李 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 季

Stroke order

李 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 40407, composition ⿱木子)

• 𭇶, 𣵎, 𣒶, 𦁝, 𪴏, 𦰁
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
• Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 8
• Unihan data for U+674E
• Unihan data for U+F9E1

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------- | | 孜 | *ʔslɯ | | 仔 | *ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ | | 孖 | *ʔslɯ, *zlɯs | | 子 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 虸 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 耔 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 秄 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 杍 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 籽 | *ʔslɯʔ | | 字 | *zlɯs | | 茡 | *zlɯs | | 芓 | *zlɯs | | 牸 | *zlɯs | | 李 | *rɯʔ |

Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯʔ): phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “wheat”) + semantic 子. The phonetic part 來 became gradually corrupted to yield 木 (“tree”).

Shuowen erroneously remarks that this is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯʔ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): lǐ (li3)
  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni3
  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lī
  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): lǐ
  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ли (li, II)
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lei5 / lei5-2
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lei2
• Gan (Wiktionary): li3
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): lí
  (Hailu, HRS): liˊ
  (Meixian, Guangdong): li3
• Jin (Wiktionary): li2
• Northern Min (KCR): sā̤ / lǐ
• Eastern Min (BUC): lī
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li3
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): lí
  (Teochew, Peng'im): li2
  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): li2
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li3

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
    * Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
    * Wade–Giles: li3
    * Yale: lǐ
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
    * Palladius: ли (li)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
  • (Xi'an)
    * Guanzhong Pinyin: lī
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    * Nanjing Pinyin: lǐ
    * Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): li3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li¹¹/
  • (Dungan)
    * Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ли (li, II)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/

  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: lei5 / lei5-2
    * Yale: léih / léi
    * Cantonese Pinyin: lei5 / lei5-2
    * Guangdong Romanization: léi5 / léi5-2
    * Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/, /lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

Note: lei5-2 - plum (fruit).

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: lei2
    * Sinological IPA (key): /lei⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: li3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lí
    * Hakka Romanization System: liˋ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: li3
    * Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    * Hakka Romanization System: liˊ
    * Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: li3
    * Sinological IPA: /li³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: li2
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sā̤ / lǐ
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sɛ⁵⁵/, /li²¹/

Note:

• sā̤ - vernacular (plum);

• lǐ - literary (surname).

• Eastern Min

  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
    * Sinological IPA (key): /l̃i³³/

• Puxian Min

  • (Putian)
    * Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
    * Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lî
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    * Pouseng Ping'ing: li3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li³³²/

• Southern Min

  • (Hokkien)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
    * Tâi-lô: lí
    * Phofsit Daibuun: lie
    * IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴/
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
    * IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: li2
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lí
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵²/
  • (Leizhou)
    * Leizhou Pinyin: li2
    * Sinological IPA: /li³¹/

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 6li
    * MiniDict: li去
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3li
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

• Xiang

  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: li3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /li⁴¹/

• Dialectal data

• Middle Chinese: liX

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rəʔ/
  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/

李

1. plum (tree and fruit)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 理 (lǐ, “judge; justice”)
3. a surname, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing
   李白 ― Lǐ Bái ― Li Bai (Li Bo) (Tang dynasty poet)
   李連杰／李连杰 [Cantonese] ― lei5 lin4 git6 [Jyutping] ― Jet Li (Li Lianjie or Li Yangzhong)

In mainland China and among its expatriates, this surname is generally romanized as "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity in pronunciation to the English surname makes the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and elsewhere. A notable example of this is Bruce Lee.

Dialectal synonyms of 李子 (“plum”) [map]

• → English: Li, Lee

• → German: Li

• → Tagalog: Dy, Dee (via Hokkien)

• 僵李代桃

• 公門桃李 / 公门桃李

• 凡桃俗李

• 呼張喚李 / 呼张唤李

• 夭桃穠李 / 夭桃秾李

• 夭桃襛李 / 夭桃𰳺李

• 小李

• 張三李四 / 张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)

• 張冠李戴 / 张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)

• 張王李趙 / 张王李赵 (Zhāng-Wáng-Lǐ-Zhào)

• 投桃報李 / 投桃报李 (tóutáobàolǐ)

• 方桃譬李

• 李下

• 李下無蹊 / 李下无蹊

• 李下瓜田 (lǐxiàguātián)

• 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)

• 李劉馬夏 / 李刘马夏

• 李唐 (Lǐtáng)

• 李埠 (Lǐbù)

• 李子 (lǐzi)

• 李家河 (Lǐjiāhé)

• 李富莊 / 李富庄 (Lǐfùzhuāng)

