Beate Maria Pomberger - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Videos by Beate Maria Pomberger

This Video presents the original sounds of the pendants from the Byci skala cave, a sacrifical si... more This Video presents the original sounds of the pendants from the Byci skala cave, a sacrifical site of the Hallstatt Culture in Moravia and one possible intepretation of use.

FWF/Hertha Firnberg Project “Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe”
Created by Beate Maria Pomberger and Jörg Mühlhans (Archaeological Sounds)
© Archaeological Sounds

12 views

Ancient Roman bells from Ovilava/Wels and their Sounds Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and ... more Ancient Roman bells from Ovilava/Wels and their Sounds

Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe
“Antike Glockenklänge aus Wels” oder “Glockenklänge aus Ovilava” „Römische Glockenklänge aus Wels“
Dieses Projekt wird vom Austrian Science Fonds FWF gefördert und vom Naturhistorischen Museum Wien unterstützt, in Kooperation mit dem Stadtmuseum Wels und der Universität Wien/MediaLab.

Projektleitung: Beate Maria Pomberger
Stimme: Beate Maria Pomberger
Tonaufnahmen: Beate Maria Pomberger, Jörg Mühlhans
Videoschnitt: Alexander Minnich und Yanik Hahnekamp
Graphiken: Michaela Greisinger, Renate Miglbauer, Beate Maria Pomberger

Copyrights (Illustrations):
Beate Maria Pomberger
August Red, k.k. Hof-Photograf, Linz, bevor 1900
Michaela Greisinger
Renate Miglbauer
© 2021 Archaeological Sounds

22 views

This video presents the original sounds of pellet bells from the Avarian cemeteries in Komárno, S... more This video presents the original sounds of pellet bells from the Avarian cemeteries in Komárno, Slovakia. The Avar people ruled from 568 - 822 AD in great parts of today's Romania, Hungary, 'Slovakia and Eastern Austria.

FWF Hertha Firnberg Project 'Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe'
Project lead and video: Beate Maria Pomberger
Soundrecordings: Beate Maria Pomberger, Jörg Mühlhans
Voice: Beate Maria Pomberger
Photography: Podunajské múzeum v Komárne, Beate Maria Pomberger
Copyrights (Illustrations): Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, Gabriel Bodenehr
Beate Maria Pomberger - own and according to Alexander Trugly and Zlata Čilinská, Wikimedia Commons, d-maps.com

References:
Z. Čilinská 1982: Dve pohrebiská z 8. – 9. Storočia v Komárne. Slovenská Archeológia XXX-2, 1982, 347 – 393.
A. Trugly 1987: Gräberfeld aus der Zeit des awarischen Reiches bei der Schiffswerft in Komárno. Slovenská Archeológia XXXV-2, 251 – 343.
A. Trugly 1993: Gräberfeld aus der Zeit des a

13 views

Choreography according to pictorial sources in Early Iron Age Central Europe (Hallstatt Culture),... more Choreography according to pictorial sources in Early Iron Age Central Europe (Hallstatt Culture), jewellery and costumes after artefacts from graves, salt mines and ritual cave site.

Archaeological Sources:
Dance – body language/movements: conical necked vessels from tumuli 27 and 28, Sopron-Várhely, HU; tumulus 1883/12 from Frögg near Rosegg, AT; bowl from tumulus III, burial S1 from Basarabi, RO

Dancers’ costumes: Hallstatt, AT (Iron Age cemetery and salt mine) and the Býčí skála Cave, CZ.

Dance: Georgina Babinszki, Theresa Prem
Choreography: Beate Maria Pomberger

Music: ArchäoMusik Vienna
Beate Maria Pomberger (Eastern Hallstatt Lyre)
Ingrid Wagner-Kraft (Schirndorf Lyre)
Bernhard Winkler (Frame drum)

Costumes: Karina Grömer, Beate Maria Pomberger
Mastering: Jörg Mühlhans

Project „Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe“
© Archaeological Sounds (Beate Maria Pomberger/Jörg Mühlhans)

Suported by: FWF – NHM-Wien – Universität Wien

37 views

Papers by Beate Maria Pomberger

Aspekte magischen Denkens. Internationale Tagung vom 12. – 13. November 2021 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 29, 2024

Textiles in Motion. Dress for Dance in the Ancient World. Ancient Textiles Series 41, 2023

Linzer Gespräche zur interpretativen Eisenzeitarchäologie. Studien zur Kulturgeschichte von Oberösterreich. Folge 55, 2024

Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 108, 2024

Journal of Music Archaeology , 2024

The history of metal idiophones dates back as far as metalworking itself. These sound objects ser... more The history of metal idiophones dates back as far as metalworking itself. These sound objects served various purposes, such as attracting attention, displaying social status, and practical use in signalling. While once integral to everyday life, these sound objects are now rarely seen outside of museums or medieval markets. In the project “Metallic Idiophones from 800 BC – 800 CE”, original and replicated metal idiophones from Central Europe were examined for their acoustic properties. Within the group of examined objects, variations in construction, shape, and alloys based on era and region can be seen. In this study, a selection of 21 original and replicated idiophones that cover most of the variations are examined for the subjective perception of their sounds. Participants in the online listening experiment (n=102, mean age = 35.6) rated sounds on pleasantness, brightness, sharpness, complexity, activation, and valence. Personality traits, musicality, preferences for sound jewellery, and beliefs in object properties were also assessed. While 75% showed low pref-erence for sound jewellery, some associated it with high social status or metaphysical abilities. Belief in these abilities correlated with openness and preference. No age or gender effects were observed in sound ratings. Overall, sound level negatively correlated with pleasantness and posi-tively with sharpness, activation, and valence. Sounds with higher tone-noise-ratio were perceived The history of metal idiophones dates back as far as metalworking itself. These sound objects served various purposes, such as attracting attention, displaying social status, and practical use in signalling. While once integral to everyday life, these sound objects are now rarely seen outside of museums or medieval markets. In the project “Metallic Idiophones from 800 BC – 800 CE”, original and replicated metal idiophones from Central Europe were examined for their acoustic properties. Within the group of examined objects, variations in construction, shape, and alloys based on era and region can be seen. In this study, a selection of 21 original and replicated idiophones that cover most of the variations are examined for the subjective perception of their sounds. Participants in the online listening experiment (n=102, mean age = 35.6) rated sounds on pleasantness, brightness, sharpness, complexity, activation, and valence. Personality traits, musicality, preferences for sound jewellery, and beliefs in object properties were also assessed. While 75% showed low pref-erence for sound jewellery, some associated it with high social status or metaphysical abilities. Belief in these abilities correlated with openness and preference. No age or gender effects were observed in sound ratings. Overall, sound level negatively correlated with pleasantness and posi-tively with sharpness, activation, and valence. Sounds with higher tone-noise-ratio were perceived

Studia archaeologica Brunensia, 2023

76 Roman bells and 91 pellet bells from the Early Medieval Avar and Carolingian periods from Aust... more 76 Roman bells and 91 pellet bells from the Early Medieval Avar and Carolingian periods from Austria, Hungary, and Slovakia cast in various copper alloys were investigated. They were classified into archaeological types and chemical analyses were carried out to get knowledge about their alloys' compositions. Since the material, among other parameters, influences timbre and sound perception, one Roman bell and one Avar pellet bell were reproduced in six different copper alloys, to examine the influence of the materials. Additionally, six bars were cast, and five plates were forged. All objects were recorded and analysed (psycho-)acoustically for a multitude of parameters to find out which are rather influenced by material and which are mainly altered by other parameters, such as shape or weight.

Journal of Music Archaeology, Dec 3, 2023

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.

A. Weidinger, J. Leskovar [Hrsg.], Interpretierte Eisenzeiten. Fallstudien, Methoden, Theorie. Tagungsbeiträge der 10. Linzer Gespräche zur interpretativen Eisenzeitarchäologie. Studien zur Kulturgeschichte von Oberösterreich Folge 55, Linz 2024, 49-62. , 2024

Studia archaeologica Brunensia, 2023

Archaeological Textiles Review 65, 2023

Iuxta Danubium No. 17, 2021

Komárom-Hajógyár temetőben feltárt 153 sír közül 63 volt lovassír. Ebből nyolcban találtak csörgő... more Komárom-Hajógyár temetőben feltárt 153 sír közül 63 volt lovassír. Ebből nyolcban találtak csörgőt. A legérdekesebbek a 107. sírból származnak, amely a feltárt temető közepén volt. A sír keltezésileg a késő avar kor I. fázisára tehető. A csörgők a ló felső, bolygatott részén kerültek elő, feltehetőleg a szügyhámon vagy fejhámon lehettek. A 4 bronzcsörgő hasonló, de nem azonos. A II. alaptípushoz tartoznak és a belső csörgőtárgyuk máig megvan. A fémvizgálat alapján a csörgők több mint 90 wt %-ban réz, kisebb részt ón és felületi nyomokban további fémek ötvözete. A hangvizsgálatok alapján a csörgők sorrendbe állíthatóak. Hangmagasságuk érzékelése gyenge és szubjektív, de jelző és védelmi szerepük valószínűsíthető. Kucsszavak:avar kor, Komárom, csörgő, hangvizsgálat Bevezetés A "Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe" című projekt, melyet az Osztrák Tudományos Alapok (Austrian Science Fonds FWF) finanszírozott és a Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria támogatott, a hangot adó fémtárgyakat kutatja interdiszciplináris és muzikoarcheológiai megközelítéssel. Ezek a vaskori, császárkori, kora középkori csörgőlemezzel vagy gyűrűvel rendelkező tárgyak, csörgő ruhaékszerek, valamint a harangok és harangjátékok. Ennek keretében a komáromi avar temetők csörgői is a vizsgálat részét képezik (Pomberger et al. 2020; 2021). A csörgők eredete a mai észak Irán területére tehető az i. e. 2. évezredre (Contenau/ Girsham 1935, 38. t.; Castelluca/Dan 2014, 67-104), ahonnét az 1. évezredben egészen kelet Franciaországig elterjedtek (Pomberger 2017, 15-34). I. e. 600 után a hallstatt és La Tène kori kultúrákban már nincs nyomuk, de továbbra is fontos szerepük volt a szkíta agathürszok, a vekerzug kultúra képviselőinél, akik a Kárpát-medencében éltek (Bakay 1971). Csak a kora középkorban, az Avar Kaganátusban a közép avar kor I. fázisában (vö. Csuthy 2020, 163) jelennek meg újra Közép-Európában az öntött, domborított és kovácsolt darabok (Pomberger/Stadler 2018; Csuthy 2019). A Komárom-Hajógyári (IX) temető Komárom-hajógyári temető a mai Pozsonyba vezető főút bal oldalán található. Összesen 153 sírt dokumentáltak (valószínűleg ennél több, akár 200 is lehetett). 63 lovassír volt a temetőben, ebből nyolc sírban azonosítottak csörgőt. A legnagyszerűbb darabok a 107.

