Copper Slag Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The main aim of the environmental protection agencies and the government are to seek ways and means to minimize the problems of disposal and health hazards of by-products. Some of the industrial by-products have been successfully used in the construction industry for the production of cement and concrete. Copper slag is one of the materials that is considered as a waste material which could have a promising future in construction industry as partial substitute of either cement or aggregates. Many researchers have already found it possible to use copper slag as a concrete aggregate. But not much research has been carried out concerning durability and corrosion studies of copper slag admixed concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on various corrosion and durability tests on concrete containing copper slag as partial replacement of sand and cement. For this research work, M20 grade concrete was used and the tests were conducted for various proportions of cop...

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- Engineering, Compressive Strength, Civil/Structural Engineering, Copper Slag
- by Shahzaib Khan
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- Engineering, Concrete, Materials, Sustainable Building Materials

Today's world is facing challenging and unsolved environmental problem such as global warming, forest destruction and lack of resources. In order to solve these environmental problems, resources recycling have to be done in environmentally safer methods. As there is a vast scarcity the production of aggregates for concrete the recycled materials have great demand. The present study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. In this report, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 40%, 80% and 100% in concrete. In the first case along with replacement of copper slag with sand there is an attempt is made to replace the cement with 50% flyash similarly in second case for 30% replacement of cement with flyash replacement and in the third case with no replacement of cement with flyash. The obtained results were compared with those of nominal concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and sand. Further split tensile strength and flexural strength studies were also performed to check its durability aspects.

With increase in the population day by day, consumption of the resources also increases. With this, the waste material production also increases. Manufacturing process of copper production produces enormous amount of the copper slag which contains required chemical properties, so it can be used as construction material. This paper contains information regarding survey of copper slag manufacturing process and different uses of copper slag. This paper reviews the use of industrial waste material 'copper slag' in the construction work as a replacement of cement, sand and aggregate to reduce the cost of construction and simultaneously to reduce environmental effect due to the landfilling of copper slag. As well as construction is the only industry where the waste materials can be utilized successfully.

The main objective of this study is together various examination studies available by different researchers for waste utilization of copper slag and plastic waste through various techniques. Waste materials increases and causes environmental pollution. Every year 18billion pounds of plastic seeps in to oceans. Many researchers found that by replacing the useful waste like copper slag and plastic waste with fine aggregate and cement respectively can be economical and eco friendly. This project present the usage of copper slag for the partial replacement of fine aggregate with plastic to make a paver block.

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Copper Slag, Plastic waste, Paver Blocks

This paper deals with the experimental study of concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag and glass powder to increase the strength parameters such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strengths of the M30 concrete. Here the fine aggregate partially replaced by copper slag (CS) and glass powder (GP) in CC,10%,20%,30%, & 40%. by weight of fine aggregate. Mix design was prepared for M30 grade of concrete. By replacement of copper slag and glass powder as fine aggregate we can reduce the digging of river sand or natural sand which effects the hydraulic structure stability and as well as we can reduce the open land fill and environmental pollution with copper slag usage it in concrete. Graphs are drawn strength vs. replacement with M Sand results are compared with normal concrete. Copper slag and glass powder GP are excellent by-product or waste material which retains its original properties. Due to its chemical composition which includes high iron, silica and aluminum oxide content, it can be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete mixes. The cube, beam and cylindrical specimens were then prepared, demolded after 24 hours and properly cured. The specimens were subjected to compression testing, split tensile strength testing and flexural testing at 7 and 28 days. The addition of addition of copper slag increased the concrete strength gradually and the maximum strength was achieved at 40% replacement by Copper Slag with fine aggregate. The addition of glass powder increased the strength gradually till 30% replacement with fine aggregate and the strength decreased at 40%. The Copper slag seems to show better strength at 40% than the glass powder at 30%.

