Computed Tomography Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) before and after bi-lateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) surgery using a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT). Material and Methods: The... more

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) before and after bi-lateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) surgery using a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT). Material and Methods: The sample consisted of patients (n=7), aged between 21-30 years, having a skeletal Class II with retrognathic mandible and orthognathic maxilla who underwent orthodontic treatment and were advised for BSSO advancement surgery. Pre-surgical CBCT scans were taken a week before the surgery (T0) and the post-treatment records, three months after the surgery (T1). The 3D PAS was reconstructed from the CBCT scans, and the volumetric changes were evaluated.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effects of bruxism on the mandibular bone using radiomorphometric indices and Hounsfield unit (HU) value on digital panoramic radiography (DPR). Materials and Methods:... more

Background: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effects of bruxism on the mandibular bone using radiomorphometric indices and Hounsfield unit (HU) value on digital panoramic radiography (DPR). Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 120 patients, 60 with bruxer and 60 without (control), were analyzed. Mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), antegonial index (AI), gonial index (GI), antegonial notch depth (AND) and mandibular cortical index (MCI) were measured bilaterally in DPR. Gray values of the cancellous bone and cortical bone at predetermined landmarks in the mandible were measured using the HU value on the DPR. Results: MI was found to be higher and statistically significant in bruxers compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the bruxism group and the control group in terms of AI, GI and MCI (p>0.05). While there was a significant difference in HU value in the cancellous bone...

Patients clinically suspected of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were randomized between ultralow-dose chest computed tomography ([ULDCT] 261 patients) and chest radiograph ([CXR] 231 patients). We did not find evidence that performing... more

Patients clinically suspected of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were randomized between ultralow-dose chest computed tomography ([ULDCT] 261 patients) and chest radiograph ([CXR] 231 patients). We did not find evidence that performing ULDCT instead of CXR affects antibiotic treatment policy or patient outcomes. However, in a subgroup of afebrile patients, there were more patients diagnosed with CAP in the ULDCT group (ULDCT, 106 of 608 patients; CXR, 71 of 654 patients; P = .001).

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital structural variant in which a segment of the epicardial coronary artery tunnels into and is surrounded by the myocardium. The depiction rate of MB varies significantly between catheter coronary... more

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital structural variant in which a segment of the epicardial coronary artery tunnels into and is surrounded by the myocardium. The depiction rate of MB varies significantly between catheter coronary angiography and autopsy studies. Conventional coronary angiography is the gold standard for detection, but it is invasive and may not be sensitive enough to detect a thin bridge. The aim of this study was to assess the depiction rate of MB by coronary computed tomographic angiography in Northern Greece and to determine the anatomical features of the tunneling vessels

Internal accumulation of the topical hemostatic agent Surgicel can mimic fluid collections that might be misdiagnosed as an abscess or a hematoma upon 3 common postoperative imaging methods. Herein, we report the unusual case of a neonate... more

Internal accumulation of the topical hemostatic agent Surgicel can mimic fluid collections that might be misdiagnosed as an abscess or a hematoma upon 3 common postoperative imaging methods. Herein, we report the unusual case of a neonate who underwent surgical repair of complex congenital heart conditions and then required early re-exploration, prompted by initial suspicion of mediastinitis on the basis of computed tomographic findings. During reoperation, it was determined that the mass on computed tomography was an accumulation of oxidized Surgicel. We discuss the capabilities and limitations of various imaging methods in the achievement of an accurate differential diagnosis.

