Odunayo Olawuyi | University of Ibadan Nigeria (original) (raw)
Papers by Odunayo Olawuyi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Odeniyi OA, Olawuyi OJ, Ogunsanya O, Unuofin JO. 2022. Occurrence of common core structure and ge... more Odeniyi OA, Olawuyi OJ, Ogunsanya O, Unuofin JO. 2022. Occurrence of common core structure and genotype-specific signatures among the Vibrio of environmentally diverse vended crabs and shrimps from selected Lagos seafood markets, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 23: 3081-3090. This study investigated the occurrence of Vibrio species from the gastrointestinal tract of vended crabs and shrimps using Multiplex polymerase chain reactions (Multiplex PCR) method. Different primer pairs were used to detect the presence of hsp, sodB, SodB-R, ctx, toxR, and Vchol virulent genes in the samples. The phylogenetic relationships among the Vibrio species were determined and the polymorphic information content of selected Vibrio primer products was generated using Powermarker V3.25 Dendo-UPGMA program based on Jaccard's coefficient. The detection of Vibrio virulence genes confirmed the presence of Vibrio species in the DNA extracts of 19 out of the 60 crustacean samples. Among the Vibrio species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most frequently identified species (47.4%), followed by Vibrio cholerae (36.8%), and Vibrio mimicus (15.8%), while the presence of Vibrio vulnificus was not detected in the crab and shrimp samples. Phylogenetically, the Vp.tdh primer constituted the highest allele number, gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 18.00, 0.9444 and 0.9415, respectively, while the mean of the Vp.tdh and Vp.trh primer sequence combination was polymorphic (0.7153). Among the 19 positive Vibrio strains, different major clusters and subclusters were identified, indicating the relatedness between the identified species. The result of this study indicates that the innocuously vended crab and shrimp samples are indeed reservoirs of pathogenic Vibrio species whose consumption by humans might affect the health of the general populace.
ABSTRACT Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor f... more ABSTRACT Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor for malnourishment in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and adoption should be intensified where resource poor farmers cannot afford N fertilizer and drought on maize at grain filling stage is frequent. This study compares the quality index, protein, tryptophan and lysine contents of normal extra-early drought-tolerant and their quality protein maize hybrids under sub-optimal and optimal soil N conditions. Four normal drought-tolerant and their respective QPM hybrids were planted under no (0 kg N ha-1), low (30 kg N ha-1) and optimal (90 kg N ha-1) fertilizations at Oke Oyi, Ilorin in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with the N rates as main plot and the eight cultivars as sub-plots. Each plot within N levels was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The normal cultivars outyielded the QPM versions across N rates with no significance difference. There is a linear increase in all protein qualities with increase in N rates among QPM, while normal maize counterparts had a linear decline with increase in N fertilization. The QPM cultivars also maintained their endosperm protein qualities across N rates. Across N environments, the grain quality characters, such as crude protein, tryptophan, and lysine contents in grain, showed a significant negative relationship with grain yields, which were relatively much stronger under low-N stress. 99TY, TYEEC4, 99TYQ and 20SYNEEWQ have viable traits that could be explored for the development of maize varieties with good grain yield and better protein qualities to improve protein availability in maize based diets and feed for large population of man and livestock.
Five accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus, obtained from two research and academic institution in... more Five accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus, obtained from two research and academic institution in Nigeria were used to access the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizea (AM), Poultry Manure (PM), Inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and the synergy of Arbuscular mycorrhizea (AM) and Poultry Manure (PM) on the growth and yield of okra. This experiment was a 5 x 5 factorial, laid out in a Randomized Complete block design with 5- replications. The experiment was a pot experiment carried out at the Babcock University horticultural garden (rain forest ecology). This experiment was carried out during the late planting season of November 2011 to January 2012. Data were collected on nine yield related characters. The combined Analysis of Variance showed significance treatment, accession, replication and accession x treatment interaction effects on majority of the trait evaluated at 0.01 and 0.05 probabilities. Combination of AM-PM treatment produced a significantly high results in the traits observed thou...
Journal of Plant Sciences and Crop Protection, 2018
Sorghum bicolor ranks fifth most important cereal crop in the world, and is the first plant of Af... more Sorghum bicolor ranks fifth most important cereal crop in the world, and is the first plant of African origin whose genome had been sequenced. A large amount of the grains in the African continent, for instance 85 to 95% produced in Nigeria, are consumed as food; a smaller amount is used in brewery and as industrial raw materials [1]. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the largest and most ancient family of transmembrane proteins with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans. Systematic searches were performed using PSI-Blast program on NCBI to identify sorghum ABC transporters. The identified proteins were subjected to phylogenetic and domain topology analyses and were classified and named according to the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) system of classification and unified plant nomenclatural system. As part of the survey, the subcellular location, presence of signal peptide and physicochemical parameters were determined. The results from the genomic survey showed that 100 ABC transporters were identified and classified as ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCI. Seventy one proteins encode intrinsic membrane proteins containing nucleotide-binding and transmembrane domains (NBD and TMD) and 28 encode proteins without TMDs. The Sorghum bicolor ABC transporter family consists of 61 full-size molecules, 9 halfsize molecules, 3 three-quarter-size molecules, and 26 quarter-size molecules. One of the proteins (GI-992164873) has neither TMD nor NBD. A majority of the proteins are located in the plasma membrane. Signal peptide was observed in SbABCB11, SbABCB34, SbABCC4, SbABCC21, and SbABCI3. The proteins had varying values of physicochemical parameters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are largest members of diverse proteins constituting the most ancient families with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans [2]. They are transmembrane proteins that use the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding and hydrolysis to perform certain biological processes including translocation of various solutes across membranes and non-transport-related processes such as DNA repair and translation of RNA. They transport wide ranging substances across extra-and intracellular plant membranes, including metabolic products, coating and supportive materials, defense molecules, and plant hormones that modulate the overall physiology, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses [3]. Thus arabidopsis ABC transport proteins such as ABCG12, ABCG11, ABCG13 have been