Greek origin, in order to ease pronunciation, as in blogosphere
  2. A vowel inserted interconsonantally between two existing words or abbreviated words, indicating a concept that will incorporate both meanings, as in socioeconomic or psychosexual

接合辞

-o-

  1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source
関連する語
参照

Latin

語源

Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek, often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as (whence democracy), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as (whence metropolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin. The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the 16th century. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.

接合辞

-o-

  1. (post-classical Latin) suffix forming nominal compounds (such as gallograecus "Gallo-Greek", from gallicus "Gallic" かつ graecus "Greek")