fermentation - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Middle English fermentacioun, from Latin fermentātiō, fermentātiōnem. By surface analysis, ferment +‎ -ation.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌfɜːmənˈteɪʃən/, /ˌfɜːmɛnˈteɪʃən/
• (General American) IPA(key): /ˌfɜɹmənˈteɪʃən/, /ˌfɜɹmɛnˈteɪʃən/
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

fermentation (countable and uncountable, plural fermentations)

1. (biochemistry) Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide
2. A state of agitation or excitement; a ferment.
   • 1678, Jeremy Taylor, “The History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […]. The First Part.”, in Antiquitates Christianæ: Or, the History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus: […], London: […] E. Flesher, and R. Norton, for R[ichard] Royston, […], →OCLC, ad section IX (Considerations upon the Baptizing, Fasting, and Temptation of the Holy Jesus by the Devil), discourse IV (Of Baptism), part II (Of Baptizing Infants), page 130:
     [T]he Grace that is then given to us is like a piece of Leven put into a lump of dough, and Faith and Repentance do in all the periods of our life put it into fermentation and activity.
   • 1852 January – 1853 April, Charles Kingsley, Jun., “Preface”, in Hypatia: Or, New Foes with an Old Face. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], published 1853, →OCLC, pages xi–xii:
     The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs, which had gone on for four centuries under Roman rule, had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds, an universal fermentation of human thought and faith.
   • 1929, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, Jewish Music: Its Historical Development, page 364:
     It seems that the spiritual fermentation of the cabbalists, who […] aroused the dormant susceptibilities of the Orient, penetrated also into Yemen and had the effect of a messianic message to the languishing souls longing for redemption.

• alcoholic fermentation

• autofermentation

• biofermentation

• bladder fermentation syndrome

• bottom fermentation

• cofermentation

• fermentational

• fermentation lock

• gut fermentation syndrome

• heterofermentation

• homofermentation

• homolactic fermentation

• lactofermentation

• malolactic fermentation

• microfermentation

• multifermentation

• nonfermentation

• overfermentation

• photofermentation

• postfermentation

• prefermentation

• refermentation

• respirofermentation

• secondary fermentation

• semifermentation

• top fermentation

• underfermentation

• ferment

anaerobic biochemical reaction

• Bulgarian: ферментация f (fermentacija)

• Catalan: fermentació (ca) f

• Chinese:
  Cantonese: 發酵 / 发酵 (faat3 gaau3)
  Eastern Min: 發酵 / 发酵 (huák-gáu)
  Hokkien: 發酵 / 发酵 (zh-min-nan) (hoat-kàⁿ)
  Mandarin: 發酵 / 发酵 (zh) (fājiào)

• Czech: kvašení n

• Danish: fermentering c, gæring c

• Dutch: fermentatie (nl), gisting (nl)

• Finnish: käyminen (fi)

• Galician: fermentación (gl) f

• Georgian: დუღილი (duɣili), ფერმენტაცია (permenṭacia)

• German: Fermentation f, Gärung (de) f

• Greek: ζύμωση (el) f (zýmosi)

• Indonesian: fermentasi (id), peragian (id)

• Irish: coipeadh m

• Italian: fermentazione (it) f

• Japanese: 発酵 (ja), 醗酵 (ja) (はっこう, hakkō)

• Korean: 발효(醱酵) (ko) (balhyo)

• Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: meyandin (ku)

• Latin: fermentātiō f

• Latvian: rūgšana f

• Macedonian: вриење n (vrienje), ферментација f (fermentacija)

• Malay: penapaian (ms)

• Māori: whakamoītanga

• Mongolian: исэлт (iselt), хөөлт (mn) (xöölt)

• Norwegian:
  Bokmål: gjæring m or f, fermentering m or f
  Nynorsk: gjæring f, fermentering f

• Occitan: fermentacion (oc) f

• Polish: fermentacja (pl) f

• Portuguese: fermentação (pt) f

• Quechua: p'uchquy

• Romanian: fermentare (ro) f, fermentație (ro) f

• Russian: фермента́ция (ru) f (fermentácija), броже́ние (ru) n (brožénije)

• Slovene: vrenje n

• Spanish: fermentación (es) f

• Swahili: uchachushaji

• Swedish: jäsning (sv) c, fermentering (sv) c

• Tagalog: pagbuburo, pamamanis, pagkapanis

• Turkish: fermantasyon (tr)

• Ukrainian: броді́ння (uk) n (brodínnja), ферментува́ння n (fermentuvánnja)

• Vietnamese: lên men (vi)

• Volapük: färmäntam

• infantometer

Borrowed from Latin fermentātiōnem. By surface analysis, fermenter +‎ -ation.

• IPA(key): /fɛʁ.mɑ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/

fermentation f (plural fermentations)

1. fermentation

• fermentation homolactique
• fermenter
• → Romanian: fermentație
• → Turkish: fermantasyon
• “fermentation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012