toward - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English toward, from Old English tōweard, from Proto-West Germanic *tōward, equivalent to to + -ward. Cognate with Middle Low German tôwart, Middle Dutch toewaert (Modern Dutch toewaarts), Middle High German zuowart, zūwart (Modern German zuwärts). Compare also Middle English tilward, tillward (“toward”).
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /təˈwɔːd/
- (General American) IPA(key): /tɔɹd/, /ˈtwɔɹd/, /təˈwɔɹd/
- (rhotic, without the horse_–_hoarse merger) IPA(key): /to(ː)ɹd/, /ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/
- (non-rhotic, without the horse_–_hoarse merger) IPA(key): /toəd/, /ˈtwoəd/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /tɘˈwoːd/
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)d
- Hyphenation: to‧ward
toward (now chiefly US)
- In the direction of.
She moved toward the door.- 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 1:
Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.
- 1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 1:
- In relation to (someone or something).
What are your feelings toward him?- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 28:54:
So that the man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye ſhalbe euill toward his bꝛother, and toward the wife of his boſome, and towards the remnant of his childꝛen which he ſhall leaue:
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 28:54:
- For the purpose of attaining (an aim).
I'm saving money toward retirement. - Located close to; near (a time or place).
Our place is over toward the station.- a. 1746 (date written), Jonathan Swift, “To Mr. Gay”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XII, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 92:
I am toward nine years older since I left you, yet that is the least of my alterations; […]
- a. 1746 (date written), Jonathan Swift, “To Mr. Gay”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XII, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 92:
Although some have tried to discern a semantic distinction between the words toward and towards, the only difference in practice is dialectal. Toward is more common in American English and towards is more common in British English, though each form may be found in both varieties.
in the direction of
- Altai:
Southern Altai: удуру (uduru), удура (udura) - Arabic: نَحْوَ (naḥwa), صَوْبَ (ṣawba)
Egyptian Arabic: ناحية (naḥyet) - Armenian: դեպի (hy) (depi)
- Bikol:
Central Bikol: pasiring (bcl) - Bulgarian: към (bg) (kǎm)
- Catalan: cap a (ca)
- Cherokee: ᏗᏜ (didla)
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 向 (hoeng3)
Mandarin: 向 (zh) (xiàng), 朝 (zh) (cháo), 往 (zh) (wǎng) - Czech: k (cs), směrem k
- Danish: henimod
- Dutch: naar (nl), naartoe (nl)
- Esperanto: al (eo)
- Estonian: poole (et), suunas
- Finnish: kohti (fi), päin (fi)
- French: vers (fr)
- Frisian:
West Frisian: nei - Georgian: მიმართულებით (mimartulebit), მიმართ (mimart)
- German: zu (de), in Richtung, nach (de), auf (de) (with zu, postpositively used)
- Gothic: 𐌳𐌿 (du)
- Greek: προς (el) (pros)
Ancient Greek: πρός (prós) (+ accusative) - Hebrew: אל (he) (el), ל־ (he) (l'-), (archaic, mainly idiomatic) ־ה (-ah)
- Hindi: ... की तरफ़ (... kī taraf), ... की ओर (hi) (... kī or)
- Hungarian: felé (hu)
- Icelandic: til (is)
- Ido: vers (io)
- Interlingua: verso (ia)
- Irish: chuig, chun, go dtí, ionsar, faoi thuairim, in araicis
- Italian: verso (it), incontro (it)
- Japanese: の方に (ja) (no hō ni), に向かって (ja) (ni mukatte)
- Khmer: ឆ្ពោះទៅ (chpŭəhtɨw)
- Korean: 로 (ko) (ro), 향해서 (ko) (hyanghaeseo)
- Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بەرەو (berew)
Northern Kurdish: berev (ku)
Southern Kurdish: وەرەو (werew) - Kyrgyz: утуру (ky) (uturu)
- Lao: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: ergā (+ accusative), ad (la)
- Latvian: pretī, pretim, virzienā, pie (lv) (with genitive)
- Livonian: pūolõ (postposition)
- Lushootseed: dxʷʔal
- Macedonian: кон (kon)
- Malay: ke (ms)
- Māori: mai, ki
- Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian: mot (no)
- Persian: به سمت (beh samt)
- Polish: ku (pl), do (pl), w stronę, w kierunku
- Portuguese: a (pt), rumo a, até (pt)
- Romanian: spre (ro), către (ro)
- Russian: к (ru) (k), (+ dative case) в направле́нии (v napravlénii), (+ dative case) навстре́чу (ru) (navstréču), (+ genitive case) в сто́рону (v stóronu)
- Serbo-Croatian: prema, k, ka (sh)
- Slovak: k (sk), v ústrety
- Spanish: hacia (es)
- Swedish: mot (sv), till (sv)
- Tagalog: patungo
- Thai: สู่ (th) (sùu)
- Tok Pisin: long
- Ukrainian: до (uk) (do), в на́прямку (v náprjamku)
- Urdu: ... کی طرف (... kī taraf)
- Vietnamese: về phía, về hướng
- Volapük: lü (vo)
in relation to
- Arabic: نَحُو (naḥū)
Egyptian Arabic: ناحية (naḥyet) - Armenian: նկատմամբ (hy) (nkatmamb)
- Bulgarian: за (bg) (za), отно́сно (bg) (otnósno)
- Catalan: sobre (ca), en relació a, envers (ca), vers (ca)
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 關於 / 关于 (guaan1 jy1)
Mandarin: 關於 / 关于 (zh) (guānyú) - Czech: vůči (cs)
- Finnish: kohtaan (fi)
- French: envers (fr)
- Georgian: მიმართ (mimart)
- German: zu (de), gegenüber (de) (sometimes used postpositively), bezüglich (de), hinsichtlich (de)
- Greek: προς (el) (pros)
- Hebrew: בְּנוֹגֵעַ לְ־ (b'nogéa' l'-)
- Hungarian: iránt (hu)
- Indonesian: terhadap (id)
- Irish: maidir le
- Italian: verso (it)
- Japanese: に (ja) (ni), に対して (ja) (ni taishite)
- Korean: ...에 관하여 (...e gwanhayeo)