shown to play roles in movement of cuticular lipids such that the corresponding mutants exhibits negative phenotypic and physiological aberrations [4-8]. In addition, ABC transporters including AtABCG26 and OsABCG15 have been reported to have important functions in depositing sporopollenin, which is a major component of the outer exine layer of plant spores and pollen [3,9-11]. AtABCG9 and AtABCG31 play important roles in pollen coat maturation [12]. The ABCG transporters NpPDR1/NpABC1 and NtPDR1 are involved in responds to pathogenic attacks by responding to levels of sclareol and jasmonate [13,14]. Similarly, the Coptis japonica ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCB2 are involved in plant defense by catalyzing the import of berberine, a potent antimicrobial compound [15,16]. ABC proteins also transport cytokinins, which facilitate communication between the shoot and root systems, abscisic acid that mediates tolerance to stress and inhibition of seed germination, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA and indole 3-butyric acid, IBA) that regulates growth and tropism, and strigolactone that is involved in plant-microbe interactions and control of shoot branching [17-25]. Furthermore ABC proteins mediate transport of metabolic intermediates and peroxisomes, which supply the required energy for germination of oil-hiving away seeds being the
Scientia Agriculturae, 2016
This study was carried out in Osogbo township of Osun State, Nigeria to isolate and determine pre... more This study was carried out in Osogbo township of Osun State, Nigeria to isolate and determine prevalence and pathogenicity of microorganisms associated with deterioration of sweet orange fruits. Twenty samples of 20 infected and 20 non-infected sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L) were collected from four open markets (Akindeko, Igbonna, Oja-Oba and Sabo markets) each. The samples were transported immediately to Fountain University Microbiology Laboratory for pathogenic analysis. The oranges were rinsed with distilled water and serially diluted in 10 folds. The highest three dilutions were considered for microbial count analysis. Each of the orange was cut and the liquid content inoculated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar, incubated at 37 0 C and 25 0 C respectively. They were observed for seven days, and the different colonies isolated using the slide culture technique. Biochemical analyses of the culture showed that Apergillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia spp, Rhizopus spp and Shigella spp had the highest load. Pathogens prevalence revealed that Staphylococcus spp had highest (12.63%) at Sabo, 4.94% at Igbonna and 10.43% at Akindeko. Aspergillus spp with 6.60% and 17.58% loads were identified at Sabo and Oja-Oba respectively. Rhizopus spp had 21.97% at Oja-Oba, E. coli, 17.58% at Igbonna and Shigella spp, 8.24% at Akindeko. Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus spp were the most active microbes with respective 100% and 90% infections, while the least active microbes were Staphylococcus spp and Shigella spp. Harvesting fruits at the suitable periods and stored the harvested orange fruits under controlled conditions could aid in retarding the microbial growth of post-harvest spoilage of pathogenic microorganisms.
The yield losses in maize production in tropical Africa including Nigeria are threatened by a num... more The yield losses in maize production in tropical Africa including Nigeria are threatened by a number of unfavourable biotic agents of which Striga lutea is included. The activities of biotic factors depend on genetic constitution of the cultivars and stage of growth at the time of infection. Therefore, field experiments were carried out for two years in humid climate of striga endemic locations in Nigeria, to investigate the interaction of quality protein maize genotype×concentration of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on early maturing traits and yield related components under striga artificial infestation. The early and maturing traits include; number of days from sowing to: emergence (DSE), production of primary (DSP), secondary (DSS), tertiary leaflets (DST), tasseling (DT), 50% silking (DSK) and yield related components: plant aspect, plant harvest, ear aspect, ear harvest and plant stand were evaluated using factorial split model according to the standard procedure. The genot...
The therapeutic effects of some higher fungi – Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces ro... more The therapeutic effects of some higher fungi – Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces robustus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus pulmonarius and their blend (mixture extract) against some pathogenic bacteria infected in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were studied. The bacteria used include E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa, Streptococcus feacalis, and B. subtilis suspension of 0.1mlcfu intraperitoneally administered 7 days pre-fungi extract administration. Survival rates of the experimental rats were discovered to increase significantly. P. tuber-regium had the best therapeutic effect against the test bacteria.The pathological changes observed on the liver and kidney tissues from histological studies were reversed while they reduced to mild conditions in some. Undoubtedly, extracts from the studied fungi have therapeutic abilities against the test organisms.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013
In this work, we investigated the availability of antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical ag... more In this work, we investigated the availability of antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical agents native to Impatiens edgeworthii in various extraction solvents. The fractional extracts obtained for different solvents showed substantial levels total phenolic (124-430 mg/g GAE), anti-radical potential (32-89 %) and total antioxidant capacity 0.3-0.8 versus gallic acid and butylated hydroxy toluene having total antioxidant capacity value 0.85-1.2. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, sugars, alkaloids and saponins. in vitro disc diffusion assay showed that all the extracts of I. edgeworthii have the antimicrobial activity comparable with standard antibiotics. Furthermore, among tested solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) ethyl acetate was found to be more effective for the recovery of phytochemicals, phenolics, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. The results of present study indicate I. edgeworthii is latent source of potential bioactive and might be further explored for the development of chemopreventive drugs and nutraceuticals.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual crop and tropical nutritious vegetable that is sens... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual crop and tropical nutritious vegetable that is sensitive to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests resulting to economic loss in tomato globally. The use of chemicals and other biological methods have been employed in the management of T. absoluta, but there are limited information on the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus clarum) which is environmentally friendly, and the molecular primers associated with resistance of tomato to T. absoluta. Screen house experiment was conducted at the nursery farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan to investigate the response of tomato to T. absoluta and G. clarum using morphological and molecular techniques. A total of eight tomato varieties which consisted of four varieties from TechnoServe Nigeria Limited, Katsina State, three from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan and one from Ojoo market,...
