Abdominal Muscles Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Due to multiparity, woman face abdominal weakness due to consecutive increase of size of uterus and hormonal changes and this can be measured using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). That force of expiration is less in multipara women... more

Due to multiparity, woman face abdominal weakness due to consecutive increase of size of uterus and hormonal
changes and this can be measured using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). That force of expiration is less in
multipara women than uniparous or nulliparous women since abdominal muscle are responsible for it. To evaluate
the presence of abdominal muscle weakness in multipara woman by measuring peak expiratory flow rate. 100
participants were selected who were multipara women from 18-45 years of age and with postpartum period of at
least one year women who were known case of hernia, stress incontinence, musculoskeletal disorder of spine,
respiratory disorder or facial palsy. Material-Airflow® Peak flow meter, Peak flow meter measurement and Manual
Muscle testing of abdominal muscle were done and then the results were co related. By the acquired statistics it was
concluded that there is no co-relation between the measurement of PEFR and prediction of abdominal weakness
in multipara women. In future PEFR can be used as a test to detect abdominal weakness and further preventive
measures can be taken.

The objective of this study was to determine differences in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus (SOL), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), abdominal stabilizers (AS), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbo-sacral... more

The objective of this study was to determine differences in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus (SOL), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), abdominal stabilizers (AS), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbo-sacral erector spinae (LSES) muscles while performing squats of varied stability and resistance. Stability was altered by doing the squat movement on a Smith machine, a free squat, and while standing on two balance discs. Fourteen male subjects performed the movements. Activities of the SOL, AS, ULES, and LSES were highest during the unstable squat and lowest with the Smith machine protocol (p < 0.05). Increased EMG activity of these muscles may be attributed to their postural and stabilization role. Furthermore, EMG activity was higher during concentric contractions compared to eccentric contractions. Performing squats on unstable surfaces may permit a training adaptation of the trunk muscles responsible for supporting the spinal column (i.e., erector...

Fat necrosis is one of the most common complications following free flap breast reconstruction. Although a minor complication, fat necrosis can compromise esthetic results and confuse with cancer recurrence. Perfusion-related factors and... more

Fat necrosis is one of the most common complications following free flap breast reconstruction. Although a minor complication, fat necrosis can compromise esthetic results and confuse with cancer recurrence. Perfusion-related factors and post-operative radiotherapy are the known risks. However, the influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on fat necrosis prevalence remains unknown. Our initial experience of 88 consecutive breast reconstructions with free abdominal flaps was reviewed. The prevalence of fat necrosis was recorded and the risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The overall prevalence of fat necrosis was 36.4% in this series. In a multivariate logistic regression model, adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased the risk of fat necrosis. The relative risk was 4.762 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.767-12.831; p = 0.002). There was no evidence of a specific chemotherapeutic agent causing fat necrosis. The first cycle of adjuva...

The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects... more

The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises – trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.

Randomized prevention trial. To compare the long-term effect of strengthening versus flexibility exercises and to evaluate the additional effect of abdominal bracing in recurrent low back pain (LBP). No conclusions could be made regarding... more

Randomized prevention trial. To compare the long-term effect of strengthening versus flexibility exercises and to evaluate the additional effect of abdominal bracing in recurrent low back pain (LBP). No conclusions could be made regarding appropriate exercise types or parameters in recurrent LBP. Abdominal bracing increases trunk stiffness; however, its long-term effect has not been evaluated in recurrent LBP yet. Six hundred patients with recurrent LBP participated. They were randomized into 4 groups-150 patients (age: 42.5 ± 12.7) performed strengthening exercises; 150 patients (age: 41.3 ± 11.5) performed flexibility exercises; 150 patients (age: 41.0 ± 13.2) performed strengthening exercises and used abdominal bracing in daily activities/exercises; and 150 patients (age: 40.6 ± 12.3) performed flexibility exercises and used abdominal bracing in daily activities/exercises. At the beginning of the study and at the end of 10 consecutive years were recorded 6 outcomes-frequency, intensity, and duration of pain, as well as frequency, intensity, and duration of exercises. Regarding the first 4 outcomes-all groups showed improvement from the beginning to the second year, but worsening from the second to the 10th year; there was no difference between strengthening and flexibility groups; bracing groups showed better results versus nonbracing groups. Intensity, frequency, and duration of the pain correlated with each other and with frequency of the exercises, but not with exercise duration or intensity. The exercise frequency is more important than the type, duration, or intensity of the exercise. Abdominal bracing adds to the exercise effect. It could be considered as a &amp;amp;quot;preliminary muscle back belt on demand&amp;amp;quot; increasing the trunk stiffness and the frequency of the trunk muscle contractions/cocontractions without interruption of daily activities, which may remind/convince the patients to exercise more frequently. Frequent exercising and bracing seems effective long-term prevention advices in recurrent LBP. 2.