JOURNAL OF MUSIC ARCHAEOLOGY, 2023

Our project is focused on metal sound objects of the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt Culture), the Roma... more Our project is focused on metal sound objects of the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt Culture), the Roman
period, and the period of the Avar Khanate in the Carpathian Basin (Early Middle Ages). The idiophones
originate from burial and settlement contexts. Our goal is to gain new information on their
function, on tonal inGuence on ancient peoples’ daily lives, and their impact on society. This interdisciplinary
project combines archaeological, metallurgical, acoustical, psychoacoustical, ethnomusicological,
and psychological methods supported by experimental archaeology and handcraft
experience, as well as by ancient written and iconographic sources. In this article we report on the
status of our current results. We present three case studies, one for each period, and an acoustic
and psychoacoustic overview of all currently investigated sound objects. Analyses of textile remains
adhering to pellet bells complete this paper.

Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie a 123, 2021

The article initially deals with the difficulties that can arise when sound recordings of archaeo... more The article initially deals with the difficulties that can arise when sound recordings of archaeological sound objects are made in museum rooms. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, a simple but effective, sound-reduced recording chamber has been developed. It is used in the FWF (Austrian Sciences Funds) project "Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD", which investigates bells, pellet bells, and jewelleries with jingles. The chamber was constructed from 8 mm thick poplar plywood panels. Its isolation consists of a double layer of mineral wool, Rockfon Facett Plano 20 mm. Measurements have shown a reduction of background noise by up to 21.4 dB SPL in various museum rooms. The transportable recording chamber is weighing only 7 kg and is therefore ideally suited for sound recordings in museums and other collections. This article describes shortly the making of the chamber and examines its noise reduction levels by means of a series of measurements.

Archeometriai Műhely

annales musei nationalis slovaci zborník slovenského národného múzea bratislava 2022 a r c h e o l ó g i a 3 2 ročník cxvi zborník slovenského národného múzea annales musei nationalis slovaci ROČNÍK / VOLUME CXVI, 2022

Metallic idiophones of the Early History Period from the archaeological collection of the Slovaki... more Metallic idiophones of the Early History Period from the archaeological collection of the Slovakian National
Museum in Bratislava. Sixteen Avarian pellet bells and seven Roman bells housed in the Archaeological Slovak
National Museum in Bratislava were investigated within the framework of the research project “Metallic Idiophones
between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe”. ey originate from Bratislava-Rusovce (Roman Gerulata), Bratislava-
Jarovce, Židovská ulica in Bratislava, Vištuk, Komárno, and Streda nad Bodrogom, and the Avar-period cemeteries
Bratislava-Devínska Nová Ves (cemetery I), Bratislava-Záhorska Bystrica and Bratislava-Rusovce (site: Pri cintoríne).
Due to their nd positions they can give information about their function. Analyses on their sounds, their psychoacoustic
features as well as their chemical compositions were carried out. Textile traces on one pellet bell were analysed. Comparisons
of the existence of pellet bells in contemporary cultures are presented.

Archeometriai Műhely XX/1, 2023

The collections of the Balaton Museum in Keszthely and of the Hungarian National Museum contain a... more The collections of the Balaton Museum in Keszthely and of the Hungarian National Museum contain around 50 pellet bells from the Great Migration period from the Keszthely Region. All originate from cemeteries and were analysed concerning their find position, function, sounds, psychoacoustic parameters, and chemical compositions. Additionally, adhering textiles were investigated. Primarily children wore pellet bells hanging from their tunic. Pellet bell served as amulets and the idea that their sounds and metals protect are still popular today. Kivonat A keszthelyi Balaton Múzeum és a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményei közel ötven, népvándorlás kori csörgőt őriznek a keszthelyi régióból. A leletek temetőkből származnak. A csörgőket megtalálási helyzetük, hangzásuk, pszichoakusztikus paramétereik és kémiai összetételük alapján elemeztük, valamint vizsgáltuk a rajtuk megőrződött textilmaradványokat. Elsősorban a gyerekek viselték a tunikájukról lelógó csörgőket. A csörgőket amullettként használták, a hangjuk és anyaguk védelmező funkciója manapság is népszerű elképzelés.

FWF/Hertha Firnberg Project “Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe”
Created by Beate Maria Pomberger and Jörg Mühlhans (Archaeological Sounds)
© Archaeological Sounds

12 views

Ancient Roman bells from Ovilava/Wels and their Sounds Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and ... more Ancient Roman bells from Ovilava/Wels and their Sounds

Copyrights (Illustrations):
Beate Maria Pomberger
August Red, k.k. Hof-Photograf, Linz, bevor 1900
Michaela Greisinger
Renate Miglbauer
© 2021 Archaeological Sounds

22 views

13 views

Dancers’ costumes: Hallstatt, AT (Iron Age cemetery and salt mine) and the Býčí skála Cave, CZ.

