Candida Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Identification of Candida cultured from various clinical specimens to the species level is increasingly necessary for clinical laboratories. Although sn PCR identifies the species within hours but its cost-effectiveness is to be... more

Identification of Candida cultured from various clinical specimens to the species level is increasingly necessary for clinical laboratories. Although sn PCR identifies the species within hours but its cost-effectiveness is to be considered. So there is always a need for media which help in the isolation and identification at the species level. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of different chromogenic media and to compare the effectiveness of the traditional phenotypic methods vs. seminested polymerase chain reaction (sn PCR) for identification of Candida species. One hundred and twenty seven Candida strains isolated from various clinical specimens were identified by conventional methods, four different chromogenic media and sn PCR. HiCrome Candida Differential and CHROMagar Candida media showed comparably high sensitivities and specificities in the identification of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. CHROMagar Candida had an extra advantage of identify...

The aim of this study was to identify species of the genus Candida in mucosa of oral cavity and in single-rooted teeth with pulp necrosis with chronic endodontic periapical processes, with radiographic images 2+/-4 mm and without clinical... more

The aim of this study was to identify species of the genus Candida in mucosa of oral cavity and in single-rooted teeth with pulp necrosis with chronic endodontic periapical processes, with radiographic images 2+/-4 mm and without clinical symptomatology, in immunocompetent patients. The study included 82 immunocompetent patients of both sexes aged 18-70 years with a clinical dental diagnosis of septic pulp necrosis. Samples were taken from root canals with sterile # 25 paper points and from oral mucosa with a sterile swab. Seven different Candida species were identified (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilopsis, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata). All of them were present in oral mucosa, while two of them (C. parapsilopsis and C. glabrata) were not identified in the periapical zone of necrotic canals. Considering all the samples isolated from oral mucosa, there was a significantly greater frequency of C. albicans than there was in the periapical zone ...

Objective: the aim of this study was to collect epidemiological and biological data on the etiologic agents of candiduria in diabetics’ patients attending Bafoussam Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Methods: Candida species were identified... more

Objective: the aim of this study was to collect epidemiological and biological data on the etiologic
agents of candiduria in diabetics’ patients attending Bafoussam Regional Hospital in Cameroon.
Methods: Candida species were identified based on colony morphology on chromagar Candida.
The broth microdilution method was subsequently used to evaluate the sensitivity of the isolates
towards five commonly used antifungals.
Results: of the 120 samples collected, 40 (33.3%) cultures were positive for candida species, of
which colony counts were >104 cfu/ml in 24 (20%) of the cases. Incidence rate of candida spp. was
determined as C. albicans 19 (31.6%), C. krusei 14 (23.3%), C. glabrata 12 (20%), C. parapsilosis
10 (16.7%), C. tropicalis 3 (5%) and C. dubliniensis 2 (3.3%). Minimum inhibitory concentration
values ranged from 0.0312 µg/ml to >256 µg/ml. Most of the Candida spp were resistant against
amphotericin b and nystatin with 81.7% and 53.3% of resistance respectively. The majority of
candida isolates were sensitive to ketoconazole (43.3%), follow by fluconazole (40.0%), nystatin
(21.7%), and amphotericin b (5.0%). None of the Candida species identified was sensitive to
terbinafine.
Conclusion: the prevalence of candiduria in the population studied was 33.3%. C. albicans as well
as non-albicans species being involved. All the Candida species identified presented high level of
resistance towards amphotericin B. Therefore, it is important to search routinely for yeast in the
urine of diabetic patients to detect candidiasis, and to perform antifungal susceptibility tests to
Candida isolates in order to establish antifungal therapy for these patients.
Keywords: Candiduria, Diabetes, Antifungal Susceptibility

— C. albicans is a commensal yeast which asymptomatically colonizes mucosal surfaces; however, any disruption in the host environment or under conditions of immune dysfunction, C. albicans can proliferate and invade virtually any site in... more

— C. albicans is a commensal yeast which asymptomatically colonizes mucosal surfaces; however, any disruption in the host environment or under conditions of immune dysfunction, C. albicans can proliferate and invade virtually any site in the host. S. cerevisiae is found in nature associated with man and, more rarely, found on the skins of grapes. S.bayanus can be found in locations remote from humans, which is not in common with S. cerevisiae. H. anomala ecological traits include: fermentation contaminant, soil, grain, ensilage, water, plants (especially fruits and fermenting matter), sewage, warm blooded animals. The scope of this study was to see if S. cerevisiae, S.bayanus, and H. anomala have any killer effect on C. albicans strains. We have realized it at Phytotoxin Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Durrës, Albania. We have analyzed 20 positive samples of C. albicans, isolated in the Microbiological Laboratory of Durrës, Albania. It has resulted that Hansenula anomala has the greatest killer effect of these three yeasts on Candida albicans strains, while the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus is almost rough, with minor differences between C. albicans strains.

