Cognitive Science Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study... more

Mindfulness has been shown to have varied associations with different forms of motivation, leading to a lack of clarity as to how and when it may foster healthy motivational states. Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study proposes a theoretical model for how mindfulness supports different forms of human motivation, and then tests this via meta-analysis. A systematic review identified 89 relevant studies ( N = 25,176), comprising 104 independent data sets and 200 effect sizes. We used a three-level modeling approach to meta-analyze these data. Across both correlational and intervention studies, we found consistent support for mindfulness predicting more autonomous forms of motivation and, among correlational studies, less controlled motivation and amotivation. We conducted moderation analyses to probe heterogeneity in the effects, including bias within studies. We conclude by highlighting substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed in future resea...

Objective: On the basis of current evidence, treatment delay is minimal if patients contact the emergency medical services（EMS） or attend an emergency department (ED) immediately after minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack... more

Objective: On the basis of current evidence, treatment delay is minimal if patients contact the emergency medical services（EMS） or attend an emergency department (ED) immediately after minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA). Little is known about the factors that can influence these actions in China.. Methods: Data were collected from university affiliated hospital records from March 2010 to March 2012, and a questionnaire was administered that included questions about socio-demographics, self-reported risk factors and hospital arrival. Potential impact factors of utilizing EMS or attending ED were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate logistical regression. Results: Of 4247 patients who sought medical attention within 24 hours, 61.05%(2593) used EMS or attended ED after minor stroke or high-risk TIA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that consciousness dysfunction(OR 3.129, 95% CI 2.397 to 4.084) at symptom onset, a higher income (≥2001 Yuan/month) (OR 2....

Partners and institutions • 36 scenarios based on 3 types of social networks, 2 rainfall patterns, and 6 water exchange protocols were simulated to look for the viable ones. These scenarios are yet to be discussed with the stakeholders... more

Partners and institutions • 36 scenarios based on 3 types of social networks, 2 rainfall patterns, and 6 water exchange protocols were simulated to look for the viable ones. These scenarios are yet to be discussed with the stakeholders (Fig. 4). • To examine the complexity of resource management among heterogeneous users, their coordination, innovative approaches are needed to facilitate understanding and learning, mediation, and the emergence of management regimes that fulfill the aspirations of stakeholders and yet ensure the sustainability of the resource base.

ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to study which factors are associated with depression and anxiety in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).MethodsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were studied in 990 participants with... more

ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to study which factors are associated with depression and anxiety in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).MethodsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were studied in 990 participants with borderline to profound ID, aged ≥ 50 years, using self‐report and informant‐report screening questionnaires. In 290 participants, major depression and anxiety disorders were assessed with a standardised psychiatric interview. Associations with personal, medical and psychosocial factors, which were collected through questionnaires and participants' medical and psychological records, were studied using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsIncreased depressive symptoms were positively associated with increased anxiety symptoms, number of life events during the past year and chronic diseases (heart failure, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and malignity in the previous 5 years) and nega...

The Robust Transform based on the Weighted Median operator algorithm calculates the transform of a signal when it has been exposed to impulsive noise. Since this algorithm demands very long execution time, it is not useful for real time... more

The Robust Transform based on the Weighted Median operator algorithm calculates the transform of a signal when it has been exposed to impulsive noise. Since this algorithm demands very long execution time, it is not useful for real time signal processing systems. In this context, this work presents several strategies to improve its performance, such as the reduction of redundant calculations, optimization in the memory access, and a multithreads version of the algorithm. Besides, the original estimation method is modified to decrease even more the average execution time, keeping the quality level of the numeric results. The experimental results show a 30% performance improvement by reducing redundant calculations and optimizing the memory access, without making modifications to the estimation method and without using multi-threaded processing; 93% performance improvement by introducing modifications to the estimation method; and 97% performance improvement by incorporating the multi...

To study the consequences, for an individual, of selecting a lower-order choice instead of the best choice in the discrete choice random utility model framework, we adapt and extend generic relations appearing in the order statistics... more

To study the consequences, for an individual, of selecting a lower-order choice instead of the best choice in the discrete choice random utility model framework, we adapt and extend generic relations appearing in the order statistics literature. For example, an obtained identity states that the probability of any lower-order (second-best, third-best,..., worst) choice can be expressed as an alternating weighted sum of standard best choice probabilities. As an application, the logit best choice probabilities and the logsum surplus measure formulas are extended to their lower-order choice counterparts.

