Bilinguals Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Nowadays, the fact of lack of knowledge of bilingualism due to the changed volume ratio in the teaching of writing is becoming more and more apparent, especially to learners with intellectual disabilities. The emergence of complex processes marks this fact is interference and convergence of speech, which are sources of better speaking and writing in bilingualism. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific difficulties of teaching writing to younger bilingual schoolchildren with ID and to develop a productive speech therapy system for the prevention and correction of violations of higher mental functions that they have. The object of research is the features of teaching children with speech deficiency and with ID to writing in bilingual conditions. The subject of the research is the process of preventing and overcoming problems in the bilingual conditions of teaching children with speech and ID functions deficiency.

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- Identidad, Case Study, Special Needs, Bilinguals

Nowadays, the lack of knowledge of bilingualism due to the changed volume ratio in the teaching of writing is becoming more and more obvious, especially to learners with intellectual disabilities. The emergence of complex processes marks this fact as interference and convergence of speech, which are better speaking and writing sources in bilingualism. The purpose of the study is to identify the specific difficulties of teaching writing to younger bilingual schoolchildren with ID and to develop a productive speech therapy system for the prevention and correction of violations of higher mental functions that they have. The object of research is the features of teaching children with speech deficiency and with ID to writing in bilingual conditions. The research subject is the process of preventing and overcoming problems in the bilingual conditions of teaching children with speech and ID function deficiency.

- by Lifescience Global Canada
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- Special Education, Case Study, Special Needs, Bilinguals

This study reviews concepts and the mechanism of empathy, and the relationship
between empathy and language proficiency, focusing on the aspect of cognitive empathy.
It also discusses whether empathy levels could be developed by learning language to a
highly proficient level. I compared the empathy levels between high and low proficiency
second-language learners to determine if there was correlation between empathy and
other factors such as gender, studying abroad, education background, and usage of a
second language. I found that there was no relationship between empathy level and
language proficiency level; however, there was one between empathy and gender. For
further research, I suggest continuing studies in executive function in adults, especially
adult bilinguals (including highly proficient second language learners), and to investigate
how executive function in adults influences behavior and empathy development.

- by Mika Sakai
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- Global Citizenship, Intercultural Competence, Executive Function, Empathy

The simultaneous use of two or more foreign languages inter- or intra- sententially made by bilinguals is not an activity only recently adopted. Since the Middle Ages and beyond, there have been many sources which record blends of multilingual utterances. However, Schendl (2002), analysing mixed-language medieval texts, highlights that several researchers before him regarded these documents “as instances of artificial, sometimes highly artistic language-play or as exercises of clerics and students, while the non-literary mixed-language texts were predominantly seen as reflecting the insufficient language competence of some medieval writer or scribe”(p.51). For this reason, only recently research has begun to focus on multilingualism and the early use of multiple languages in the past. [...]

- by Flavia Ciarciaglini
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- Languages and Linguistics, Linguistics, University of Warwick, Bialystok

BM 120015 is an unpublished interlinear Sumero-Akkadian personal prayer, an Old Babylonian version of the first-millennium prayer known as gi-izi-lá gùr-ru “(I am) carrying a torch”. In what follows, we refer to BM 120015 as the OB version of the prayer, while the first-millennium manuscripts (all from Nineveh) constitute the FM version. In the Introduction (I), we discuss the orthography and grammar of the Akkadian and the Sumerian text of the prayer and analyze its content. The edition and translation of the OB version, accompanied by a philological commentary, come next (II). In the Discussion (III), we outline the multifarious changes that occurred in the transmission of the prayer from the second millennium to the first millennium – both in the Sumerian and in the Akkadian versions. The function of the imprints of fingernails found on the OB tablet is also examined

- by Nathan Wasserman
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- Performativity, Sumerian & Akkadian literature, Old Babylonian period, Emesal

This study explored language dominance, verbal fluency, and language control abilities of two groups of younger and older Russian–English bilinguals who had spent similar amounts of time as immigrants in the U.S. Verbal fluency tasks (based on letter and semantic cues, including a new method to elicit parallel letter-fluency data for Russian and English) were used to measure the bilinguals’ current lexical retrieval skills in addition to self-assessments of language proficiencies at time of study and time of arrival. Stroop tasks (naming colors with incongruent cues) were used to measure younger and older bilinguals’ ability to control interference during color-naming. Findings demonstrate that the older immigrants were less fluent in L2 naming tasks and that they remained dominant (more proficient) in their L1 whereas the younger immigrants had become relatively balanced bilinguals in terms of proficiency, fluent in both the L1 and L2. Younger and older bilinguals were equally capable of controlling interference across and within the two languages. We propose that it is not balance in bilingual proficiency that positively affects language control abilities, but balance as stability of language systems. Stability of language systems can be achieved if bilingual usage patterns remain relatively constant over several years and if no radical changes in language learning and maintenance efforts are required.

