蝴蝶 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

| | | butterfly | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | | trad. (蝴蝶) | 蝴 | 蝶 | | simp. #(蝴蝶) | 蝴 | 蝶 | | 2nd round simp. | 胡蛈 | | | alternative forms | 胡蝶 obsolete | |

From Middle Chinese *ɦuo dep (first syllable unstressed), from Old Chinese *ɡaː l'eːb, derived from a proto-form of *kʰleːp ~ *ɦleːp, a prefixed form of the root *lep (“butterfly”), which was also the source of.

• Tibetan ཕྱེ་མ་ལེབ (phye ma leb, “butterfly”) and
• Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra, “butterfly”).

Variants of 胡蝶 / 蝴蝶, representing different developments from the proto-form, including disyllabification, fricativisation of the voiceless initial, etc.:

蝶 (OC *l'eːb), 蜨 (OC *seːb), 胡蜨 / 蝴蜨 (OC *ɡaː seːb), 蛺蝶 (OC *keːb l'eːb), 蛺蜨 (OC *keːb seːb).

There are different theories regarding the original meaning of the root *lep:

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljap (“thin; flat; flat object”), represented by the phonetic element 枼 (OC *leb) in Chinese. Related to 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb, “leaf”), 牒 (OC *l'eːb, “official document < plank”), Tibetan ལེབ་ལེབ (leb leb, “flat; level”), ལེབ་མོ (leb mo, “flat”) and Burmese လှပ် (hlap, “thin”). See 枼 for more.
• Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ljap (“lightning; flash; glitter”) (Matisoff, 2003), whence also 燁 (OC *ɢʷab, *ɢʷɯb, “gleaming”), 熠 (OC *ɢrub, *lub, “flashing”) and Burmese လျှပ် (hlyap, “(of light) to strike; to shine; lightning”). Compare Malay kerlap (“to flash; to glisten, as the wings of flying butterflies”), and Tagalog kislap ("to sparkle").

Alternatively, Sun (1999) proposes that 蝴蝶 is a fission reduplication of two cognate bases, the former being more likely:

• 挾 (OC *ɡeːb, “to press from both sides; to carry something under one's arms”), alluding to the flapping motion of the butterfly's wings, or
• 夾 (OC *kreːb, “pincers”), from the way the butterfly holds its wings erect when not flying.

Compare Proto-Austronesian *kali-, *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world, including “butterfly”).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): húdié
  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄧㄝˊ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu2 die2
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu4 dip6-2 / wu4 dip6
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): vu3 iap5
• Gan (Wiktionary): fu4 tiet
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fu2 tiab6
• Jin (Wiktionary): hu1 dieh5
• Eastern Min (BUC): hù-diĕk
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): ô͘-tia̍p / hô͘-tia̍p
  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu5 diab8
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6wu-diq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu2 tie6

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: húdié
    * Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄧㄝˊ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: húdié
    * Wade–Giles: hu2-tieh2
    * Yale: hú-dyé
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwudye
    * Palladius: худе (xude)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /xu³⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (蝴蝶兒 / 蝴蝶儿)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: húdiér
    * Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄉㄧㄝˊㄦ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: húdiér
    * Wade–Giles: hu2-tieh2-ʼrh
    * Yale: hú-dyér
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwudye'l
    * Palladius: худер (xuder)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /xu³⁵ ti̯ɛɻ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: fu2 die2
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu die
    * Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹ tiɛ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
    * Jyutping: wu4 dip6-2 / wu4 dip6
    * Yale: wùh díp / wùh dihp
    * Cantonese Pinyin: wu4 dip9-2 / wu4 dip9
    * Guangdong Romanization: wu4 dib6-2 / wu4 dib6
    * Sinological IPA (key): /wuː²¹ tiːp̚²⁻³⁵/, /wuː²¹ tiːp̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: vu3 iap5
    * Sinological IPA (key): /vu²² iap̚³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: fu4 tiet
    * Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵ tʰiɛt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: fu2 tiab6
    * Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹ tʰiap̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: hu1 dieh5
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹ tiəʔ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: hù-diĕk
    * Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lieʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Hsinchu)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘-tia̍p
    * Tâi-lô: ôo-tia̍p
    * Phofsit Daibuun: o'diap
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³⁻²² tiap̚¹²¹/
    * IPA (Yilan): /ɔ²⁴⁻³³ tiap̚⁵/
    * IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ²⁴⁻²² tiap̚⁴/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ²⁴⁻²² tiap̚²⁴/
    * IPA (Taipei): /ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘-tia̍p
    * Tâi-lô: hôo-tia̍p
    * Phofsit Daibuun: ho'diap
    * IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiap̚⁴/
    * IPA (Singapore): /hɔ²⁴⁻²¹ tiap̚⁴³/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³⁻³³ tiap̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: hu5 diab8
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hû tia̍p
    * Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiap̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 6wu-diq
    * MiniDict: wu去 dih
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhu-diq
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² diɪʔ⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: fu2 tie6
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ɸu¹³ tʰi̯e̞²⁴/

• Middle Chinese: hu dep

• Old Chinese
  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː l'eːb/

蝴蝶

蝴蝶 (1)

1. butterfly (Classifier: 隻／只)
   • 昔者莊周夢為胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻適志與！ [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
     昔者庄周梦为胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻适志与！ [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
     Xī zhě Zhuāng Zhōu mèng wéi húdié, xǔxǔrán húdié yě, zìyù shìzhì yú! [Pinyin]
     Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself.
2. (Hokkien) hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)

• (butterfly):

Dialectal synonyms of 蝴蝶 (“butterfly”) [map]

• (hinge): 鉸鏈／铰链 (jiǎoliàn), 合葉／合叶 (héyè); (Hokkien) 後鈕／后钮

• 夢裡蝴蝶 / 梦里蝴蝶

• 撲蝴蝶 / 扑蝴蝶 (pū húdié)

• 木蝴蝶 (mùhúdié)

• 紙蝴蝶 / 纸蝴蝶

• 花蝴蝶 (huāhúdié)

• 藍蝴蝶 / 蓝蝴蝶

• 蝴蝶刀 (húdiédāo)

• 蝴蝶夢 / 蝴蝶梦 (húdiémèng)

• 蝴蝶手 (húdiéshǒu)

• 蝴蝶效應 / 蝴蝶效应 (húdié xiàoyìng)

• 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)

• 蝴蝶琴 (húdiéqín)

• 蝴蝶瓦 (húdiéwǎ)

• 蝴蝶穿花

• 蝴蝶粉

• 蝴蝶結 / 蝴蝶结 (húdiéjié)

• 蝴蝶花 (húdiéhuā)

• 蝴蝶蘭 / 蝴蝶兰 (húdiélán)

• 蝴蝶裝 / 蝴蝶装

• 蝴蝶酥 (húdiésū)

• 蝴蝶骨

• 蝴蝶魚 / 蝴蝶鱼 (húdié yú)

• 鴛鴦蝴蝶 / 鸳鸯蝴蝶 (yuānyānghúdié)

• 鴛鴦蝴蝶派 / 鸳鸯蝴蝶派

• 蛾 (é, “moth”)

• 毛毛蟲／毛毛虫 (máomaochóng, “caterpillar”)

Categories:

• Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
• Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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• zh:Butterflies
• Japanese terms spelled with 蝴 read as こ
• Japanese terms spelled with 蝶 read as ちょう
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• ja:Butterflies