Methodology: It was a cross sectional Analytical study conducted at Department of Radiology AL RAZI HOSPITAL MM ALAM LAHORE. From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019.The 172 subjects were selected of history and clinical examination and... more

Methodology: It was a cross sectional Analytical study conducted at Department of Radiology AL RAZI HOSPITAL MM ALAM LAHORE. From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019.The 172 subjects were selected of history and clinical examination and suspicion of head injuries requiring head CT scan evaluation. Subjects included both male and female gender age over 10 years and less than 70 years were selected. Contraindication to CT imaging and pregnant females were excluded. Patients were examined using 64 Slices dual source SIMENS CT machine. All the information of patient were noted on a specifically designed for this purpose.Results: Mean age of patient was 36.87± 13.02 years. Most frequent age group was 15-30 years having 75(42.8%) subjects. There were 125(71.4%) male and 50(28.5%) females in the study respectively. There were 126 true positive, 12 false positive, 11 false negative and 17 true negative cases. This study revealed computed tomography sensitivity (72%) specificity (94%) diagno...

The pathological and physiological changes of the paranasal sinus are advanced. The paranasal sinuses are present as paired, air-filled chambers. Symptoms of paranasal sinuses include nasal obstruction, fever, nasal discharge, and... more

The pathological and physiological changes of the paranasal sinus are advanced. The paranasal sinuses are present as paired, air-filled chambers. Symptoms of paranasal sinuses include nasal obstruction, fever, nasal discharge, and swelling. The most common site of PNS pathologies is the maxillary sinus. Computed tomography aids in the diagnosis and provides a detailed image of PNS. Objective: To evaluate the most common occurring pathology of the paranasal sinus using Computed Tomography. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that was collected from the Radiology Department of Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Hospital Gujrat’ Pakistan from October 2022 to January 2022. The data was collected using simple random sampling and the sample size was collected from patients. The sample size collected was 83. The patients of the age group 10-60 were included in this study. The paranasal sinuses pathologies were diagnosed on a CBCT scan. Data were collected with the help of SPSS 20.0. Results: Out of 8...

Background. Previous studies have shown that successful recanalization by stent implantation of a chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is associated with an improved clinical outcome. However, most of these studies have used... more

Background. Previous studies have shown that successful recanalization by stent implantation of a chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is associated with an improved clinical outcome. However, most of these studies have used first-generation stents and dated regimens of antithrombotic therapy. Methods. We retrospectively investigated the short- and long-term clinical results of current techniques of percutaneous revascularization in 126 consecutive patients with CTO who underwent successful implantation of a new-generation bare metal stent and dual antiplatelet therapy. Results. There were neither in-hospital deaths nor subacute stent thrombosis; periprocedural acute myocardial infarction occurred in 6 (2.3%) patients; 25 (20%) late major events were observed during a mean follow-up of 19 ± 10 months: one sudden death, two myocardial infarctions, and 22 cases of target vessel revascularization. Length of CTO > 24 mm (odds ratio = 1.06, p < 0.0245) and final minimal lumen dia...

The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. Initial (n = 35) and follow‐up (n = 12) CT images were available from 35 dogs. The most commonly encountered CT findings were... more

The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. Initial (n = 35) and follow‐up (n = 12) CT images were available from 35 dogs. The most commonly encountered CT findings were (1) moderate to severe cavitary destruction of the turbinates with presence of a variable amount of abnormal soft tissue in the nasal passages, (2) non‐specific thickening of the mucosa adjacent to the inner surface of bones of the frontal sinus, maxillary recess and nasal cavity and, (3) thickened reactive bone. The findings were consistent with a disease initially affecting one nasal cavity then progressing into the ipsilateral frontal sinus, the contralateral nasal cavity and the contralateral frontal sinus. Two dogs with associated nasal foreign body had a more localized invasion of the nasal cavity. Attenuation values and contrast enhancement were not specific. With follow‐up examinations, a reduction in the amount of abnormal soft tissue was ...

Objectives Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores derived from computed tomography (CT) scans are used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in CAC quantification and potentially reduce the time... more

Objectives Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores derived from computed tomography (CT) scans are used for cardiovascular risk stratification. Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in CAC quantification and potentially reduce the time required for human analysis. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a fully automated model that identifies and quantifies CAC. Methods Fully convolutional neural networks for automated CAC scoring were developed and trained on 2439 cardiac CT scans and validated using 771 scans. The model was tested on an independent set of 1849 cardiac CT scans. Agatston CAC scores were further categorised into five risk categories (0, 1–10, 11–100, 101–400, and > 400). Automated scores were compared to the manual reference standard (level 3 expert readers). Results Of 1849 scans used for model testing (mean age 55.7 ± 10.5 years, 49% males), the automated model detected the presence of CAC in 867 (47%) scans compared with 815 (44%) by human readers (p = 0.09). ...