Bio-Research, 2022
This study characterized five (5) varieties of mango comprising 15 accessions collected from Ogbo... more This study characterized five (5) varieties of mango comprising 15 accessions collected from Ogbomosho, Saki, Ibadan and other locations in Oyo State. The field experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Morphological characters were assessed on the stem, leaf and fruit. Also, Molecular studies (DNA amplification and sequencing) were carried out on 15 accessions of mango. The edited sequences were blasted in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data website. The Results showed variability in morphological characters of Mango. Ogbomosho Acc-2 performed best for leaf width (4.53cm) and lamina length (16.25cm) while Isehin Acc-1 had the highest number of leaves per seedling (7.76cm), leaf length (17.06cm), leaf area (38.84cm), petiole length (2.27cm), plant height (24.07cm) respectively. The Number of leaves had positive correlation with Leaf length (r=0.53), Leaf Area (r=0.59), Internodal Length (r= 0.55) and strong positive...
The field experiment was conducted in the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria bet... more The field experiment was conducted in the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between September to December 2012. Four accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.), obtained from Moor plantation in Ibadan and LUTH (Lagos University Teaching Hospital) vegetable garden, Idi-Araba Lagos were evaluated to investigate the morpho-agronomic variability and interaction of accession × treatment × days after transplant in treatment combinations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus clarum) and cowdung. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined analysis of variance showed significant accession, treatment, days after transplant, and accession × treatment interactive effect for most of the growth characters at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05. The result also showed significant difference in yield related traits of fruits for pepper accessions. The number of leaves per plant was significant and positively associated with plant height (r = 0.516; P < 0.05), and highly significant and positively correlated with the number of branches (r = 0.836; P < 0.01), but * Corresponding author. O. J. Olawuyi et al. 684 negative and non-significantly related with stem girth. Glomus clarum treated plants responded significantly with higher growth and yield. It suggested that G. clarum treatment had higher potential in influencing crop yield compared to cowdung and untreated plants. This study further explored the relationship between G. clarum and cow dung in pepper production.
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017
The molecular and genetic assessments of the seeds of five Amaranthus genotypes in four treatment... more The molecular and genetic assessments of the seeds of five Amaranthus genotypes in four treatment combinations of Arbuscular mycorrhiza Fungus (Glomus clarum) and Green manure (Leucaena leucocephala) were evaluated using SSR maker with four primers. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replicates. Heritability of growth traits were higher than yield traits for treated Amaranthus genotypes. The plant height had strong positive correlation with stem length (r=0.8919), inflorescent length (r=0.6150) and inflorescent width (r=0.6004). Prin 1 accounted for the highest variation with proportion of 0.4197 and eigenvalue of 5.8765. The study detected the polymorphism, gene and allelic diversity and established phylogenetic relationships among the Amaranthus population. NGBO1271 treated with G. clarum + L. leucocephala had the highest concentration of extracted DNA (4039.2ul), while NGBO1234 treated with G. clarum and NGBO1234 treated with L. leucocephala had highest genomic DNA nanodrop of 2.14 gl. A total of 15 alleles were detected and number of allele per primer ranged from 3 to 5 with mean value of 3.75. The highest allelic frequency of 0.75 was recorded for ASAAC005 and ASAAC006. However, ASAAC001 primer was polymorphic (66.86%), with highest allele number and allele diversity of 5.0000 and 0.7200 respectively. The result from Nei's coefficient also confirmed genetic variation based on the total gene diversity and gene diversity per locus. The dendogram among the treated Amaranthus genotypes showed their phylogenetic relationship which can be useful in selection of closely related genotypes for desirable traits. Therefore, NGBO1234 and NGBO1271, G. clarum and L. leucocephala could be suitable genotypes and further explored in genetic improvement of crops. Also, ASAAC001 primer could be considered in molecular breeding of Amaranthus and other vegetables.
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2017
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the heritability, genetic variance, agro-morpholog... more The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the heritability, genetic variance, agro-morphological and yield characters of Sixteen Amaranthus genotypes. The seeds of the sixteen (16) genotypes of Amaranthus evaluated in this study were;
Bio-Research, 2021
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus clarum) has been used widely as a bio-amendment and bi... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus clarum) has been used widely as a bio-amendment and bio-control agent in several biotechnological studies. In this study, biofortification of maize with provitamin A using AMF was investigated. Five maize varieties (V1 = white drought-resistant maize, V2= yellow provitamin A maize, V3= white drought-tolerant maize, V4= yellow striga-resistant maize and V5= white striga-resistant maize) were evaluated in a screen house experiment laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments: T1 = maize + AMF before planting, T2 = maize + AMF, inoculated two weeks after planting and T3 (control) = maize only, and four replications. The result showed that AMF significantly (p<0.05, p = 0.0029) increased the provitamin A level of the maize varieties. White drought-tolerant maize (V3) had the highest provitamin A content (581.57 µg) after harvest, while the least (288.33 µg) was found in white drought-resistant maize (V1). Also, the effect...
Tropical Plant Research, 2016
Decayed ripened tomato fruit contaminated with spores and toxins with relatively heat resistant c... more Decayed ripened tomato fruit contaminated with spores and toxins with relatively heat resistant could poised food poisoning in humans and animals. This research investigated the effect of antibiotic sensitivity of fungi and bacteria isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit in Osogbo markets, Nigeria. One hundred decayed fruit of tomato were procured from three main markets (Igbonna, Oja Oba and Sabo) within the metropolis. Fungi and bacteria were cultured on Sabourand dextrose, MacConkey and Tomato juice agar media. Eight species of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and six fungi (Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium spp.) were isolated and characterized. Fungal isolates were highly virulent compared with bacteria in the decayed tomato fruit. Sabo market had the most ...
![Research paper thumbnail of Genotypic variations in the inhibitory potentials of four combined botanicals on mycelia growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99725275/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Tropical Plant Research, 2015
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidi... more The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and 75mg ml concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4, 6 and 8 day after inoculation. Data obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia, Morm...