Abstract: Many countries are witnessing a rapid growth in construction industry which involves use of natural resources for the development of infrastructure. This growth poses a threat to natural resources that are available. Copper slag is considered as waste material and can be used as replacement of fine aggregates. M30 grade of concrete mix with water-cement ratio of 0.45 is used to determine the various mechanical properties. This research work mainly consist of two parts, in the first part, substitution of natural sand partially by copper slag in concrete is done with replacement of 0%, 35%, 40% and 45%. The optimum value obtained for 40% replacement of copper slag. The 28 days average compression strength was observed to increase by about 0.45% - 23.6%, split tensile strength by 16.61% - 34.98% and flexural strength of concrete by 27.78% - 38.89% when compared with control mix. In the second part, the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with optimum copper slag content is studied. The reinforcement is varied from 0.62% - 0.89% in the flexure zone and the parameters like deflection, surface strain, cracking load, ultimate load and crack width of reinforced concrete beams was experimentally noted and compared with theoretical values as per code is: 456-2000.
Keywords: copper slag, workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, deflection, surface strain, crack width, cracking moment, ultimate moment.
Title: Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Replacing Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate
Author: Deepak Gowda. B, Dr. H. B. Balakrishna
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Research Publish Journals

- by Research Publish Journals
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- Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability, Copper Slag

— Concrete has occupied an important place in construction industry in the past few decades and it is used widely in all types of constructions ranging from small buildings to large infrastructural dams or reservoirs. It is the most widely used man-made construction material in the construction world. Ever since concrete has been accepted as material for construction, civil engineers have been trying to improve its quality, strength etc., against adverse conditions. The OPC is one of the main ingredients used for the production of concrete. However in the context of increased awareness regarding over exploitation of natural resources to manufacture cement, an eco-friendly technology has to be developed for the effective management of resources. The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement and sand is the present issue in the present construction scenario. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. Use of Copper slag does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material generally considered as waste product. Hence in the current study an attempt has been made to minimize the cost of cement and sand with concrete mix grade M25 by studying the mechanical behavior of these concrete mixes by partial replacing with advanced mineral admixture such as Copper slag in concrete mixes as partial replacement of cement and sand. In this study, partial replacement of Cement and fine aggregate with Copper Slag considered. Experimental study is conducted to evaluate the workability and strength characteristics of hardened concrete, by partially replacing the cement and sand by various percentages of copper slag for M25 grade of concrete at different ages. The mixes were designed using IS Code method. In this project, properties of concrete have been assessed by partially replacing cement and sand with Copper slag is separately done in two different phase. The cement has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% is one phase and sand has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% is second phase by weight of cement for M25 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive, flexural and split strength with the conventional concrete.

In the current field, infrastructure development holds the key to the growth of every nation. Concrete is one of the most utilized material by the construction industry which is a uniform material prepared of varied materials like sand, Cement, &aggregate. Though rapid urbanization has created a vast insist for natural sand hence made it even more costly. This lead researchers to find other materials which could be used as an alternate of sand whose main chemical composition is Silica Researchers found that materials like Copper Slag, Coal Fly Ash, Carbonate & Sand Stone dust etc. having silica composition could be used as a replacement of fine aggregate. In recent years, the concrete construction industry has seen a growing interest in the advantages
offered by fiber reinforcement. Different types of fibers available, basalt fiber is measured as a new material equipped for use It has an extremely good personality and high resistance to the thermal resistance of an alkaline environment and is a low price product, which makes it an excellent material for reinforced concrete Considering the implications of basalt fibers for concrete and because different lengths and volumes of basalt fibers have a result in the mechanical properties of concrete, it is proposed to review the effect of using different basalt fiber lengths The mechanical properties of the revised concrete are the tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, mass, permeability unit. This paper reviewed on utilization of Basalt Fiber and Copper Slag in Green Concrete.