Dance: Georgina Babinszki, Theresa Prem
Choreography: Beate Maria Pomberger

Music: ArchäoMusik Vienna
Beate Maria Pomberger (Eastern Hallstatt Lyre)
Ingrid Wagner-Kraft (Schirndorf Lyre)
Bernhard Winkler (Frame drum)

Costumes: Karina Grömer, Beate Maria Pomberger
Mastering: Jörg Mühlhans

Project „Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe“
© Archaeological Sounds (Beate Maria Pomberger/Jörg Mühlhans)

Suported by: FWF – NHM-Wien – Universität Wien

37 views

Aspekte magischen Denkens. Internationale Tagung vom 12. – 13. November 2021 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle 29, 2024

Textiles in Motion. Dress for Dance in the Ancient World. Ancient Textiles Series 41, 2023

Linzer Gespräche zur interpretativen Eisenzeitarchäologie. Studien zur Kulturgeschichte von Oberösterreich. Folge 55, 2024

Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 108, 2024

Journal of Music Archaeology , 2024

Studia archaeologica Brunensia, 2023

Journal of Music Archaeology, Dec 3, 2023

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.

Studia archaeologica Brunensia, 2023

Archaeological Textiles Review 65, 2023

Iuxta Danubium No. 17, 2021

JOURNAL OF MUSIC ARCHAEOLOGY, 2023

Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie a 123, 2021

Archeometriai Műhely

Archeometriai Műhely XX/1, 2023

Römisches Österreich 45, 2022

So far, 39 bells were found during archaeological excavations and surveys of the ancient settleme... more So far, 39 bells were found during archaeological excavations and surveys of the ancient
settlement areas of the Roman city of Ovilava (Wels) in Upper Austria. The investigations
of the bells were carried out within the framework of the research project “Metallic Idiophones
between 800 bc and 800 ad in Central Europe” at the Natural History Museum Vienna. The
idiophones were analysed concerning their archaeological context, their possible function in the
daily life of the population with the aid of ancient written and pictorial sources, their pitches,
their psychoacoustic parameters and their metal compositions. The interdisciplinary studies shed
a new light on metallic idiophones and add to the knowledge of material culture in the Roman
period.

Študijné zvesti Archeologického ústavu SAV, 2022

of roman Bells and avar ringbells – prehistoric idiophones from Vienna The article presents Roma... more of roman Bells and avar ringbells – prehistoric idiophones from Vienna
The article presents Roman bells and Avar bell finds from Vienna. Excavations within the area of ancient Vienna
(Vindobona) unearthed 25 bells. They were found in the military camp, the canabae legionis, both in the first district
of Vienna, the civil town in the third Viennese district and near ancient roads. They are cast in diverse copper-alloys
(Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb; Cu-Pb) and forged from iron sheet. A larger amount originates from metallurgic workshops
and probably were produced there. The sizes vary from 7 mm up to 91 mm. The copper-alloy bells are classified
into four types and the iron bells only in one type. Whereas none of the larger bells can be associated with a more
precise function, the tiny bells served as jewellery and apotropaic pendants on necklaces and bracelets. Bells were
signal instruments to regulate the daily life of a settlement, served as apotropaic wind chimes in various buildings,
courtyards and gardens, decorated grazing animals and were part of the harness of draught, pack and riding ani-
mals. They also played a role in religious life. From the Avar period 21 pellet bells, three tutuli shaped bells and two
bells are known in Vienna. Mostly they were found in children’s and a few adults burials. Some horses had pellet
bells as parts of the bridle and saddle. One dog wore a pellet bells on its collar. Pellet bells were cast in copper alloys
(Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb) and forged in metal sheets (Fe, Bz). Their surfaces are smooth ore decorated. Small pebbles
or bronze balls are enclosed in the rattles. They are classified into five basic shapes. Pellet bells probably served as
apotropaic amulets and jewellery. They were not very common in the Avar communities, because they appear only
in a few graves from the middle of the 7th c. onwards. Well-preserved bells and pellet bells were recorded and ana-
lysed acoustically and psychoacoustically. Their frequencies range from 1.2 – 20 kHz. Both types are bright and sharp
in sound but hardly rough.

The prehistoric necropolis in the area "Rheintal-Süd" is part of the municipality of Ma... more The prehistoric necropolis in the area "Rheintal-Süd" is part of the municipality of Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge. It is located on a gravel terrace of the river Leitha, about 2, 8 km off the townchurch. That area had already been used as graveyard during the early and the middle Bronze Age. It was used again as graveyard in the older late Bronze Age and several hundred years later during the Latène. The local historians Friedrich Opferkuh and Heribert Schutzbier started to rescue the first findings. From 1978 – 1984 the departement for maintaining soil monuments of the Federal Office for preservation of monuments undertook rescue excavations guided by Gustav Melzer. 55 graves of the "Urnenfelder" Culture could be identified, a majority of which had been disarranged or completely destroyed. All graves were typical flat graves of the "Mitteldonauländische Urnenfelder" Culture dug shallowly under humus soil. The architecture of the graves can principally ...

Slovenská archeológia, 2020

The lyre shapes of the Hallstatt circle are depicted on ceramic and bronze vessels. They can be c... more The lyre shapes of the Hallstatt circle are depicted on ceramic and bronze vessels. They can be classified into three types, the Hallstattphorminx, the Situlae Lyra and the Hallstatt lyre. In the latter two types, two variants crystallize. The socalled Hallstatt lyre, represented as a simple frame construction, can also be interpreted as a zither-frame zither or box zither. representations of the stringed instruments discussed here appear predominantly in richly furnished graves of both sexes. Through analyzation of the basic construction of the chordophones and their string holders, it is possible to reconstruct them experimentally. Simple manual measurements were used to determine the size of each instrument. Hallstatt lyres, a Hallstatt zither, a Hallstattphorminx and a Situlae Lyre were reconstructed and played in Vienna by music archaeologists and musicians.