• 李寨 (Lǐzhài)

• 李店 (Lǐdiàn)

• 李廟 / 李庙 (Lǐmiào)

• 李廣射虎 / 李广射虎

• 李廣難封 / 李广难封

• 李思訓碑 / 李思训碑

• 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)

• 李榨 (Lǐzhà)

• 李樓 / 李楼 (Lǐlóu)

• 李灘 / 李滩 (Lǐtān)

• 李灣 / 李湾 (Lǐwān)

• 李爾王 / 李尔王

• 李耳

• 李膺門 / 李膺门

• 李郭同舟

• 李集 (Lǐjí)

• 李靖

• 桃來李答 / 桃来李答

• 桃李 (táolǐ)

• 桃李之教

• 桃李滿門 / 桃李满门 (táolǐmǎnmén)

• 桃李爭妍 / 桃李争妍

• 桃李爭輝 / 桃李争辉

• 桃李門牆 / 桃李门墙

• 檇李 / 槜李

• 歐李 / 欧李

• 正冠李下

• 比張比李 / 比张比李

• 沉李浮瓜

• 浮瓜沉李

• 濃桃豔李 / 浓桃艳李

• 牛李黨爭 / 牛李党争

• 瓜李之嫌

• 瓜田李下 (guātiánlǐxià)

• 色豔桃李 / 色艳桃李

• 苦李

• 華李 / 华李 (Huálǐ)

• 行李 (xínglǐ)

• 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)

• 行李袋

• 西李灣 / 西李湾 (Xīlǐwān)

• 豔如桃李 / 艳如桃李

• 賣李鑽核 / 卖李钻核

• 趙李橋 / 赵李桥 (Zhàolǐqiáo)

• 道傍李

• 道傍苦李

• 郁李 (yùlǐ)

• 鐵拐李 / 铁拐李

• 門牆桃李 / 门墙桃李

• 魏李 (Wèilǐ)

• “李”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

• “李”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

李

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

• Go-on: り (ri)
• Kan-on: り (ri)
• Kun: すもも (sumomo, 李)
• Nanori: もも (momo)、_い_ (i)
• 行(こう)李(り) (kōri)

Compound of 酸 (su, “vinegar; sour”) +‎ 桃 (momo, “peach”).[1][2]

• (Tokyo) すもも [sùmómó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA(key): [sɨmo̞mo̞]

李(すもも) or 李(スモモ) • (sumomo)

1. plum (Prunus salicina)

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スモモ.

• 西洋(せいよう)李(すもも) (seiyō sumomo), 西洋(せいよう)酸(す)桃(もも) (seiyō sumomo)
• 紅(べに)葉(ば)李(すもも) (beniba sumomo)
• 干(ほ)し李(すもも) (hoshi sumomo)

From Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).

• IPA(key): [ɾʲi]

李(り) • (ri)

1. plum

• 李花(りか) (rika)
• 李下(りか) (rika)
• 回(かい)李(り), 廻(かい)李(り) (kairi)
• 桃(とう)李(り) (tōri)

李(リ) or 李(り) • (Ri)

1. Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname

李(リー) or 李(りい) • (Rī)

1. Japanese reading of the Chinese surname

李(イ) or 李(い) • (I)

1. Japanese reading of the South Korean surname

• 李(り)朝(ちょう) (Richō)
• 李詩(りし) (rishi)

1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• Entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
• Entry at Gogen Allguide (in Japanese)

From Middle Chinese 李 (MC liX).

• (initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [이**(ː)**]
    * Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
• (non-initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
  • Phonetic hangul: [리]

Wikisource

李 (eumhun 오얏나무 리 (oyannamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 오얏나무 이 (oyannamu i))

1. hanja form? of 리/이 (“Lee, the second most common Korean surname”)
2. (literary) hanja form? of 리/이 (“plum tree”)

This hanja is spelled 이 (i) in South Korea due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).

• 도리 (桃李, dori)

• 우리 (牛李, uri)

• 욱리 (郁李, ungni)

• 이관/리관 (李官, igwan/rigwan)

• 이하부정관/리하부정관 (李下不整冠, ihabujeonggwan/rihabujeonggwan)

• 이화/리화 (李花, ihwa/rihwa)

• 저리 (楮李, jeori)

• 행리 (行李, haengni)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

李: Hán Nôm readings: lí, lý

李

1. chữ Hán form of lý/lí (“Syzygium jambos”).

李

1. chữ Hán form of Lý/Lí (“a surname from Chinese”).
   李公蘊 ― Lý Công Uẩn

• Nom Foundation