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usque

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/11/05 11:11 UTC 版)

語源

From Proto-Italic *ū̆skʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *úds-kʷe, from *úd-s (“out, outward”, genitive) +‎ *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Sanskrit उच्चा (uccā́), Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬯𐬗𐬀 (usca, “up, out”), Russian вы- (vy-, “out from”), Proto-Germanic *ūt, English out.

However, cf. Lewis & Short, which says: usquĕ, adv. [us- for ubs-, from ubi with locative s; and que for qued, old abl. of quis; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 471; 838; cf.: quisque, usquam].

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊs.kʷɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈus.kʷe]
• De Vaan 2008 notes conflicting evidence of length in Romance descendants and argues this is most consistent with an originally long vowel, which may go back to a Proto-Indo-European *ūd (also continued in Germanic and Slavic). In contrast, Buck 1913 argues for a short vowel. Per Buck, the only Romance evidence for ū is French forms, but Old French included variants such as enjosque, josque that seem to point towards ŭ; Buck suggests that the form jusque that ultimately prevailed in French might have had an analogical origin. Malkiel 1983 likewise supports the interpretation that u in Old French enjusque had an analogical origin, with the vowel taken from sus (“above”) < sūrsum; compare Old French jus (“down”) < iūsum, with analogical alteration of the original vowel in deorsum.
• The first syllable of usque is found scanned short in resolution in Plautus' Truculentus and in Terence's Heauton Timorumenos, which would be congenial to the vowel being short by nature.

副詞

usque (not comparable)

1. constantly, continuously
2. (used with ab (“from”) or ad (“to”)) as far as, up to, right until, all the way
   • (Can we date this quote?), Latin Vulgate translation of Psalm 71:8; Canadian national motto

派生語

• abusque (“all the way from”)
• adusque (“all the way to”)
• usquequāque (“everywhere”)

派生した語

• Old French: enjosque, enjusque, enjesque, josque, jusque
  • French: jusque
• Occitan: duscas

参照

1. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ū̆sque”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 646
2. ^ Buck, Carl D. (1913), “Hidden Quantities again”, in The Classical Review, volume 27, number 4, pages 125-126
3. ^ Malkiel, Yakov (1983), From Particular to General Linguistics: Selected Essays 1965-1978, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 302
4. ^ Harm Pinkster (2015), The Oxford Latin Syntax, volume 1. The Simple Clause, page 837
5. ^ Harm Pinkster (2015), The Oxford Latin Syntax, volume 1. The Simple Clause, page 1229
6. ^ Clifford, Arthur ((Can we date this quote?)), An Introduction to the Latin Language‎, Oxford
7. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853), Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 243-244

Further reading

• “usque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “usque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “usque”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine: haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum
  • from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
• usque in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “usque”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 14: U–Z, page 73

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