Prehistoric stringed instruments are known in Europe through iconographic representations and a f... more Prehistoric stringed instruments are known in Europe through iconographic representations and a few fragments. In order to research and reconstruct these, comparisons and studies of preserved musical instruments from ancient civilizations and ethnological musical instruments are required. Autodidact I approach the construction of chordophones with experimental attempts, deal with the different possible materials to produce strings, as well as their attachment to the resonance body. A continuous exciting working process in which the knowledge of professional instrument makers is not neglected.

Urgeschichtliche Saiteninstrumente sind in Europa anhand ikonographischer Darstellungen und einiger weniger Fragmente bekannt. Um diese zu erforschen und nachzubauen, bedarf es Vergleiche und Studien erhaltener Musikinstrumente der antiken Hochkulturen sowie ethnologischer Musikinstrumente. Autodidakt nähere ich mich mit experimentellen Versuchen dem Bau von Chordophonen an, befasse mich mit den verschiedenen möglichen Materialien, Saiten herzustellen, sowie deren Befestig am Resonanzkörper. Ein fortlaufender spannender Arbeitsprozess, in dem auch die Erkenntnisse professioneller Instrumentenbauer nicht zu kurz kommen.

Entwicklung Musikinstrumente von Spätbronzezeit bis Latènezeit zwischen Salzach und Donauknie De... more Entwicklung Musikinstrumente von Spätbronzezeit bis Latènezeit zwischen Salzach und Donauknie
Development musical instruments of the late Bronze Age to Latène between the Salzach and the Danube Bend

Frühneolithische Gefäßflöten - Rekonstruktion & Spielart Early Neolthic Vesselflutes - Reconstru... more Frühneolithische Gefäßflöten - Rekonstruktion & Spielart
Early Neolthic Vesselflutes - Reconstruction & Way of Playing

This table lists mentions of metallic idiophones, such as bells, pellet bells, cymbals and the si... more This table lists mentions of metallic idiophones, such as bells, pellet bells, cymbals and the sistrum within ancient Greek and Roman as well as Biblical and Early Christian literature, covering a time span from 600 BC to 800 AD. The aim is to connect the references to various religious and social settings. So, this compilation shall provide an overview of different situations in which metallic idiophones have been in use throughout different phases in history. (The authors do not claim for it to be complete; rather it will be edited and expanded constantly.)

Knochenpfeiferl zählen neben Flöten zu den ältesten erhaltenen Pfeifeninstrumenten der Menschheit... more Knochenpfeiferl zählen neben Flöten zu den ältesten erhaltenen Pfeifeninstrumenten der Menschheit. Sie sind aus Röhrenknochen und Phalangen diverser Tiere hergestellt. Diese Eintoninstrumente dienen meist als Signalinstrumente, Jagdpfeiferl, Lockpfeife 1 , aber auch als Kinderspielzeug 2 . Aus Niederösterreichs Paläolithikum sind zwei Phalangenpfeifen aus der Station Grubgraben bei Kammern 3 , datierend in das ausgehende Gravettien/beginnende Magdalenién 4 , sowie ein magdaleniénzeitliches Knochenpfeiferl aus der Gudenushöhle 5 , und von Bernadette Käfer bereits auf ihre Tonhöhen überprüft wurden. Die Pfeiferlfunde aus Niederösterreich der Epochen Neolithikum, Bronzezeit, Eisenzeit und römische Kaiserzeit werden in diesem Artikel zusammengestellt und ebenfalls auf ihre spielbaren Töne untersucht.

• Verfasserangabe:Verf. Beate Maria Pomberger • Erscheinungsjahr:2009 • Umfang / Format:156, 63... more • Verfasserangabe:Verf. Beate Maria Pomberger
• Erscheinungsjahr:2009
• Umfang / Format:156, 63 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
• Hochschulschrift:Wien, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2009
Institution: Universität Wien

Universitätsbibliothek Universität Wien
• Permalink:http://ubdata.univie.ac.at/AC07958244
Links
• Volltext am Hochschulschriftenserver der UB Wien

http://search.obvsg.at/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?mode=Basic&vid=UWI&tab=default_tab

Summary
The prehistoric necropolis in the area “Rheintal-Süd” is part of the municipality of Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge. It is located on a gravel terrace of the river Leitha, about 2, 8 km off the townchurch. That area had already been used as graveyard during the early and the middle Bronze Age. It was used again as graveyard in the older late Bronze Age and several hundred years later during the Latène. The local historians Friedrich Opferkuh and Heribert Schutzbier started to rescue the first findings. From 1978 – 1984 the departement for maintaining soil monuments of the Federal Office for preservation of monuments undertook rescue excavations guided by Gustav Melzer. 55 graves of the “Urnenfelder” Culture could be identified, a majority of which had been disarranged or completely destroyed. All graves were typical flat graves of the
“Mitteldonauländische Urnenfelder” Culture dug shallowly under humus soil. The architecture of the graves can principally be classified into two types: Type I is longishrectangle-
shaped with or without rests of stone covering, Type II round oval to circle round. Type I showed only one way of burials: cremation heaped on the ground, whereas Type II in
addition contained cremation in urns. The longish-rectangle pits were mostly oriented toward northwest-southeast. Tomb 72 and tomb 194 are exceptions as they are directed to
northeast-southwest, grave 53 is aligned with east-west. Possibly some characteristic points of the nearby hills, the so called “Leithagebirge”, played a special role within the orientation of the tombs. The ashes of the cremated corpses were mostly placed in that part of the grave pits, which pointed to the west, sometimes they were in the middle of the graves. Ceramics however were placed on different positions, for example alongside the longitudinal axis, or on the southeast part of the pit. Bronze artefacts could be traced in 40 % of the tombs. In most cases parts of the traditional costumes, as needles, fibulas, rings, pendants/razors, and knives were cremated with the corps and thus are only preserved in deformed condition. Some Bronze artefacts as knives and arrowheads, were put intact into the tombs. All pieces
show traces of having been used. A large part of the ceramics and bronze objects typically represent the older “Mitteldonauländische Urnenfelder” Culture of the period “Baierdorf-Velatize”. Therefore the necropolis has to be dated in the period HaA1 until HaA2. Cultural and economic contacts with the South German area, Northern Europe, Central and Northern Lower Austria as well as Moravia and the Lausitz Culture can be identified through some objects.