A novel species in the genus Candida was obtained from deep-sea hydrothermal fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307, respectively, isolated from an unidentified deep-sea coral collected near Rainbow... more

A novel species in the genus Candida was obtained from deep-sea hydrothermal fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307, respectively, isolated from an unidentified deep-sea coral collected near Rainbow hydrothermal vent, from water samples near Menez Gwen hydrothermal field and from the stomach of a marine fish are considered as a novel taxon. Sequence similarities in the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene indicated that strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 have for closest neighbors Candida spencermartinsiae, Candida taylorii, Candida atmosphaerica and Candida atlantica. The strains, respectively, differ from C. spencermartinsiae, C. taylorii, C. atmosphaerica andCandida atlantica by 4, 4.3, 4.3 and 4.7% in the D1/D2 domain. Strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 were differentiated from others by differences in the ability to assimilate d-Gluconate and in the ability to grow at relatively high temperature. Only strain Mo39 displays an optimal growth at 3% sea salts, indicating that this strain is clearly adapted to live in marine conditions. Sequence similarities between strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307 and related species and differences in the ability to utilize specific carbon compounds revealed that these strains represent a hitherto unknown species. Sexual reproduction was not observed in strains Mo39, MARY089 and CBS 5307. An anamorphic name Candida oceani sp. nov. is proposed for the type strain Mo39T (= CBS 11857T = DSM 23777T) and the two other strains MARY089 and CBS 5307. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a micro-eukaryotic organism including a strain isolated from a deep-sea coral near a hydrothermal ecosystem.

The aim was to determine colonization rate of candida in oral cavity of healthy individuals, diabetics and HIV seropositive individuals. Material and methods: Samples were collected from oral cavity of 50 HIV sero positive individuals, 50... more

The aim was to determine colonization rate of candida in oral cavity of healthy individuals, diabetics and HIV seropositive individuals.
Material and methods: Samples were collected from oral cavity of 50 HIV sero positive individuals, 50 diabetics and 50 healthy individuals by swabbing palatal mucosa, dorsum of tongue and buccal mucosa with a sterile swab. Samples were processed by inoculating on Hi Chrome Agar and speciation was done by growth on Hi Chrome agar, germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on CMA, pellicle formation in SDA broth and growth at 45ºc.
Results: 27 HIV sero positive individuals (54%) carried candida in their oral cavities (single strain in 44% and combination of strains in 10%). Whereas it was 44% in diabetics (single species in 38% and a combination of species in 6%) and 24% in healthy individuals (only single species). Candida albicans accounts for 41.66% in healthy individuals, 68% in diabetics and 42.42% in HIV seropositive persons. other species isolated were Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata in all 3 groups in addition to Candida dubliniensis in healthy and HIV seropositive individuals and C.krusei in HIV seropositive persons only. P value- less than 0.05 between healthy persons & diabetics and between healthy persons & HIV seropositives (significant).
Conclusion: candidal carriage was higher in diabetics and HIV seropositive individuals. Candida albicans was the commonest species in all three groups. Candida krusei was seen only in HIV positive persons.

This study was car­ried out to pro­vide an overview of the fun­gal load in Al­ger­ian tra­di­tional baths (Ham­mams) as well as to iso­late and iden­tify the main path­o­genic fungi. Over a pe­riod of four months, ten baths were... more