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2020
This study focused on characterization of common Fusarium strains causing ear rot disease of maiz... more This study focused on characterization of common Fusarium strains causing ear rot disease of maize and potentials of controlling them using arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus clarum Nicol. & Sch. and G. deserticola Trappe, Bloss & Menge). Maize ear showing rot symptoms were obtained from ten (10) different farms in Osun State, Nigeria using random sampling technique and subjected to fungal isolation. The two dominant and most virulent strains (olowILH1 and olowILH2) were further characterized based on morphological and molecular ITS-amplification methods. Responses of maize varieties PVASYN8F2, T2LCOMP1STRSYN-W-1 and T2LCOMP.4 from different agro-ecological zones to selected Fusarium ear rot pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of mycorrhizal fungi were further assessed on growth, yield, and symptoms observed. Selected ear rot pathogens were identified as Fusarium napiforme, they exhibited varying inhibitory effects on tested maize varieties compare to the control (uninfected plant) which had better growth characteristics. T2LCOMP4 was more susceptible to both fungal strains as compared to the other maize varieties (T2LCOMP1STRSYN-W-1 and T2LCOMP4). It was further observed that treatment of most susceptible maize variety (T2LCOMP4) with both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in-vivo yielded better suppression of ear rot disease, although Glomus clarum had higher antagonistic/control effect on these pathogens as compared to G. deserticola.
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2019
Malaria is a global menace that claimed many lives. The potential of mushroom at appropriate dosa... more Malaria is a global menace that claimed many lives. The potential of mushroom at appropriate dosage, concentrations and suitable condition especially as antiplasmodial agents against malaria is important. Therefore, this study investigated the interactive effects of some fungi extracts (Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces robustus) and their combinations with malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei berghei in BALB/c strain albino mice. Intraperitoneal injection of experimental animals with 0.2 mL of 5x106 parasitized blood was done before or after oral administration of the extracts of 0.1 mL fungi extracts at five concentrations. There were 3 replicates. The percentage parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), the weight loss of the albino mice were monitored. The extract; and concentration levels recorded highly significant (p< 0.01) effects on the parasitemic level (137.96; 329.26), PCV (4539.48; 2357.93) and weights (53.46;...
American Journal of Molecular Biology, 2019
The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplifie... more The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/µl) was recorded in ON4 from Ikare, while the highest DNA concentration of 1.93 gl was found in OS3 from Ilesa. The highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and gene diversity of 93.77% and 0.94 respectively were revealed by primer OPO2 compared to other primers. The dendogram generated from Unweighted Pair Group with Mean Average (UPGMA) clustering delineated two groups, A and B, consisting of 21 and 4 accessions respectively. This study clearly showed the level of molecular diversity in the accessions and the information provided could be utilized for genetic improvement and conservation of Garcinia kola.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Odeniyi OA, Olawuyi OJ, Ogunsanya O, Unuofin JO. 2022. Occurrence of common core structure and ge... more Odeniyi OA, Olawuyi OJ, Ogunsanya O, Unuofin JO. 2022. Occurrence of common core structure and genotype-specific signatures among the Vibrio of environmentally diverse vended crabs and shrimps from selected Lagos seafood markets, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 23: 3081-3090. This study investigated the occurrence of Vibrio species from the gastrointestinal tract of vended crabs and shrimps using Multiplex polymerase chain reactions (Multiplex PCR) method. Different primer pairs were used to detect the presence of hsp, sodB, SodB-R, ctx, toxR, and Vchol virulent genes in the samples. The phylogenetic relationships among the Vibrio species were determined and the polymorphic information content of selected Vibrio primer products was generated using Powermarker V3.25 Dendo-UPGMA program based on Jaccard's coefficient. The detection of Vibrio virulence genes confirmed the presence of Vibrio species in the DNA extracts of 19 out of the 60 crustacean samples. Among the Vibrio species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most frequently identified species (47.4%), followed by Vibrio cholerae (36.8%), and Vibrio mimicus (15.8%), while the presence of Vibrio vulnificus was not detected in the crab and shrimp samples. Phylogenetically, the Vp.tdh primer constituted the highest allele number, gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 18.00, 0.9444 and 0.9415, respectively, while the mean of the Vp.tdh and Vp.trh primer sequence combination was polymorphic (0.7153). Among the 19 positive Vibrio strains, different major clusters and subclusters were identified, indicating the relatedness between the identified species. The result of this study indicates that the innocuously vended crab and shrimp samples are indeed reservoirs of pathogenic Vibrio species whose consumption by humans might affect the health of the general populace.
ABSTRACT Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor f... more ABSTRACT Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor for malnourishment in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and adoption should be intensified where resource poor farmers cannot afford N fertilizer and drought on maize at grain filling stage is frequent. This study compares the quality index, protein, tryptophan and lysine contents of normal extra-early drought-tolerant and their quality protein maize hybrids under sub-optimal and optimal soil N conditions. Four normal drought-tolerant and their respective QPM hybrids were planted under no (0 kg N ha-1), low (30 kg N ha-1) and optimal (90 kg N ha-1) fertilizations at Oke Oyi, Ilorin in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with the N rates as main plot and the eight cultivars as sub-plots. Each plot within N levels was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The normal cultivars outyielded the QPM versions across N rates with no significance difference. There is a linear increase in all protein qualities with increase in N rates among QPM, while normal maize counterparts had a linear decline with increase in N fertilization. The QPM cultivars also maintained their endosperm protein qualities across N rates. Across N environments, the grain quality characters, such as crude protein, tryptophan, and lysine contents in grain, showed a significant negative relationship with grain yields, which were relatively much stronger under low-N stress. 99TY, TYEEC4, 99TYQ and 20SYNEEWQ have viable traits that could be explored for the development of maize varieties with good grain yield and better protein qualities to improve protein availability in maize based diets and feed for large population of man and livestock.