- by Elena Shishkin and +1
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- Verbal Fluency, Lexical retrieval, Interference, Language Dominance

Dyslexia in bilinguals has been of interest for the implications it holds for the understanding of the brain and language. Several types of dissociation have been reported in the acquisition of two or more scripts among developmental dyslexics are relatively rare. This paper describes two such cases of developmental dyslexia in whom learning to read English as compared to Kannada and Hindi (two Indian scripts) were differentially affected. The implications of these findings for the understanding of reading acquisition and models of reading are discussed.

- by Prathibha Karanth
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- Reading, Writing, Dyslexia, Developmental dyslexia

A visual lexical decision task and a cued language-switching task were used to explore the cognitive processing of twoChinese-character compound words in proficient ChineseJapanese bilinguals. Consistent with previous findings, the results showed one-way facilitation and inhibition from L1 to L2 when bilinguals performed lexical decision tasks in both languages respectively. Interactive interference and facilitation were observed in a cued language-switching task. Moreover, language-switching costs were present for both directions of switching, and for both groups of ChineseJapanese bilinguals. However, asymmetry in the cost of switching languages was found only in those bilinguals who speak Chinese as a first language.

- by Kazuhiko Yokosawa
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- Computer Science, Bilinguals

A visual lexical decision task and a cued language-switching task were used to explore the cognitive processing of two-Chinese-character compound words in proficient Chinese-Japanese bilinguals. Consistent with previous findings, the results showed one-way facilitation and inhibition from L1 to L2 when bilinguals performed lexical decision tasks in both languages respectively. Interactive interference and facilitation were observed in a cued language-switching task. Moreover, language-switching costs were present for both directions of switching, and for both groups of Chinese-Japanese bilinguals. However, asymmetry in the cost of switching languages was found only in those bilinguals who speak Chinese as a first language.

- by Kazuhiko Yokosawa
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- Computer Science, Bilinguals

This review addresses the cortical basis of phonetic processing in bilinguals and of phonetic learning, with a focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of phonetic perception. Although results vary across studies depending on
stimulus characteristics, task demands, and participants’ previous experience with the non-native/second-language sounds, taken together, the literature reveals involvement of overlapping brain regions during phonetic processing in the first and second language of bilinguals, with special involvement of regions of the dorsal audio-motor interface including frontal and posterior cortices during the processing of new, or ‘difficult’ speech sounds. These findings converge with the brain imaging literature on language processing in bilinguals more generally, during semantic and syntactic processing of words and of connected speech. More brain imaging work can serve to better elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying phonetic encoding and its interaction with articulatory processes, in particular where multiple phonetic repertoires have been or are being acquired.

- by Narly Golestani
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- Perception, Phonetics, Neuroimaging, Language Learning

In this paper we make one major point: that Roma children in Europe need to be tested in their mother tongue before school placement. Roma children are in a particularly perilous position with respect to their education. We describe the problematic linguistic situation of Roma children, who are bilingual and often bidialectal, but are frequently evaluated in the language of the state for educational placement, a process that has been shown to significantly compromise their chance of success. We then review the considerable empirical evidence that bilingual children must be evaluated in both languages to give a fair assessment of their knowledge and skills. Furthermore, strength in the mother tongue has demonstrable transfer to skills in the second language. We provide a brief summary of a new assessment for Romani that has been used successfully to evaluate children aged 3 to 6 years, and present the results of a new study using it in Slovakia on 29 children aged 3 to 6 years

- by Jill de Villiers
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- Assessment, Romani, Roma Children, Bilinguals
- by eva moreno
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- Electrophysiology, Multilingualism, Cognition, English

Theoretical component of the process of switching code from English language into French in popular magazines, social platforms and books. Abstract: In this paper, we are studying the theoretical foundation of code-switching process through the prism of the most popular linguistic approaches used in the works of modern scholars. Our approach to understanding the theoretical part of the process is based on the analysis of multiple examples, representing every aspect of the language theory mentioned in this work to understand why the interlocutors change codes and prefer one particular language to another. We have combined all the techniques the linguistic schools use in order to conduct a systematic analysis of the phenomenon and we are trying to find the most suitable one by exploring sociolinguistic and psychological approaches. We have chosen code-switching patterns from French language as it is gaining popularity in international magazines, mass media, social networks and literature, due to its elitaire character and the concept that it brings to the phrases or speech, which is "something fashionable", "something exquisite" or "something expensive".

- by Valeriya Antonova and +1
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- Code-Switching, Bilinguals, A sociolinguistic approach, Psycholinguistic Approach