A clinical test of the function of the deep abdominal muscles was compared to a laboratory electromyographic (EMG) investigation of the contribution of transversus abdo-minis (TrA) to stability of the lumbar spine during limb movement.... more

A clinical test of the function of the deep abdominal muscles was compared to a laboratory electromyographic (EMG) investigation of the contribution of transversus abdo-minis (TrA) to stability of the lumbar spine during limb movement. The two different functions of TrA were evaluated in 15 subjects. The subject group included six subjects with chronic low back pain and nine subjects with no history of low back pain so that the resultant recordings were spread over a wide range for each test. The clinical test involved quantification of the ability of the subjects to specifically displace the anterior abdominal wall in a way consistent with the function of the muscle. This was evaluated by use of a device designed to measure pressure reduction as the abdomen lifted off a transducer in the prone position. The laboratory test involved determination of the onset of contraction of TrA associated with rapid upper limb movement, measured using fine-wire EMG electrodes. The parameter evaluated was the latency between the contraction of TrA and the prime mover of the limb. Data were analysed both as absolute values and as ordinal data of a three-rating scale derived from criteria based on current knowledge of the response to both tests. No significant correlation was found between the absolute magnitudes of the pressure and timing data, however, comparison of the rating scale data indicated a significant relationship between the tests and associated high level of agreement between the two measures. The results of the study indicate that a reduction in the ability to draw in the abdominal wall is related to changes in the coordination of TrA, although the magnitude of the changes were not correlated. The degree of causality between these co-varying but independent manifestations of the function of TrA is uncertain. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

The increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) commonly observed when the spine is loaded during physical activities is hypothsized to increase lumbar spine stability.The mechanical stability of the lumbar spine is an important... more

The increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) commonly observed when the spine is loaded during physical activities is hypothsized to increase lumbar spine stability.The mechanical stability of the lumbar spine is an important consideration in low back injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies. This study examined the effects of raised IAP and an abdominal belt on lumbar spine stability. Two hypotheses were tested:

Clinical, radiologic, and neurophysiologic description of 2 cases. To describe 2 cases with spontaneous deep unilateral abdominal pain as the first symptom of thoracic disc herniation at a low thoracic vertebral level, further manifested... more

Clinical, radiologic, and neurophysiologic description of 2 cases. To describe 2 cases with spontaneous deep unilateral abdominal pain as the first symptom of thoracic disc herniation at a low thoracic vertebral level, further manifested by unilateral partial paresis of the obliquus abdominis muscle. Clinical manifestation of lateral thoracic disc herniation with electrophysiologic results and conservative therapy as treatment of choice when spinal cord functions are preserved. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral paramedian disc protrusions at T12-L1 in Patient 1 and foraminal herniation at T10-T11 and paramedian herniation at T11-T12 in Patient 2. Electromyography (EMG) and evoked potentials were investigated in the acute stage and after 6 months. Spontaneous activity on needle EMG confirmed axonal root impairment. Somatosensory and motor-evoked potentials were within normal limits and excluded spinal cord involvement. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and periradicular injection of steroids and local anesthetics rendered both patients pain-free. Normalization of muscle strength within 3 to 6 months was accompanied by EMG findings of reinnervation. Lateral disc herniation causing compression of a thoracic root associated with unilateral segmental paresis of the abdominal wall is a rare condition. Despite EMG documentation of axonal root lesion, however, a purely conservative therapeutic approach may be considered treatment of choice in cases without spinal cord involvement.

Optimal perioperative analgesia for infants and children after major abdominal surgery poses a challenge when central neuraxial techniques are contraindicated. As a regional anesthesia technique, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP)... more

Optimal perioperative analgesia for infants and children after major abdominal surgery poses a challenge when central neuraxial techniques are contraindicated. As a regional anesthesia technique, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown to reduce opioid consumption and improve pain scores compared to traditional perioperative pain strategies. Accordingly, TAP blocks may be considered as an alternative to central neuraxial analgesia to optimize perioperative pain control. Advancements in ultrasound technology have further improved the reliability and safety profile of this technique. Despite growing recognition of the diverse clinical scenarios where TAP blocks may be of benefit, its use among pediatric anesthesiologists remains limited. This article describes the history, anatomy, and a review of the current literature on TAP blocks with an emphasis on outcomes in pediatric patients.

The abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) with cocontraction has been shown to be a more effective method of activating the transversus abdominis (TrA) in healthy adults than the ADIM alone. Whether such an augmented core stabilization... more

The abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) with cocontraction has been shown to be a more effective method of activating the transversus abdominis (TrA) in healthy adults than the ADIM alone. Whether such an augmented core stabilization exercise is effective in managing low back pain (LBP) remains uncertain. To determine the effect of 2 weeks of ADIM and cocontraction training on abdominal muscle thickness and activation timing and to monitor pain and function in patients with LBP. Case-control study. Local orthopaedic clinic and research laboratory. Twenty patients with mechanical LBP (age = 27.20 ± 6.46 years, height = 166.25 ± 8.70 cm, mass = 58.10 ± 11.81 kg) and 20 healthy, age-matched people (age = 24.25 ± 1.59 years, height = 168.00 ± 8.89 cm, mass = 60.65 ± 11.99 kg) volunteered for the study. Both the LBP and control groups received ten 30-minute sessions of ADIM and cocontraction training of the tibialis anterior (TA) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles over a 2-week period. A sepa...