Five accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus, obtained from two research and academic institution in... more Five accessions of Abelmoschus esculentus, obtained from two research and academic institution in Nigeria were used to access the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizea (AM), Poultry Manure (PM), Inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and the synergy of Arbuscular mycorrhizea (AM) and Poultry Manure (PM) on the growth and yield of okra. This experiment was a 5 x 5 factorial, laid out in a Randomized Complete block design with 5- replications. The experiment was a pot experiment carried out at the Babcock University horticultural garden (rain forest ecology). This experiment was carried out during the late planting season of November 2011 to January 2012. Data were collected on nine yield related characters. The combined Analysis of Variance showed significance treatment, accession, replication and accession x treatment interaction effects on majority of the trait evaluated at 0.01 and 0.05 probabilities. Combination of AM-PM treatment produced a significantly high results in the traits observed thou...
Journal of Plant Sciences and Crop Protection, 2018
Sorghum bicolor ranks fifth most important cereal crop in the world, and is the first plant of Af... more Sorghum bicolor ranks fifth most important cereal crop in the world, and is the first plant of African origin whose genome had been sequenced. A large amount of the grains in the African continent, for instance 85 to 95% produced in Nigeria, are consumed as food; a smaller amount is used in brewery and as industrial raw materials [1]. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the largest and most ancient family of transmembrane proteins with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans. Systematic searches were performed using PSI-Blast program on NCBI to identify sorghum ABC transporters. The identified proteins were subjected to phylogenetic and domain topology analyses and were classified and named according to the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) system of classification and unified plant nomenclatural system. As part of the survey, the subcellular location, presence of signal peptide and physicochemical parameters were determined. The results from the genomic survey showed that 100 ABC transporters were identified and classified as ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCI. Seventy one proteins encode intrinsic membrane proteins containing nucleotide-binding and transmembrane domains (NBD and TMD) and 28 encode proteins without TMDs. The Sorghum bicolor ABC transporter family consists of 61 full-size molecules, 9 halfsize molecules, 3 three-quarter-size molecules, and 26 quarter-size molecules. One of the proteins (GI-992164873) has neither TMD nor NBD. A majority of the proteins are located in the plasma membrane. Signal peptide was observed in SbABCB11, SbABCB34, SbABCC4, SbABCC21, and SbABCI3. The proteins had varying values of physicochemical parameters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are largest members of diverse proteins constituting the most ancient families with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans [2]. They are transmembrane proteins that use the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding and hydrolysis to perform certain biological processes including translocation of various solutes across membranes and non-transport-related processes such as DNA repair and translation of RNA. They transport wide ranging substances across extra-and intracellular plant membranes, including metabolic products, coating and supportive materials, defense molecules, and plant hormones that modulate the overall physiology, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses [3]. Thus arabidopsis ABC transport proteins such as ABCG12, ABCG11, ABCG13 have been shown to play roles in movement of cuticular lipids such that the corresponding mutants exhibits negative phenotypic and physiological aberrations [4-8]. In addition, ABC transporters including AtABCG26 and OsABCG15 have been reported to have important functions in depositing sporopollenin, which is a major component of the outer exine layer of plant spores and pollen [3,9-11]. AtABCG9 and AtABCG31 play important roles in pollen coat maturation [12]. The ABCG transporters NpPDR1/NpABC1 and NtPDR1 are involved in responds to pathogenic attacks by responding to levels of sclareol and jasmonate [13,14]. Similarly, the Coptis japonica ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCB2 are involved in plant defense by catalyzing the import of berberine, a potent antimicrobial compound [15,16]. ABC proteins also transport cytokinins, which facilitate communication between the shoot and root systems, abscisic acid that mediates tolerance to stress and inhibition of seed germination, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA and indole 3-butyric acid, IBA) that regulates growth and tropism, and strigolactone that is involved in plant-microbe interactions and control of shoot branching [17-25]. Furthermore ABC proteins mediate transport of metabolic intermediates and peroxisomes, which supply the required energy for germination of oil-hiving away seeds being the
Scientia Agriculturae, 2016
This study was carried out in Osogbo township of Osun State, Nigeria to isolate and determine pre... more This study was carried out in Osogbo township of Osun State, Nigeria to isolate and determine prevalence and pathogenicity of microorganisms associated with deterioration of sweet orange fruits. Twenty samples of 20 infected and 20 non-infected sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L) were collected from four open markets (Akindeko, Igbonna, Oja-Oba and Sabo markets) each. The samples were transported immediately to Fountain University Microbiology Laboratory for pathogenic analysis. The oranges were rinsed with distilled water and serially diluted in 10 folds. The highest three dilutions were considered for microbial count analysis. Each of the orange was cut and the liquid content inoculated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar, incubated at 37 0 C and 25 0 C respectively. They were observed for seven days, and the different colonies isolated using the slide culture technique. Biochemical analyses of the culture showed that Apergillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia spp, Rhizopus spp and Shigella spp had the highest load. Pathogens prevalence revealed that Staphylococcus spp had highest (12.63%) at Sabo, 4.94% at Igbonna and 10.43% at Akindeko. Aspergillus spp with 6.60% and 17.58% loads were identified at Sabo and Oja-Oba respectively. Rhizopus spp had 21.97% at Oja-Oba, E. coli, 17.58% at Igbonna and Shigella spp, 8.24% at Akindeko. Rhizopus spp and Aspergillus spp were the most active microbes with respective 100% and 90% infections, while the least active microbes were Staphylococcus spp and Shigella spp. Harvesting fruits at the suitable periods and stored the harvested orange fruits under controlled conditions could aid in retarding the microbial growth of post-harvest spoilage of pathogenic microorganisms.
The yield losses in maize production in tropical Africa including Nigeria are threatened by a num... more The yield losses in maize production in tropical Africa including Nigeria are threatened by a number of unfavourable biotic agents of which Striga lutea is included. The activities of biotic factors depend on genetic constitution of the cultivars and stage of growth at the time of infection. Therefore, field experiments were carried out for two years in humid climate of striga endemic locations in Nigeria, to investigate the interaction of quality protein maize genotype×concentration of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on early maturing traits and yield related components under striga artificial infestation. The early and maturing traits include; number of days from sowing to: emergence (DSE), production of primary (DSP), secondary (DSS), tertiary leaflets (DST), tasseling (DT), 50% silking (DSK) and yield related components: plant aspect, plant harvest, ear aspect, ear harvest and plant stand were evaluated using factorial split model according to the standard procedure. The genot...