Objective: We describe a multicenter experience with vagus nerve stimulator implantation in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Our goal was to assess vagus nerve stimulation efficacy and identify potential predictors of... more

Objective: We describe a multicenter experience with vagus nerve stimulator implantation in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Our goal was to assess vagus nerve stimulation efficacy and identify potential predictors of favorable outcome. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Inclusion criteria: ≤18 years at time of vagus nerve stimulator implantation, at least 1 year of follow-up. All patients were previously found to be unsuitable for an excisional procedure. Favorable clinical outcome and effective vagus nerve stimulation therapy were defined as seizure reduction >50%. Outcome data were reviewed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after vagus nerve stimulator implantation. Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed. Results: Eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Responder rate (seizure frequency reduction >50%) at 1-year follow-up was 25.8% (4.5% seizure-free). At last follow-up, 31.5% had a favorable outcome and 5.2% were seizure f...

Fear learning is a crucial process in the pathogeneses of psychiatric disorders, which highlights the need to identify specific factors contributing to interindividual variation. We hypothesized variation in the serotonin transporter gene... more

Fear learning is a crucial process in the pathogeneses of psychiatric disorders, which highlights the need to identify specific factors contributing to interindividual variation. We hypothesized variation in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events (SLEs) to be associated with neural correlates of fear conditioning in a sample of healthy male adults (n = 47). Subjects were exposed to a differential fear conditioning paradigm after being preselected regarding 5-HTTLPR genotype and SLEs. Individual differences in brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance responses and preference ratings were assessed. We report significant variation in neural correlates of fear conditioning as a function of 5-HTTLPR genotype. Specifically, the conditioned stimulus (CS(+)) elicited elevated activity within the fear-network (amygdala, insula, thalamus, occipital cortex) in subjects carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR S' al...

Strong evidence links the 5-HTTLPR genotype to the modulation of amygdala reactivity during fear conditioning, which is considered to convey the increased vulnerability for anxiety disorders in s-allele carriers. In addition to amygdala... more

Strong evidence links the 5-HTTLPR genotype to the modulation of amygdala reactivity during fear conditioning, which is considered to convey the increased vulnerability for anxiety disorders in s-allele carriers. In addition to amygdala reactivity, the 5-HTTLPR has been shown to be related to alterations in structural and effective connectivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on amygdala reactivity and effective connectivity during fear conditioning, as well as structural connectivity [as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)]. To integrate different classification strategies, we used the bi-allelic (s-allele vs l/l-allele group) as well as the tri-allelic (low-functioning vs high-functioning) classification approach. S-allele carriers showed exaggerated amygdala reactivity and elevated amygdala-insula coupling during fear conditioning (CS + > CS-) compared with the l/l-allele group. In addition, DTI analysis showed increased fracti...

A 72‐year‐old hypertensive man developed parkinsonism and was treated with Sinemet for 4 years but then died of a bronchial carcinoma. Necropsy revealed cerebrovascular disease and amyloid angiopathy. The substantia nigra and locus... more

A 72‐year‐old hypertensive man developed parkinsonism and was treated with Sinemet for 4 years but then died of a bronchial carcinoma. Necropsy revealed cerebrovascular disease and amyloid angiopathy. The substantia nigra and locus coeruleus were normal on light microscopy.

We here report survival in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a large, prospectively studied group of patients with MSA. Eighty‐five of 100 patients were known to have died. Three patients were rediagnosed as having PD.... more

We here report survival in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a large, prospectively studied group of patients with MSA. Eighty‐five of 100 patients were known to have died. Three patients were rediagnosed as having PD. Twenty‐four patients came to autopsy, which showed MSA in 22 and idiopathic Parkinson's disease in 2. The median survival time was 8.6 and 7.3 years for men and women, respectively (hazard ratio for women was 1.49, 95% CI 0.97–2.31, P = 0.07). Except for rediagnosis as PD, no predictive factors for better survival could be identified. These data confirm the relatively poor prognosis of MSA of less than 9 years on average. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society