CTBTO Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Monitoring of infrasound has been widely applied in the past to detect nuclear tests. The Limited (Partial) Test Ban Treaty of 1963 confined nuclear test explosions to the underground marking the end of the global interest in infrasound.... more

Monitoring of infrasound has been widely applied in the past to detect nuclear tests. The Limited (Partial) Test Ban Treaty of 1963 confined nuclear test explosions to the underground marking the end of the global interest in infrasound. During the negotiation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, in 1995-96, it became gradually clear that infrasound monitoring should be become one of the four techniques for the treaty’s verification system. The global interest in infrasound has increased significantly since the signature of the CTBT. Meteors are one of the few natural sources mimicking a nuclear. Therefore, it is an ideal object to test detection capability, phase identifiers, localization procedures and propagation models of infrasound and their processing techniques. In this presentation, we will show the results of studies on meteoric-generated infrasound and their implications for infrasound as verification technique. In addition, results of the 2007.09.15 meteor in Per...

mb lo g A pp (n m ) Valerio Materni1,2, Rodolfo Console1, Stefano Chiappini1, Massimo Chiappini1 and Giada Adelfio3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Amaldi”, Università degli studi... more

mb lo g A pp (n m ) Valerio Materni1,2, Rodolfo Console1, Stefano Chiappini1, Massimo Chiappini1 and Giada Adelfio3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Amaldi”, Università degli studi Roma Tre, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche e Matematiche “Silvio Vianelli”, Università di Palermo, Italy DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF SEISMIC REGIONAL DISCRIMINANTS ISS 2009 Conference SEISMO-22/J

NOTE: The National Communications System [NCS] was established by Executive Order (EO) 12472 as a Federal interagency group assigned national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications responsibilities throughout the... more

NOTE: The National Communications System [NCS] was established by Executive Order (EO) 12472 as a Federal interagency group assigned national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications responsibilities throughout the full spec-trum of emergencies. Under the policy objectives stated in EO 12472 and National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 97, these responsibilities include planning for, developing, and implementing enhancements to the national telecommunications infrastructure to achieve measurable improvements in survivability, interoperability, and operational effectiveness under all conditions and seeking greater effectiveness in managing and using national telecommunication resources to support the Government during any emergency. In order to accomplish these responsibilities, the NCS must:

sballar@sandia.gov SAND 2015-XXXX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract... more

sballar@sandia.gov SAND 2015-XXXX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Government, the United States Department of Energy, or the Sandia National Laboratories. Signal Correlator SeisCorr

STATES’ SOVEREIGN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR LAW: CASE OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: sovereignty has still the significance and influence on the sphere of international law as sovereign equality of states is the... more

STATES’ SOVEREIGN RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR LAW: CASE OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM:
sovereignty has still the significance and influence on the sphere of international law as sovereign equality of states is the fundamental principle of international law. To understand the contemporary interpretation of the concept of sovereignty in international law, there is a need for an inquiry into the relationship between sovereignty and international law, while the case of Iran’s nuclear programme is under study of the current research. In this regard, the research intends to analyze the correlation between sovereign rights and legal obligation in the sphere of international nuclear law.

IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Sequeira European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy E-mail address of main author: willem.janssens@jrc.ec.europa.eu To address... more

IAEA-CN-184/200 Innovation in Safeguards RD S. Abousahl; R. Berndt; G. Cojazzi; P. Peerani; V. Sequeira European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy E-mail address of main author: willem.janssens@jrc.ec.europa.eu To address the safeguards challenges in a changing and transnational world, there is a need to combine the "classical" safeguards technologies, with new approaches and tools, which in some cases try to "think outside the box". Research and Development performed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in this area, include advanced monitoring techniques, open source information and satellite imagery analysis, use of trade data and risk based assessment of sensitive technologies. A number of developments are done in close collaboration with its colleagues in other Directorate General of the European Commission (ENER, RELEX, AIDCO, TRADE etc), with the European Safeguards Research and Development Association, with IAEA, US-DOE, with fac...

The International Monitoring System (IMS) is part of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty Organization (CTBTO). At entry-into-force, half of the 80 radionuclide stations will be able to measure... more

The International Monitoring System (IMS) is part of the verification regime for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty Organization (CTBTO). At entry-into-force, half of the 80 radionuclide stations will be able to measure concentrations of several radioactive xenon isotopes produced in nuclear explosions, and then the full network may be populated with xenon monitoring afterward. An understanding of natural and man-made radionuclide backgrounds can be used in accordance with the provisions of the treaty (such as event screening criteria in Annex 2 to the Protocol of the Treaty) for the effective implementation of the verification regime. Fission-based production of (99)Mo for medical purposes also generates nuisance radioxenon isotopes that are usually vented to the atmosphere. One of the ways to account for the effect emissions from medical isotope production has on radionuclide samples from the IMS is to use stack monitoring data, if they are available, and atmospheric transp...

The article discusses the impact of policy and practice of Israel’s nuclear opacity on the already volatile security environment of the region. Besides geographical rivalry that led to several Arab-Israel wars, the Israel nuclear opacity... more

The article discusses the impact of policy and practice of Israel’s nuclear opacity on the already volatile security environment of the region. Besides geographical rivalry that led to several Arab-Israel wars, the Israel nuclear opacity is a key cause of insecurity for other regional actors such as Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia. On contrary, there is a possibility that a nuclear Israel may increase the flux in an already unstable Middle East, along with a number of regional wars fought with the Arab states. It is important to note that Israel is considered as the main hurdle in establishing the Middle Eastern Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (MENWFZ) that could ensure security for the entire region. Moreover, important developments such as recognition of Israel by several Arab states have in recent past to normalise Arab-Israel relations raise a question – how the normalization of relations between Israel and Arab states may affect Israel’s opacity regarding its possession of nuclear weapo...

Generally, agreements made between subjects of international law can adopt diverse contents. Due to their status in international law system, these treaties can play different roles resulting in different repercussions. In this sense,... more

Generally, agreements made between subjects of international law can adopt diverse contents. Due to their status in international law system, these treaties can play different roles resulting in different repercussions. In this sense, lack of a benchmark to be used as distinguishing between treaties and other international instruments might cause problems in the system of international law of treaties because its paradigm has always been the locus of dialectic issues hold between legal scholars. JCPOA is not devoid of this dialectic since it is considered as a new pattern for solving problems in international relations. Hence, it is very important to determine the position of JCPOA in the system of international law, particularly in terms of its role within the international society, nature of subject matter, and parties. Therefore, the present study is aimed at offering an investigation of JCPOA and its comprising columns to come to an answer to the question of whether JCPOA is an ...