The therapeutic effects of some higher fungi – Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces ro... more The therapeutic effects of some higher fungi – Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces robustus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus pulmonarius and their blend (mixture extract) against some pathogenic bacteria infected in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were studied. The bacteria used include E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa, Streptococcus feacalis, and B. subtilis suspension of 0.1mlcfu intraperitoneally administered 7 days pre-fungi extract administration. Survival rates of the experimental rats were discovered to increase significantly. P. tuber-regium had the best therapeutic effect against the test bacteria.The pathological changes observed on the liver and kidney tissues from histological studies were reversed while they reduced to mild conditions in some. Undoubtedly, extracts from the studied fungi have therapeutic abilities against the test organisms.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013
In this work, we investigated the availability of antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical ag... more In this work, we investigated the availability of antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical agents native to Impatiens edgeworthii in various extraction solvents. The fractional extracts obtained for different solvents showed substantial levels total phenolic (124-430 mg/g GAE), anti-radical potential (32-89 %) and total antioxidant capacity 0.3-0.8 versus gallic acid and butylated hydroxy toluene having total antioxidant capacity value 0.85-1.2. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, sugars, alkaloids and saponins. in vitro disc diffusion assay showed that all the extracts of I. edgeworthii have the antimicrobial activity comparable with standard antibiotics. Furthermore, among tested solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) ethyl acetate was found to be more effective for the recovery of phytochemicals, phenolics, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. The results of present study indicate I. edgeworthii is latent source of potential bioactive and might be further explored for the development of chemopreventive drugs and nutraceuticals.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual crop and tropical nutritious vegetable that is sens... more Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an annual crop and tropical nutritious vegetable that is sensitive to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests resulting to economic loss in tomato globally. The use of chemicals and other biological methods have been employed in the management of T. absoluta, but there are limited information on the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus clarum) which is environmentally friendly, and the molecular primers associated with resistance of tomato to T. absoluta. Screen house experiment was conducted at the nursery farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan to investigate the response of tomato to T. absoluta and G. clarum using morphological and molecular techniques. A total of eight tomato varieties which consisted of four varieties from TechnoServe Nigeria Limited, Katsina State, three from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan and one from Ojoo market,...
Bio-Research, 2022
This study characterized five (5) varieties of mango comprising 15 accessions collected from Ogbo... more This study characterized five (5) varieties of mango comprising 15 accessions collected from Ogbomosho, Saki, Ibadan and other locations in Oyo State. The field experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Morphological characters were assessed on the stem, leaf and fruit. Also, Molecular studies (DNA amplification and sequencing) were carried out on 15 accessions of mango. The edited sequences were blasted in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data website. The Results showed variability in morphological characters of Mango. Ogbomosho Acc-2 performed best for leaf width (4.53cm) and lamina length (16.25cm) while Isehin Acc-1 had the highest number of leaves per seedling (7.76cm), leaf length (17.06cm), leaf area (38.84cm), petiole length (2.27cm), plant height (24.07cm) respectively. The Number of leaves had positive correlation with Leaf length (r=0.53), Leaf Area (r=0.59), Internodal Length (r= 0.55) and strong positive...
The field experiment was conducted in the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria bet... more The field experiment was conducted in the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between September to December 2012. Four accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.), obtained from Moor plantation in Ibadan and LUTH (Lagos University Teaching Hospital) vegetable garden, Idi-Araba Lagos were evaluated to investigate the morpho-agronomic variability and interaction of accession × treatment × days after transplant in treatment combinations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus clarum) and cowdung. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined analysis of variance showed significant accession, treatment, days after transplant, and accession × treatment interactive effect for most of the growth characters at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05. The result also showed significant difference in yield related traits of fruits for pepper accessions. The number of leaves per plant was significant and positively associated with plant height (r = 0.516; P < 0.05), and highly significant and positively correlated with the number of branches (r = 0.836; P < 0.01), but * Corresponding author. O. J. Olawuyi et al. 684 negative and non-significantly related with stem girth. Glomus clarum treated plants responded significantly with higher growth and yield. It suggested that G. clarum treatment had higher potential in influencing crop yield compared to cowdung and untreated plants. This study further explored the relationship between G. clarum and cow dung in pepper production.
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017
The molecular and genetic assessments of the seeds of five Amaranthus genotypes in four treatment... more The molecular and genetic assessments of the seeds of five Amaranthus genotypes in four treatment combinations of Arbuscular mycorrhiza Fungus (Glomus clarum) and Green manure (Leucaena leucocephala) were evaluated using SSR maker with four primers. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replicates. Heritability of growth traits were higher than yield traits for treated Amaranthus genotypes. The plant height had strong positive correlation with stem length (r=0.8919), inflorescent length (r=0.6150) and inflorescent width (r=0.6004). Prin 1 accounted for the highest variation with proportion of 0.4197 and eigenvalue of 5.8765. The study detected the polymorphism, gene and allelic diversity and established phylogenetic relationships among the Amaranthus population. NGBO1271 treated with G. clarum + L. leucocephala had the highest concentration of extracted DNA (4039.2ul), while NGBO1234 treated with G. clarum and NGBO1234 treated with L. leucocephala had highest genomic DNA nanodrop of 2.14 gl. A total of 15 alleles were detected and number of allele per primer ranged from 3 to 5 with mean value of 3.75. The highest allelic frequency of 0.75 was recorded for ASAAC005 and ASAAC006. However, ASAAC001 primer was polymorphic (66.86%), with highest allele number and allele diversity of 5.0000 and 0.7200 respectively. The result from Nei's coefficient also confirmed genetic variation based on the total gene diversity and gene diversity per locus. The dendogram among the treated Amaranthus genotypes showed their phylogenetic relationship which can be useful in selection of closely related genotypes for desirable traits. Therefore, NGBO1234 and NGBO1271, G. clarum and L. leucocephala could be suitable genotypes and further explored in genetic improvement of crops. Also, ASAAC001 primer could be considered in molecular breeding of Amaranthus and other vegetables.