TEXTILES IN MOTION - Dress for danc in the ancient World (Ancient Textiles Series 41), Audrey Guy, 2023

Movements, dance and sound of the Early Iron Age in Central Europe are rarely discussed. Some con... more Movements, dance and sound of the Early Iron Age in Central Europe are rarely discussed. Some contemporary
pictorial sources give hints at dance movements. Dance attracts people not only visually, but also by sound – that
of the music, but also other sounds that are created by the person moving. In Hallstatt culture, brooches with
rattling pendants as well as jingles, bells and other sounding artefacts have been used as personal ornaments
and were attached to garments, especially those of rich women. In an interdisciplinary approach, the interplay
between rattling pendants and bells that have been attached to clothing is studied. The sounds of the objects
create acoustic fields, influence the acoustic environment of the people and thus their listening habits.
Such an acoustic code of clothing of Iron Age ladies of the upper social strata is created. This will also be set
in context with depictions of movement on contemporary pottery decorations and situla art and with idiophones
from the western Hallstatt area.

Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 96, 2021

Orders can currently be placed via email to verlagbeier@online.de. Bestellungen sind zurzeit übe... more Orders can currently be placed via email to verlagbeier@online.de.

Bestellungen sind zurzeit über E-Mail an verlagbeier@online.de möglich.

Chapter 20: Abstracts

Stadler Peter, Kotova Nadezhda

In Chapter 1 the new results of magnetic prospection are shown. Including all excavations and former prospection, we now have 125 – 135 houses constructed from about 5650 to 5050 BC. If we take all into account, there might be up to 150 houses, thus making Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz by far the largest settlement of the LPC, beginning in the Formative phase.

Chapter 2 presents the triangulation map and aerial photos of site 3. Aerial photos were taken on a flight with a helicopter in the excavation year 1999.

In Chapter 3 Alexander Minnich presents statistics of all newly detected hearths and ovens, in which he interpreted the houses in the triangulation map with the exception of those already discussed in volume 1, mostly from site 2.

Chapter 4 investigates technological aspects and the shape of pottery from site 3.

In Chapter 5 the ornamentation of pottery from Brunn site 3 is shown and cast into a typology.

Chapter 6 shows the clay objects, which are amulets and bells, with their parallels in eastern Europe.

In Chapter 7 Beate Pomberger discusses further musical instruments from Brunn – vessel flutes and bells made from ceramics and their parallels in eastern Europe.

In Chapter 8 similarities between the features of the Formative phase of Brunn site 2 are compared with Brunn site 3.

Chapter 9 is the Bayesian approach to a house sequence, for about 27 houses. Only in these houses enough information – radiocarbon dates and ceramics – was available. The same radiocarbon data used in this way can be used for a sequencing of the phases.

In Chapter 10 is given the chronology of the Brunn Sites in the context of the Linear Pottery Culture.

In Chapter 11 Nadezhda Kotova tries to give a sequence of houses from site 3, by using different parameters, such as topography, orientation, climate, seriation, and radiocarbon data.

In Chapter 12 we give an overview of rock materials found at all sites of Brunn Wolfholz.

In Chapter 13 we present a typology of the macrolithic artefacts.

In Chapter 14 a complete dataset of macrolithic artefacts from Brunn Wolfholz is shown.

In Chapter 15 we present a stray find of a stone axe from a geological inspection.

Chapter 16 deals with the further investigation of petrographic and mineralogical analyses of additional selected pottery from the excavation Brunn am Gebirge (locality Wolfholz) from sites 1, 3 and 4 and a comparison with some reference samples.

Chapter 17 disproves our hope to identify Hungarian sites, from where we thought some imported ceramics of Brunn came from.

In Chapter 18 our student Yanik Hahnekamp investigates the topographical situation of LPC
Cemeteries and settlement burials in comparison with the distribution of Mesolithic and LPC settlements.