In our project work, the possibilities of using fly ash and copper slag in concrete as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate was investigated. The advancements in concrete can reduce the consumption of natural and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. Presently large amounts of fly ash are generated in thermal industries with an important impact on environment and humans. The ef ect of fly ash on soils and microorganisms in the soils are influenced by the pH of the ash and trace metal concentration in the ash. Fly ash can become lodged in the deepest part of your lungs, where they trigger asthma, inflammation and immunological reaction. In the present investigation, the incorporation of fly ash and copper slag is studied.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Cement, Waste Materials, Copper Slag, Fine Aggregate

The objects of this study are ancient slags from the vicinity of Propadnala voda deposit, Rosen ore field. With the methods of optical microscopy in transmitted and reflected light, X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analyses by ICP-OES, SEM and X-ray microanalyses, is was found that the slags consist mainly of iron-siliceous and iron-oxide phases. The analyzed samples are with high iron content, the presence of copper, sulphur, sulfide aggregates, impurities of phosphorous, cerium and lanthanum. Macroscopically and microscopically spherical drops of copper are observed in all studied samples. The analyzed slags are evidence of ancient metal production in the area around Propadnala voda deposit and represent a by-product product of copper mining activity in which the copper sulfide ore was processed.

- by Nikoleta Tzankova
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- Archaeology, Mineralogy, Ancient Metallurgy, Copper

Abstract— Copper slag is one of waste materials in the creation of copper, which can be utilized as fractional substitution of fine totals in concrete. This report shows the consequences of an exploratory study on different sturdiness tests on concrete containing mineral admixtures and copper slag as fractional substitution of cement and sand individually. In this report, M30 evaluation of concrete was planned and tests were directed with diverse rates of mineral admixtures with copper slag. The compressive strength is increased up to 10-20% mix of mineral admixture and copper slagged concrete when contrasted with normal concrete. Accelerated corrosion process by Galvano-static weight loss method is done to know the corrosion rate of concrete.

- by Amitkumar D Raval
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- Sustainable Development, Concrete Technology, Concrete design, Copper Slag

Natural resources are depleting Worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. Disposal of these waste materials has become a challenge in present era. Waste management strategies are developed to utilize these wastes in construction. Some of the industrial by-products have been used in construction industry for the production of concrete. Copper slag is one of the waste material which can be used in construction industry as partial replacement of fine aggregates i.e., (river sand). This paper presents the experimental work carried out by replacing fine aggregate with Copper slag. M20 and M35 grades of Concrete were used as reference mixes. The fine aggregate (sand) was replaced with percentages 0% (for conventional concrete mixture), 10%,20%, 30%, 40%,50% of Copper slag by weight and tests were conducted on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Slump-cone test, Compaction factor test and Vee Bee Consistometer tests were performed to evaluate the workability characteristics of fresh Concrete. Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength were determined at the age of 7,28,56,91 days respectively. The results indicate that workability increases with increase in Copper Slag percentage which is due to the low water absorption capacity of copper slag. As the percentage of replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag increases, the compressive strength increases up to 40% replacement. There is also a similar increase in the Split tensile strength and flexural strength of Concrete.

The innovation in the field of concrete technology can minimise the consumption of natural resources like river sand, aggregate and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. at present in mining and production of steel large amounts of Copper Slag are generated which gives an harm full impact on environment and humans. This assignment describes the feasibility of using the copper slag in concrete production. Dumping the waste materials to the environment directly may cause environmental problem. Hence it is highly required to reuse of waste material to save the environment. proper waste management can be employed to produce new products or can be used as admixtures so that natural resources are used more efficiently and the environment is protected from waste deposits. In order to utilize an alternative material to increase the strength of the concrete. Copper slag may be used as partial part of aggregate which is an environmental waste work as partial component without sacrifice the strength and durability of the concrete structure. In this research work the effects of replacing fine aggregate by copper slag is tested by performing the compressive strength. This work includes the determination of different properties of locally available copper slag and utilization of copper slag in concrete by replacing it in different composition ratio in aggregate by keeping the other parameters constant.