This study was car­ried out to pro­vide an overview of the fun­gal load in Al­ger­ian tra­di­tional baths (Ham­mams) as well as to iso­late and iden­tify the main path­o­genic fungi. Over a pe­riod of four months, ten baths were ex­am­ined and screened for fun­gal con­t­a­m­i­na­tion from sev­eral parts of the hot steamy rooms (floor, wall, door, air and mar­ble mas­sage plat­form). In to­tal, 7157 fungi iso­lates were re­cov­ered from the sur­veyed Ham­mams and the most abun­dant molds were Peni­cil­lium spp. (45.12%) fol­lowed by As­pergillus spp. (28.80%). In ad­di­tion, molds flora in tra­di­tional baths was char­ac­ter­ized by a large num­ber of hy­drophilic species like Cla­dospo­rium, Fusar­ium, Rhi­zo­pus, Mu­cor and Al­ternaria. Eight can­dida-like ap­peared fre­quently (C. al­bi­cans, C. glabrata, C. trop­i­calis, C. lipoly­t­ica, Ge­ot­richum sp., Tri­chosporon sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Cryp­to­coc­cus sp.) of which C. al­bi­cans was the com­mon iso­lated yeast (35.14%). The re­sults in­di­cate a sig­nif­i­cant dif­fer­ence (p = 0.007) in species rich­ness be­tween molds and yeasts and their dis­tri­b­u­tion var­ied sig­nif­i­cantly among sam­pled po­si­tions in baths. AN­COVA re­vealed a sig­nif­i­cant in­crease in fun­gal loads re­lated to the av­er­age num­ber of cus­tomers and mean open­ing year of the Ham­mams, in con­trast with lo­cal­ity (fa­vored or pop­u­lar dis­trict). This study in­di­cates that Ham­mams pre­sent a po­ten­tial source of path­o­genic fungi which may im­pose a real threat on pub­lic health

Sophorose lipids (SLs) have applications as surfactants and are produced at high levels by several yeasts. We developed a fed-batch shake-flask method for the production of SLs by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214. Optimal aeration, expressed... more

Sophorose lipids (SLs) have applications as surfactants and are produced at high levels by several yeasts. We developed a fed-batch shake-flask method for the production of SLs by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214. Optimal aeration, expressed in terms of oxygen transfer rate, was between 50 and 80 mM O2/L h−1 and resulted in maximum values for both volumetric product formation (1–1.5 g/L h−1) and SL yield (350 g/L). The lowest aeration levels resulted in the enrichment in saturated fatty acid SLs at the expense of unsaturated fatty acid SLs. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 489–494, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10177

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin (Acron MC) and polyamide resin (Flexite MP) specimens (n=116) were prepared, and their surface roughness was standardized (0.34 ±0.02 μm). Surface free energy (SFE) was measured for some specimens... more

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin (Acron MC) and polyamide resin (Flexite MP) specimens (n=116) were prepared, and their surface roughness was standardized (0.34 ±0.02 μm). Surface free energy (SFE) was measured for some specimens (n=20 per resin), while the ...

Background and objectives: The incidence of candiduria caused by Candida spp. has increased in recent years, particularly in hospitalized patients. Candiduria is most commonly caused by Candida albicans; however, an increase in the... more

Background and objectives: The incidence of candiduria caused by Candida spp. has increased in recent years, particularly in hospitalized patients. Candiduria is most commonly caused by Candida albicans; however, an increase in the prevalence of non-albicans species has been observed during last decades. This study aimed at molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candiduria in hospitalized patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 530 hospitalized patients in two hospitals in the Mazandaran Province, Iran. Midstream urine specimens were collected and then cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium. Molecular identification of common Candida species was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method after enzymatic digestion with MspI. C. albicans and Candida parapsilosis species complexes were identified by amplification of the HWP1 and intein-containing vacuolar ATPase precursor genes, respectively. Results: The frequency of candiduria was estimated at 14% among hospitalized patients. Of 74 samples positive for candiduria, 65 (87.8%) were isolated from females. The most common predisposing factor to candiduria was diabetes (n=36; 48.6%). The most frequent isolates were C. albicans complex (n=44; 59.4%), followed by Candida glabrata (n= 16; 21.6%), Candida tropicalis (n= 10; 13.5%), Candida Krusei (n= 3; 4%) and C. parapsilosis (n= 1; 1.3%). Conclusion: Based on the results, the conventional and molecular methods produced similar results for identification of Candida species. However, accurate identification of Candida spp. requires the use of molecular techniques such as PCR-RFLP, HWP1, and intein-containing vacuolar ATPase precursor genes. Nevertheless, chromogenic methods such as CHROMagar Candida can be used for diagnosis of Candida spp. in laboratories with limited resources.