Diplomarbeit Universität Wien, 2009

Diplomarbeit, 2009

The prehistoric necropolis in the area “Rheintal-Süd” is part of the municipality of Mannersdorf ... more The prehistoric necropolis in the area “Rheintal-Süd” is part of the municipality of Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge. It is located on a gravel terrace of the river Leitha, about 2, 8 km off the townchurch. That area had already been used as graveyard during the early and the middle Bronze Age. It was used again as graveyard in the older late Bronze Age and several hundred years later during the Latène. The local historians Friedrich Opferkuh and Heribert Schutzbier started to rescue the first findings. From 1978 – 1984 the departement for maintaining soil monuments of the Federal Office for preservation of monuments undertook rescue excavations guided by Gustav Melzer.
55 graves of the “Urnenfelder” Culture could be identified, a majority of which had been disarranged or completely destroyed. All graves were typical flat graves of the “Mitteldonauländische Urnenfelder” Culture dug shallowly under humus soil. The architecture of the graves can principally be classified into two types: Type I is longish-rectangle-shaped with or without rests of stone covering, Type II round oval to circle round. Type I showed only one way of burials: cremation heaped on the ground, whereas Type II in addition contained cremation in urns. The longish-rectangle pits were mostly oriented toward northwest-southeast. Tomb 72 and tomb 194 are exceptions as they are directed to northeast-southwest, grave 53 is aligned with east-west. Possibly some characteristic points of the nearby hills, the so called “Leithagebirge”, played a special role within the orientation of the tombs. The ashes of the cremated corpses were mostly placed in that part of the grave pits, which pointed to the west, sometimes they were in the middle of the graves. Ceramics however were placed on different positions, for example alongside the longitudinal axis, or on the southeast part of the pit. Bronze artefacts could be traced in 40 % of the tombs. In most cases parts of the traditional costumes, as needles, fibulas, rings, pendants/razors, and knives were cremated with the corps and thus are only preserved in deformed condition. Some Bronze artefacts as knives and arrowheads, were put intact into the tombs. All pieces show traces of having been used. A large part of the ceramics and bronze objects typically represent the older “Mitteldonauländische Urnenfelder” Culture of the period “Baierdorf-Velatize”. Therefore the necropolis has to be dated in the period HaA1 until HaA2. Cultural and economic contacts with the South German area, Northern Europe, Central and Northern Lower Austria as well as Moravia and the Lausitz Culture can be identified through some objects.

This interdisciplinary work deals with musical instruments and sound objects of the Neolithic Per... more This interdisciplinary work deals with musical instruments and sound objects of the Neolithic Period, Bronze Age, Iron Age and the Roman Period in the region from the rivers Salzach to the Danube. This territory includes Austria East of the Salzach, the Czech Republic, here especially Moravia, the Western part of Slovakia, the Western Part of Hungary and Slovenia.
385 instruments were researched from relevant literature and 26 collections and accepted in the catalogue, which consists mostly of idiophones, membranophons and winds. The questions of research are dating, classification of the objects concerning periods, cultures, idiographic typology, distribution, science of instruments, way of playing, range of tunes, frequencies, sound levels, acoustic radius in the open air, the maximum quantity of persons who can be placed in the respective radius and who can hear the sounds, and the development of the musical instruments. For answering all these questions first objects, which were not dated, were compared with dated instruments and classified into the corresponding relevant cultures. Several typologies were created in using the pictures of the instruments. Distribution maps are based on the Image Database Montelius of Peter Stadler and GoogleMaps. The scientific classification of instruments followed Hornbostel and Sachs as well as Jänichen. Musician colleagues and I learned to play the instruments. Tone recordings of 153 original instruments and 28 reconstructions were necessary to provide the dates for frequency analyses, which were realized with two programs for audio visualization, an orchestral tuner and the ear. Sound level measurements were done with a sound level meter in the closed room and calculated for the open air. For making statements concerning the maximum quantity of persons who can be placed in the respective radius and who can hear the sounds a new method was created by me. At least using all these dates I could make statements about a development of the musical instruments. 56 plates with pictures, 24 plates with photos, 36 plates of the acoustic radius, 11 plates of distribution and 287 plates with frequency analyses are completing the work.

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Im Projekt "Metallene Idiophone von 800 BC bis 800 AD" werden hunderte Fundstücke von Schellen, G... more Im Projekt "Metallene Idiophone von 800 BC bis 800 AD" werden hunderte Fundstücke von Schellen, Glocken und anderem Klangschmuck aus Ausgrabungsstätten in ganz Mitteleuropa historisch, metallurgisch und akustisch analysiert. Um die Originalklänge der stark korrodierten Objekte zu rekonstruieren, wurden unter Beachtung der metallurgischen Zusammensetzung und aus der Zeit bekannten Herstellungstechniken aufwändig etliche möglichst exakte Replikate angefertigt und akustisch analysiert (Pomberger et al., 2021). Zeitlich und geografisch unterscheiden sich die Fundstücke stark, in der Eisenzeit tritt vermehrt diverser Klangschmuck in Form von Anhängern auf, in der römischen Kaiserzeit vorwiegend Glocken und in der Awarenzeit primär Schellen. Diese Typen von Klangschmuck unterscheiden sich auch deutlich in den (psycho-)akustischen Befunden, wie Lautheit, Schärfe, Impulshaltigkeit, Tonalität, Helligkeit und vielen weiteren Parametern (Mühlhans et al., 2022). Schmuckidiophone wurden vorwiegend von wohlhabenden Frauen als Statussymbol getragen, aber auch rituell (Volksglauben an apotropäische Wirkung) und in der Jagd als Signalgeber verwendet (Pomberger et al., 2022). Im Gegensatz zur Verwendung kann über die soziokulturelle Wahrnehmung oder Akzeptanz der Klänge nur spekuliert werden. Vorgestellt wird der erste Teil einer Experimentalreihe, in der zunächst die Klangwahrnehmung aus heutiger Sicht in einem Online-Hörversucht untersucht wurde, und in weiterer Folge Menschen beim Tragen dieser Schmuckidiophone im Alltag untersucht werden.