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Compressive Strength, Aggregate, Copper Slag, Environmental Waste Management
- by Achal Jain
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- Civil Engineering, Environmental Science, Concrete, Compressive Strength

Due to growing environmental awareness, as well as stricter regulations on managing industrial waste, the world is increasingly turning to researching properties of industrial waste and finding solutions on using its valuable component parts so that those might be used as secondary raw material in other industrial branches. Although iron and steel slag is still today considered waste and is categorized in industrial waste catalogues in most countries in the world, it is most definitely not waste, neither by its physical and chemical properties nor according to data on its use as valuable material for different purposes. Moreover, since the earliest times of the discovery and development of processes of iron and other metals production, slag as by-product is used for satisfying diverse human needs, from the production of medicines and agro-technical agents to production of cement and construction element. Considering the specificity of physical and chemical properties of metallurgical slags and a series of possibilities for their use in other industrial branches and in the field of civil constructions, this report demonstrates the possibilities of using iron slag as partial replacement of sand in concrete. Iron and steel making slag are by products of the iron making and steelmaking processes. To date, these types of slag have been widely used in cement and as aggregate for civil works. The report presents an investigation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete by adding iron slag as replacement of sand in various percentages. The results show that the strength properties of concrete increase significantly when sand is partially replaced by iron slag.

This study was under taken to know the concrete properties using Banana Leaves ash. Concrete is one of the materials that is widely used in construction all around the world. This material is widely used because it has several benefits such as durable, energy-efficient, low maintenance, affordability, fire-resistance, excellent thermal mass and also versatility. World is as of now concentrating on alternate material sources that are environment agreeable and biodegradable in nature. The Banana Leaves Ash is an agriculture waste that has potential to replace one of construction material which is cement. Banana Leaves Ash contains a pozzolanic reaction that usually occurs in Portland cement. Instead of growing banana tree only for fruit consumption and discard the trunks, the use of banana leaves after the fruits are harvested should be explored. This project is conducted to determine the strength of concrete to produce good cementitious material by using Banana Leaves Ash. The source...

- by JUGAL PAWAR
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- Engineering, Environmental Science, Physics, Materials Science

The concrete is probably most extensively used for construction material in the world. The conventional concrete does not serve the present needs. It is considered as durable & strong material, reinforced concrete is one of the most popular materials. It improves workability, durability & the ultimate strength of the concrete. The utilization of supplementary cementitious material is accepted since it leads to several possible improvements in the concrete composites as well as overall economy. Subsequently these have led to the development of binary, ternary, quaternary blend which can further improve properties of concrete. The present paper deals with the study of properties namely workability & compressive strength of various grade of HPC using quainary mixesto find out the sustainable saving in quainary of cement & less production of cement meansincorporating cement , fly ash, silica fume, GGBS & rice husk ash with admixture & to reduce the quantity of cement with SCMs & durability of the concrete which helps to increased the workability& increase the strength of the concrete using various percentage of SCMs in M80 grade Concrete.The result also shows that strength of ternary, quaternary blended concrete. Therefore it can be said that, quainary mix is replacement of 40% cement. The virtual elimination of voids can be reduced due to use of one more cementitious material i.e. Rice Husk in quainary blended HPC Concrete & hence the strength of concrete can be increased than Ternary and Quaternary blend.

Abstract: The rapid rate of growth in population of India has forced the construction industry to use the building materials at a rapid rate, resulting in depletion of natural resources and also has a severe impact on the environment causing many hazards. Due to rapid growth and production, vast quantities of waste are generated in India. This thesis work is focused on making an effort to use copper slag which is an industrial by-product of Sterlite Industries Ltd (SIL), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing fine aggregate by copper slag and steel fibre as an additive on mechanical properties of concrete. The whole study was done in two phases. In the first phase the feasibility of copper slag as fine aggregate was checked by preparing concrete mix of M30 grade and studying the effect of copper slag on mechanical properties of concrete. Optimum replacement percentage of copper slag was obtained as 40%. In the second phase, the properties of concrete with optimum copper slag content and various percentage of steel fibre was studied. The steel fibre reinforcement was varied from 0.50%-1.75% by weight of cement. The two types of steel fibres used are crimped fibre and hooked end fibre. The results showed that the compression strength is highest for 1% steel fibre addition for both hooked end and crimped fibre. The concrete containing the hooked end fibre shows more compressive, tensile and flexural strength compared to concrete containing crimped end fibre.
Keyword: Copper slag, sand replacement, steel fibres, hooked end fibre, crimped fibre, aspect ratio, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength.
Title: STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND BY COPPER SLAG
Author: Vimarsh S.P, Basavana Gowda S.N, Dr. Ramesh B.R
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Research Publish Journals