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2017
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the heritability, genetic variance, agro-morpholog... more The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the heritability, genetic variance, agro-morphological and yield characters of Sixteen Amaranthus genotypes. The seeds of the sixteen (16) genotypes of Amaranthus evaluated in this study were;
Bio-Research, 2021
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus clarum) has been used widely as a bio-amendment and bi... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus clarum) has been used widely as a bio-amendment and bio-control agent in several biotechnological studies. In this study, biofortification of maize with provitamin A using AMF was investigated. Five maize varieties (V1 = white drought-resistant maize, V2= yellow provitamin A maize, V3= white drought-tolerant maize, V4= yellow striga-resistant maize and V5= white striga-resistant maize) were evaluated in a screen house experiment laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments: T1 = maize + AMF before planting, T2 = maize + AMF, inoculated two weeks after planting and T3 (control) = maize only, and four replications. The result showed that AMF significantly (p<0.05, p = 0.0029) increased the provitamin A level of the maize varieties. White drought-tolerant maize (V3) had the highest provitamin A content (581.57 µg) after harvest, while the least (288.33 µg) was found in white drought-resistant maize (V1). Also, the effect...
Tropical Plant Research, 2016
Decayed ripened tomato fruit contaminated with spores and toxins with relatively heat resistant c... more Decayed ripened tomato fruit contaminated with spores and toxins with relatively heat resistant could poised food poisoning in humans and animals. This research investigated the effect of antibiotic sensitivity of fungi and bacteria isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit in Osogbo markets, Nigeria. One hundred decayed fruit of tomato were procured from three main markets (Igbonna, Oja Oba and Sabo) within the metropolis. Fungi and bacteria were cultured on Sabourand dextrose, MacConkey and Tomato juice agar media. Eight species of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and six fungi (Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium spp.) were isolated and characterized. Fungal isolates were highly virulent compared with bacteria in the decayed tomato fruit. Sabo market had the most ...
Tropical Plant Research, 2015
The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidi... more The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and 75mg ml concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4, 6 and 8 day after inoculation. Data obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia, Morm...
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2020
This study focused on characterization of common Fusarium strains causing ear rot disease of maiz... more This study focused on characterization of common Fusarium strains causing ear rot disease of maize and potentials of controlling them using arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus clarum Nicol. & Sch. and G. deserticola Trappe, Bloss & Menge). Maize ear showing rot symptoms were obtained from ten (10) different farms in Osun State, Nigeria using random sampling technique and subjected to fungal isolation. The two dominant and most virulent strains (olowILH1 and olowILH2) were further characterized based on morphological and molecular ITS-amplification methods. Responses of maize varieties PVASYN8F2, T2LCOMP1STRSYN-W-1 and T2LCOMP.4 from different agro-ecological zones to selected Fusarium ear rot pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of mycorrhizal fungi were further assessed on growth, yield, and symptoms observed. Selected ear rot pathogens were identified as Fusarium napiforme, they exhibited varying inhibitory effects on tested maize varieties compare to the control (uninfected plant) which had better growth characteristics. T2LCOMP4 was more susceptible to both fungal strains as compared to the other maize varieties (T2LCOMP1STRSYN-W-1 and T2LCOMP4). It was further observed that treatment of most susceptible maize variety (T2LCOMP4) with both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in-vivo yielded better suppression of ear rot disease, although Glomus clarum had higher antagonistic/control effect on these pathogens as compared to G. deserticola.
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2019
Malaria is a global menace that claimed many lives. The potential of mushroom at appropriate dosa... more Malaria is a global menace that claimed many lives. The potential of mushroom at appropriate dosage, concentrations and suitable condition especially as antiplasmodial agents against malaria is important. Therefore, this study investigated the interactive effects of some fungi extracts (Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus, Termitomyces robustus) and their combinations with malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei berghei in BALB/c strain albino mice. Intraperitoneal injection of experimental animals with 0.2 mL of 5x106 parasitized blood was done before or after oral administration of the extracts of 0.1 mL fungi extracts at five concentrations. There were 3 replicates. The percentage parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), the weight loss of the albino mice were monitored. The extract; and concentration levels recorded highly significant (p< 0.01) effects on the parasitemic level (137.96; 329.26), PCV (4539.48; 2357.93) and weights (53.46;...
American Journal of Molecular Biology, 2019
The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplifie... more The genetic relationships among twenty-five accessions of Garcinia kola using six Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) primers were evaluated in this study. The highest volume of total genomic DNA (2218/µl) was recorded in ON4 from Ikare, while the highest DNA concentration of 1.93 gl was found in OS3 from Ilesa. The highest Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and gene diversity of 93.77% and 0.94 respectively were revealed by primer OPO2 compared to other primers. The dendogram generated from Unweighted Pair Group with Mean Average (UPGMA) clustering delineated two groups, A and B, consisting of 21 and 4 accessions respectively. This study clearly showed the level of molecular diversity in the accessions and the information provided could be utilized for genetic improvement and conservation of Garcinia kola.
Sixteen genotypes of maize were evaluated for genetic variability and character associations in t... more Sixteen genotypes of maize were evaluated for genetic variability and character associations in the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria for 90 days in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. Perforated polythene bags (18 × 9 cm) were filled with 6kg sandy-loam soil and were spaced at a distance of 10 cm apart between rows. Three seeds from each genotype were then planted per bag without treatment in three replicates. Data on plant and stem height, leaf width, leaf length and number of leaves were collected after planting at 14 days interval on each replicate for a particular genotype. The plant height of EVDT.Y200STRQPM genotype was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other genotypes, while genotype pairs; TZE-OR2DTSTRQPM and 2009TZE-ORIDTSTRQPM, TZEI 22, TZEI 98 and OBANTAPA, TZEI 4, TZEI 161, BODIJA as well as EVDT-W99STR, OJO, 98SYNWECSTRQPM were similar to each other. The result of correlation coefficient shows that stem height was highly significant and positively correlated with the plant height (p < 0.01; r = 0.91). The genotype is negative and non-correlated with plant height, stem height, leaf width and number of leaves, but positive and non-significantly associated with leaf length, replicate and week after planting.
Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L... more Genetic characterization of morphological and yield traits in ten genotypes of Celosia argentea L. was evaluated at the Research Farm of the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of analysis of variance carried out on early morphological characters of C. argentea L. at 3, 4, and 5weeks after sowing showed significant (p<0.05/p<0.01) effects except for number of leaves per plant and leaf width at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing, respectively. The replicates in blocks produced varying observable effects on the genotypes while genotype x replicate showed significant variation on morpho-agronomic and yield traits except number of days to flowering at 50 days and fruit length at maturity. Also, from the result of the mean separation, it is shown that NG/MAY/09/015 performed the best for plant height at flowering, leaf length at flowering, leaf width at flowering, and root biomass. NG/SA/07/213 produced the highest mean values of number of flowers per plant, leaf biomass and pod weight at maturity. The highest values of number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity (FLM) were observed for NG/TO/MAY/09/015, while NG/AO/MAY/09/015 had the highest for pod weight at maturity. The result of principal component axis also showed that Prin 1 accounted for highest Eigen Vector of 38.62% from the total variation. NG/MAY/09/015 (R 2) genotype produced the highest Eigen Vector of 6.705 from Prin 1. The correlation result showed that plant height had a significant positive association with seed weight at maturity, pod weight at maturity, number of primary branches and fruit length at maturity, while similar association existed between leaf biomass, number of primary branches and pod weight at maturity, as well as between plant height at flowering and pod weight at maturity. Again, the number of primary branches is also positive and significantly correlated with plant height, root biomass and leaf length. Furthermore, the results of dendrogram and minimum spanning tree revealed variations in genetic relatedness and distance, respectively, which exist among the population of the C. argentea L.
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The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidi... more The ethanol extracts of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava were evaluated sole and in treatment combinations at 25, 50 and 75mg ml-1 concentration levels against the mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina of Cowpea. The pathogen was cultured on plates containing botanicals amended Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) in three replicates while only ethanol treated PDA tested plates served the control experiment. The radial growths were recorded at 4 th , 6 th and 8 th day after inoculation. Data obtained were analysed using the SAS software program version 9.2. The extract of Mormordica charantia was the most effective in the botanical treatments alone. The most significant inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina were observed from the combined treatments of Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.11 cm), followed by Mormordica charantia and Psidium guajava (3.29 cm), then combination of four extracts; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia, Anacardium occidentals and Psidium guajava (3.53 cm), then Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals (3.84 cm). Other treatments, either alone or in combination produced significant result compared to the control experiment (6.94 cm). However, the efficacy of botanicals increased with concentration and also significantly correlated with time and reduction in mycelia extension of the pathogen. More so, variability in the antifungicidal potentials of the botanicals on Macrophomina phaseolina ranges from 15.93% to 34.06% according to Eigen proportions. The treatment combinations of; Ficus asperifolia, Mormordica charantia and Anacardium occidentals at 75mg ml-1 concentration level produced the most inhibitory effect against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. However, the untreated plates did not show inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Therefore, combined treatments of botanicals could be a potential source in the practise of plant disease control.
This study was carried out to isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms associated with dete... more This study was carried out to isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms associated with deterioration of tomato fruits. Fruit samples of infected and non-infected tomatoes were collected from two open markets, Oja-Oba and Sabo in Osogbo, Nigeria. Each of the tomato was cut and the liquid content inoculated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar, incubated at 37 0 C and 25 0 C, respectively, and observed from 24 hours to 5 days, after which different colonies obtained were identified using slide culture technique. Two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp, as well as two fungi Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer were observed in the tomato samples in both markets. Prevalence indices revealed that isolated pathogens is higher at Sabo market than Oja-Oba market. Pathogenicity tests also revealed that both of bacteria and fungi caused fruit decay. Consumers' awareness on potential health hazards of consuming relatively cheaper and pathogen contaminated spoilt fruits should be intensified.
Genetic control and heterosis depend directly on genetic divergence among the parents in generati... more Genetic control and heterosis depend directly on genetic divergence among the parents in generating promising hybrids required by plant breeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of heterosis, combining abilities, regression and correlation estimates in order to develop hybrid cultivars in maize. The 28 F1 hybrids obtained by partial diallel cross of 8 inbreds in a randomized complete block design were evaluated at the Lower Niger River Basin Authority, Oke-Oyi, Nigeria in three years. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) produced significant (P < 0.01) effects for all the characters, while non-additive genetic effects were predominant. The levels of heterosis for grain yield varied widely among crosses, ranging from-16.83 to 9.76%. Positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations among grain yield and some related characters (days to anthesis and silking; plant and ear heights; number of ears plant-1 and 1000 seed weight) showed that each character could be used indirectly to selection of grain yield. These results also indicated that SCA was more effective than heterosis for describing hybrid performance. The regression of actual hybrid characters on the expected hybrid characters, based on parental GCA values, was highly significant. Regression analysis also showed that all the agronomic characters jointly contributed 19.4% to grain yield of maize. The inbreds (Pop 66 SR and 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4) and crosses (Pop 66 SR x, 2000 EV DT-Y STRC4, Pop 66 SR x KU1409 and 9006 x KU1409) featured prominently with respect to better GCA × Year and SCA × Year effects with high heterotic values for maize grain yield and associated characters. These inbreds could serve as donors to obtain early and short statured hybrids with higher yield, while the crosses may be exploited and adapted to the Nigerian Savannas. This study also affirmed that genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients as well as combining abilities, heterosis and regression analyses were found to be suitable models for yield improvement in maize breeding.