, 2022

Table of the investigated pellet bells forged from metal sheet - Avar Period, Early Middle Ages/E... more Table of the investigated pellet bells forged from metal sheet - Avar Period, Early Middle Ages/Europe, within the research project "Metallic Idiopohnes between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe" Austrina Science Fonds FWF and Natural History Museum Vienna

“Imagination of Dance in Hallstatt Culture” (Project „Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 ... more “Imagination of Dance in Hallstatt Culture” (Project „Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe“)

Choreography according to pictorial sources in Early Iron Age Central Europe (Hallstatt Culture), jewellery and costumes after artefacts from graves, salt mines and ritual cave site.

Dancers’ costumes: Hallstatt, AT (Iron Age cemetery and salt mine) and the Býčí skála Cave, CZ.

Dance: Georgina Babinszki, Theresa Prem
Choreography: Beate Maria Pomberger

Music: ArchäoMusik Vienna
Beate Maria Pomberger (Eastern Hallstatt Lyre)
Ingrid Wagner-Kraft (Schirndorf Lyre)
Bernhard Winkler (Frame drum)

Costumes: Karina Grömer, Beate Maria Pomberger

Cut Video Recording (Mastering): Jörg Mühlhans

Project lead: Beate Maria Pomberger

Logos: FWF – NHM-Wien – Universität Wien

"... An den beginn der 99. Ausgabe der "Archaeologia Austriaca" dürfen wir die Bekanntgabe der Ge... more "... An den beginn der 99. Ausgabe der "Archaeologia Austriaca" dürfen wir die Bekanntgabe der Gewinner des Preises für den besten Artikel des vergangenen Hefts 97-98/2013-2014 stellen. Unser wissenschaftlicher Beirat hat sich für den Beitrag "Forschungen zur Akustik der Prähistorie. Versuch einer raum- und instrumentenakustischen Analyse prähistorischer Bauten und Instrumente" entschieden. Als Preis wird der verfasserin und den Verfassern Beate Maria , Jörg Helmut Mühlhans und Christoph Reuter ein Bücherpaket des Instituts für Orientalische und Europäische Archäologie überreicht. Im Namen des Herausgebergremiums und des Redaktionsteams möchten wir der Gewinnerin und den gewinnern herzlich gratulieren. (ArchA 99, 2015, 7.)

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Sound recordings of original Roman bells from Vindobona (ancient Vienna) and Avar pellet bells fr... more Sound recordings of original Roman bells from Vindobona (ancient Vienna) and Avar pellet bells from the cemeteries Csokorgasse 1110 Wien and Wien-Liesing (1230 Wien).

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Sound recordings of original bells from Ovila, Roman Wels (AT).

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Sound recordings of original pellet bells and bells from the archaeological collection of the Slo... more Sound recordings of original pellet bells and bells from the archaeological collection of the Slovak National Museum Bratislava, SK.

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Original sound recordings of pellet bells from Avar Age cemetery Komárno IX (Lodenica cemetery), ... more Original sound recordings of pellet bells from Avar Age cemetery Komárno IX (Lodenica cemetery), graves 65, 86, 107.

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Sound recordings of the Roman bells and the Early Middle Ages pellet bells from Vás County, Hunga... more Sound recordings of the Roman bells and the Early Middle Ages pellet bells from Vás County, Hungary, kept in the Savaria Museum Szombathely.

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Soundrecordings of original pellet bells and bells from the Avar and Carolingian Period kept in t... more Soundrecordings of original pellet bells and bells from the Avar and Carolingian Period kept in the Balaton Museum Keszthely, Hungary.

NHMW Data Repository, 2024

Sound recordings of the original pellet bells and bells from the Avar period kept in the collecti... more Sound recordings of the original pellet bells and bells from the Avar period kept in the collection of the Great Migration Period of the Hungarian national Museum Budapest.

This Video presents the sounds of the bronze pendants, discovered in the Byci skala Cave in Morav... more This Video presents the sounds of the bronze pendants, discovered in the Byci skala Cave in Moravia near Brno, which are conserved in the Prehistorical Departement of the Natural History Museum Vienna. This Video is part of the Project "Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe".
FWF/Hertha Firnberg Project “Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD in Central Europe”
Created by Beate Maria Pomberger and Jörg Mühlhans (Archaeological Sounds)
© Archaeological Sounds

Ensemble Ars serena, Vienna, plays improvisations for Kithara and Aulos

Jene zwei Schellen, die im Museum Hallstatt, Oberösterreich, aufbewahrt werden, stammen aus dem O... more Jene zwei Schellen, die im Museum Hallstatt, Oberösterreich, aufbewahrt werden, stammen aus dem Ortsteil Hallstatt – Lahn. Vermutlich wurden sie bei der von Friedrich Morton und Ferdinand Wiesinger oberhalb des Salzbergweges im Echerntal durchgeführten Grabung entdeckt. Sie datieren in die frühe Neuzeit. Hören Sie ihren Originalklang!

Sounds of the bronze bells from the late Avaric cemetery ov Vösendorf, Loweraustria. - Video on Y... more Sounds of the bronze bells from the late Avaric cemetery ov Vösendorf, Loweraustria. - Video on Youtube

Pellet bells from the cemetery of the Avaric Vösendorf/Laxenburgerstrasse: Soundfile auf Youtube ... more Pellet bells from the cemetery of the Avaric Vösendorf/Laxenburgerstrasse:
Soundfile auf Youtube / Sound file on Youtube:
https://youtu.be/ayZunkOkusc