- Norwegian: angående
- Polish: o (pl), odnośnie (pl)
- Portuguese: para com (pt)
- Russian: о (ru) (o), относительно (ru) (otnositelʹno)
- Spanish: sobre (es), hacia (es)
- Swedish: angående (sv), rörande (sv), om (sv)
- Thai: กับ (th) (gàp)
- Ukrainian: що́до (uk) (ščódo)
- Vietnamese: về (vi)
for the purpose of
- Arabic: لِأَجْل (li-ʔajl)
Egyptian Arabic: عشان (ʕašān) - Armenian: համար (hy) (hamar)
- Bulgarian: за (bg) (za)
- Catalan: per (ca), per a (ca)
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 為了 / 为了 (wai6 liu5)
Mandarin: 為了 / 为了 (zh) (wèile) - Czech: na (cs)
- Danish: henimod
- Finnish: varten (fi)
- French: pour (fr)
- German: für (de), um (de), zwecks (de)
- Greek: για (el) (gia)
- Hebrew: למען (he) m (lemáan)
- Hungarian: -ra (hu), -re (hu), céljából (hu)
- Irish: le haghaidh, faoi thuairim, faoi chomhair
- Italian: per (it)
- Japanese: のために (ja) (no tame ni)
- Korean: ...을 위해 (ko) (...eul wihae)
- Norwegian: på grunn av (no)
- Polish: na (pl)
- Portuguese: para (pt)
- Russian: на (ru) (na)
- Spanish: para (es)
- Swedish: för (sv), till (sv)
- Thai: เพื่อ (th) (pʉ̂ʉa)
- Vietnamese: cho (vi), để (vi)
located near
- Arabic: بِقُرْب (biqurb)
Egyptian Arabic: قريب من (ʔurāyeb men) - Armenian: մոտ (hy) (mot)
- Bulgarian: около (bg) (okolo)
- Chinese:
Cantonese: 對 / 对 (doey3)
Mandarin: 對 / 对 (zh) (duì) - Czech: poblíž (cs), blízko (cs)
- Finnish: lähellä (fi), päin (fi)
- French: près de (fr)
- German: so um, gegen (de), [in] Richtung (de)
- Greek: προς (el) (pros)
- Hebrew: בקרבת (bekirvát), ליד (he) (leyád)
- Hungarian: felé (hu), környékén, közelében (hu)
- Irish: ag tarraingt
- Italian: presso (it)
- Japanese: の近くに (ja) (no chikaku ni)
- Korean: 쪽 (ko) (jjok)
- Norwegian: please add this translation if you can
- Polish: koło (pl)
- Portuguese: por (pt)
- Russian: около (ru) (okolo)
- Spanish: hacia (es)
- Swedish: vid (sv)
- Thai: ใกล้ (th) (glâi), เกือบ (th) (gʉ̀ʉap)
- Vietnamese: gần (vi)
toward (not comparable)
- Yielding, pliant; docile; ready or apt to learn; not froward.
- (dated) Approaching, coming near; impending; present, at hand.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 304, column 1:
Do you heare ought (Sir) of a Battell toward. - 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Practical Devotional”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk), page 70:
On the morrow, after mass, our Lord Abbot [Samson of Tottington] orders the Cellerarius to send off his carpenters to demolish the said structure brevi manu, and lay up the wood in safe keeping. Old Dean Herbert, hearing what was toward, comes tottering along hither, to plead humbly for himself and his mill.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 304, column 1:
- (obsolete or archaic) Promising, likely.
- c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:
Clif[ford] Why that is ſpoken like a toward Prince. - 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Description of the Farmer’s Daughter. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page [178]:
My Miſtreſs had a Daughter of nine Years old, a Child of toward Parts for her Age, very dextrous at her Needle, and ſkilful in dreſſing her Baby.
- c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:
- (obsolete) Future; to-come.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 238:
But ear that wiſhed day his beame diſcloſd, / He either enuying my toward good, / Or of him ſelfe to treaſon ill diſpoſd / One day vnto me came in friendly mood, / And told for ſecret how he vnderſtood / […]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 238:
(future): coming; see also Thesaurus:future
(approaching): imminent, in the offing, proximate; see also Thesaurus:impending
“toward”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
“toward”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
towarde, towar, towart, touard, touarde, touwar, touward, touwarde, towerd, towert, taward, tawarde, tawart, twoward, tort, toweard, towearde, towerd, towarð, towweard, touwward
From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.
toward
- In the direction of; toward.
- 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:
Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]
Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]
- 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:
- Into the presence of.
- In proximity to; near, by.
- In an exchange or communication with; to.
- c. 1190 - 1215, Layamon, Laȝamon's Brut
- Having a wont or tendency towards.
- Similar to.
- Subject to; under the control of.
- Useful for; prepared for.
toward
- Future, forthcoming; to come.
- Near at hand; imminent, nigh.
- Moving forth.
- of goodwill, benevolent; well-tempered, gentle.
- towardnesse
- English: toward
toward
- toward and froward
- as toward
- towardes
- “toward, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 15 April 2018.
- “toward, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 15 April 2018.
- “toward, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 15 April 2018.
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms suffixed with -ward
- English 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable
- Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/2 syllables
- English lemmas
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- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
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- Middle English terms suffixed with -ward
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