Complex cardiovascular pathologies in the pediatric population are usually evaluated with echocardiography and catheter angiography as initial and advanced imaging of choice, respectively. Echocardiography may pose some difficulties in... more

Complex cardiovascular pathologies in the pediatric population are usually evaluated with echocardiography and catheter angiography as initial and advanced imaging of choice, respectively. Echocardiography may pose some difficulties in the diagnosis of complex cardiovascular pathologies. Due to short acquisition times, detailed imaging by the use of post-processing techniques, reduced radiation exposure compared to catheter angiography, and additional information obtained on lung parenchyma, multi-slice computed tomography (CT) is the advanced imaging method of choice in selected cases. The present report describes a 14-year-old symptomatic case with complex cardiovascular pathology, whose vascular architecture could be properly demonstrated by multi-slice CT.

Excessive visceral adiposity, hypothesized to be a key mediator in metabolic derangements, has recently been shown to exert toxic effects on cardiac structure and function. Data regarding the mechanistic link between regional adiposity,... more

Excessive visceral adiposity, hypothesized to be a key mediator in metabolic derangements, has recently been shown to exert toxic effects on cardiac structure and function. Data regarding the mechanistic link between regional adiposity, left atrial (LA) electromechanical remodeling, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have been lacking.Various visceral adiposity measures, including pericardial fat (PCF), thoracic periaortic (TAT) fat, regional inter-atrial fat (IAF), and atrioventricular groove fat (AV Groove Fat), were assessed by multidetector computed tomography in 2 study cohorts (an annual health survey cohort and an outpatient cohort). We related such measures to cardiometabolic profiles in health survey cohort and LA electromechanical indices in our outpatient cohort, with Cox proportional hazards performed to examine the temporal trends of heart failure (HF).In our annual health survey cohort (n = 362), all 4 adiposity measures were positively related ...

The maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore) is the first of the paranasal sinuses to develop and ends its growth at approximately 20 years of age with the eruption of the maxillary third molars (1,2) . The adult sinus is variable in its... more

The maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore) is the first of the paranasal sinuses to develop and ends its growth at approximately 20 years of age with the eruption of the maxillary third molars (1,2) . The adult sinus is variable in its extension. Its floor extends between adjacent teeth or

Background: To compare the frequency of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve as a result of coronectomy and removal of mandibular third molars having nerve approximation. Methods: In this comparative study 110 patients with inferior... more

Background: To compare the frequency of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve as a result of coronectomy and removal of mandibular third molars having nerve approximation. Methods: In this comparative study 110 patients with inferior alveolar nerve approximation were selected and randomly allocated into Group-A and Group-B. Group-A patients underwent coronectomy and Group-B patients underwent traditional removal. Inferior alveolar nerve damage was assessed one week post operatively, then further assessed after 01, 03 and 06 months. Results: Out of total 110 patients included in the study, 9 (8.2%) patients were having nerve damage. In traditional removal group, 9 (16.4%) patients were found to have nerve damage. Seven patients with nerve injury recovered within 06 months whereas 2 patients had permanent nerve damage. In coronectomy group none of the patients had nerve damage. Conclusion: Coronectomy is an effective procedure in significantly reducing the incidence of inferior alveol...

Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is an important tool in baseline risk assessment and detection of CV disease in oncology patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies. This position statement examines the role of echocardiography, cardiac... more

Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is an important tool in baseline risk assessment and detection of CV disease in oncology patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies. This position statement examines the role of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear cardiac imaging and computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. The Imaging and Cardio‐Oncology Study Groups of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the Cardio‐Oncology Council of the ESC have evaluated the current evidence for the value of modern CV imaging in the cardio‐oncology field. The most relevant echocardiographic parameters, including global longitudinal strain and three‐dimensional ejection fraction, are proposed. The protocol for baseline pre‐treatment evaluation and specific surveillance algorithms or pathways for anthracycline chemotherapy, HER2‐targeted therapies such ...

Background Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is being developed as a tool for assessing tumor spread. Patients with known primary tumors require meticulous evaluation to assess metastasis for better staging; we attempted to... more

Background Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is being developed as a tool for assessing tumor spread. Patients with known primary tumors require meticulous evaluation to assess metastasis for better staging; we attempted to detect bony metastasis without radiation exposure. Our study's goal was to use whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression (WB-DWBIS) to evaluate bony metastasis in confirmed patients who have primary tumors. Results Our study included 90 patients with known primary cancer, 10 patients were excluded as they had no bony metastasis, from 80 patients: 36 (45.0%) having one site of metastasis, 36 (45%) having two sites of metastasis, and 8 (10.0%) having three sites of metastasis. 56 (70.0%) of the metastasis sites were bony metastasis, and 76 were mixed both bony and non-bony, including 32(40.0%) lung, 16 (20.0%) liver, and 28 (35%) lymph nodes. Sensitivity of bone scanning in detecting metastasis was as follows: ...

We report a rare case of amebiasis generating 19 large liver abscesses. Such a quantity of abscesses is rare, especially when occurring in a young casual traveler without any immunodeficiency disorders. A possible co-infection was... more

We report a rare case of amebiasis generating 19 large liver abscesses. Such a quantity of abscesses is rare, especially when occurring in a young casual traveler without any immunodeficiency disorders. A possible co-infection was excluded. By contrast, the amebic etiology was confirmed by means of serology and real-time PCR.

Brain SPECT imaging (BSI) with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) offers a clear and accurate vision of perfusion changes. OBJECTIVE: To study brain perfusion abnormalities in adolescents' dependent of multiple drugs. METHOD:... more

Brain SPECT imaging (BSI) with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) offers a clear and accurate vision of perfusion changes. OBJECTIVE: To study brain perfusion abnormalities in adolescents' dependent of multiple drugs. METHOD: Sixteen male patients (15.1±2.1 years) were submitted to 99mTc-HMPAO BSI with SPM. RESULTS: Cortical hypoperfusion occurred in 7/16 patients (44%). There was a significant inverse correlation between the number of hypoperfused regions and the patient's age (p= -0.6737; p=0.004) and with the age when the drug dependence began (p= -0.5616; p=0.023). There was also a tendency towards an inverse correlation between regions of hypoperfusion and the duration of the drug dependence. CONCLUSION: BSI with SPM can help detect hypoperfusion in adolescents dependent on multiple drugs. The younger the patients, the more regions of hypoperfusion are noted. Probably, the neuronal plasticity has an important role in this phenomenon because the highest neural activity...

A cross-sectional study was conducted to predict the outcome in patients with subdural empyema, using initial and post-treatment CT scan brain parameters. Data collection was done on those children who were diagnosed to have subdural... more

A cross-sectional study was conducted to predict the outcome in patients with subdural empyema, using initial and post-treatment CT scan brain parameters. Data collection was done on those children who were diagnosed to have subdural empyema by CT scan of the brain with contrast, who underwent burrhole evacuation, from February 2000 until April 2002. Numerous factors, such as coma or loss of unconsciousness at diagnosis, age, types of antibiotic, microbiology, extension of empyema, associated cerebral infarction and ventriculitis, were analyzed. Poor prognosis was associated with loss of consciousness, and hypodensity by CT scan at presentation (p < 0.005). Patients with an extensive subdural empyema will have a good outcome if they are treated early and aggressively with antibiotics and burrhole evacuation.