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) were investigated. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the... more

The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae) were investigated. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 36 compounds constituting 90.8% of the total oil. Eucalyptol, camphor, α-terpineol, β-pinene, and borneol were the principal components comprising 60.7% of the oil. The oil strongly reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50=1.56 μg/ml) and exhibited hydroxyl radical scavenging effect in the Fe3+–EDTA–H2O2 deoxyribose system (IC50=2.7 μg/ml). It also inhibited the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate (IC50=13.5 μg/ml). The polar phase of the extract showed antioxidant activity. The oil showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida krusei while water-insoluble parts of the methanolic extracts exhibited slight or no activity. This study confirms that the essential oil of Achillea millefolium possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by dimorphic yeasts which belong to the genus Candida. Oral candidiasis (OC) is the commonest fungal infection affecting human beings. It affects the oral mucosa. These lesions are caused by the... more

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by dimorphic yeasts which belong to the genus Candida. Oral candidiasis (OC) is the commonest fungal infection affecting human beings. It affects the oral mucosa. These lesions are caused by the yeast Candida albicans. We report a case of Saudi male patient with oral candidiasis who was treated successfully with antifungal therapy.

Candida infections (candidiasis) are the most prevalent opportunistic fungal infection on humans and, as such, a major public health problem. In recent decades, candidiasis has been associated to Candida species other than Candida... more

Candida infections (candidiasis) are the most prevalent opportunistic fungal infection on humans and, as such, a major public health problem. In recent decades, candidiasis has been associated to Candida species other than Candida albicans. Moreover, biofilms have been considered the most prevalent growth form of Candida cells and a strong causative agent of the intensification of antifungal resistance. As yet, no specific resistance factor has been identified as the sole responsible for the increased recalcitrance to antifungal agents exhibited by biofilms. Instead, biofilm antifungal resistance is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, which still remains to be fully elucidated and understood. The different mechanisms, which may be responsible for the intrinsic resistance of Candida species biofilms, include the high density of cells within the biofilm, the growth and nutrient limitation, the effects of the biofilm matrix, the presence of persister cells, the antifungal resistance gene expression and the increase of sterols on the membrane of biofilm cells. Thus, this review intends to provide information on the recent advances about Candida species biofilm antifungal resistance and its implication on intensification of the candidiasis.

The effect of acetic acid concentration on xylose fermentation to xylitol by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was evaluated in semisynthetic medium containing different concentrations of the acid. Increasing acetic acid concentration up... more

The effect of acetic acid concentration on xylose fermentation to xylitol by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was evaluated in semisynthetic medium containing different concentrations of the acid. Increasing acetic acid concentration up to 1.0 g/1 favored xylitol yield and productivity, with maximum values of 0.82 g/g and 0.57 g/.h1, respectively. The presence of acetic acid reduced cell production at all concentration. Furthermore, acetic acid was assimilated by the yeast together with the sugars and was depleted from the medium at concentrations of less than 3.0 g/1. The ability of this yeast to assimilate acetic acid suggests that these cells act as agents of medium detoxification. This behavior may lead to a viable microbiological process of xylitol production by C. guilliermondii FTI 20037 using xylose-rich lignocel-lulosic hydrolysates in which acetic acid is commonly present, causing inhibition of fermentative activity.

The stilbenoid resveratrol (1) was subjected to regioselective acetylation catalysed by Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) to obtain 4'-acetylresveratrol (2). CAL biocatalysed regioselective alcoholysis of 3,5,4'-triacetylresveratrol... more

The stilbenoid resveratrol (1) was subjected to regioselective acetylation catalysed by Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) to obtain 4'-acetylresveratrol (2). CAL biocatalysed regioselective alcoholysis of 3,5,4'-triacetylresveratrol (3), 3,5,4'-tributanoylresveratrol (6), and 3, 4, 5'-trioctanoylresveratrol (9) afforded derivatives 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11. Further resveratrol analogues (12-18) were obtained through methylation and hydrogenation reactions, whereas the 3,4,4'-trimethoxystilbene (19) was obtained by complete synthesis. Resveratrol and its lipophylic analogues were subjected to cell-growth inhibition bioassays towards DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. Compounds 2-19 showed cell-growth inhibition activity comparable to or higher than resveratrol (GI(50)=24.09 microM), displaying low or very low toxicity against non-tumorigenic human fibroblast cells. Comparison of the trimethoxy stilbenes 12 (GI(50)=2.92 microM) and 19 (GI(50)=25.39 microM) indicates t...