Slag tempered ceramics, which are mainly found in the vicinity of the mining districts Mitterberg, Kitzbühel/Jochberg and in the Lower Inn Valley, indicate a continuous technology transfer as well as close
cultural and economic ties between the North Tyrolean and Salzburg regions. This applies to the entire period from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age to the stagnation of copper mining in the Early Iron Age.
At the two Late Bronze Age copper smelting sites in the fahlore district of Schwaz-Brixlegg, great attention was paid to the processing of the different slag in order to be able to extract the remaining copper. It is
striking that in the vicinity of simultaneously operated mining landscapes and their smelting sites in South Tyrol, Trentino and Graubünden, slag fragments has not yet been detected as a temper component in ceramics. In these regions, however, ceramics of the Laugen-Melaun culture can be found, the geographical distribution of which hardly overlaps with the area of distribution of the slag tempered ceramics.

- by Markus Staudt
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- Copper extraction and production, Prehistoric Pottery, Copper Slag

The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement and sand is the present issue in the present construction scenario. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. Use of Copper slag does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impact on environment by consuming the material generally considered as waste product. Hence in the current study an attempt has been made to minimize the cost of cement and sand with concrete mix grade M25 by studying the mechanical behavior of these concrete mixes by partial replacing with advanced mineral admixture such as Copper slag in concrete mixes as partial replacement of cement and sand. In this study, partial replacement of Cement and fine aggregate with Copper Slag considered. Experimental study is conducted to evaluate the workability and strength characteristics of hardened concrete, by partially replacing the cement and sand by various percentages of copper slag for M25 grade of concrete at different ages. The mixes were designed using IS Code method. In this project, properties of concrete have been assessed by partially replacing cement and sand with Copper slag is separately done in two different phase. The cement has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% is one phase and sand has been replaced by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without Copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% is second phase by weight of cement for M25 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive, flexural and split strength with the conventional concrete.

- by IJSRD Journal
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- Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability, Copper Slag

Concrete is the most widely used building material. In worldwide the high rise buildings are constructed by using high strength concrete mode only. Growing demand for construction materials necessitated the usage of alternative materials in the production of conventional concrete. Now a day’s fine aggregate source is reduced due to high consumption, so some material is needed to replacing of sand. The objective of this work is to study the strength and durability properties of concrete. Here M 70 grade concrete used and concrete containing copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate and mineral admixture as partial replacement of cement in the concrete mix design. Copper slag content has been 40%as a replacement of fine aggregate and silica fume 5%,10%,15% & 20% and GGBS 5%,10%,15% & 20% as a replacement of cement respectively. This research paper study on strength test& Durability test. The testresults shows 40% replacement of fine aggregate as copper slag gives the more strength. And Silica fume &GGBS as partial replacement of cement (up to 15%). From the results, it was observed that the use of copper slag and mineral admixture in concrete has shown considerable increase in strength and reduction of cost when compared with normal concrete

- by IAEME Publication
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- High Strength Concrete, Copper Slag, Silica Fume, Ggbs

The article considers the inevitability of copper losses with slag and the possibility of reducing them by various methods and using local secondary technogenic formations. It has been established that the developed and widely used in industry technologies for decopperizing of slag only partially solve the problem and lead to significant irretrievable losses of metal with dump slag. The main factors affecting the magnitude of the losses are established and suggestions for reducing their negative impact are recommended. The use of perfect mixing devices is recommended, as in this case, it is possible to achieve a maximum reduction in the residual concentration of copper in the waste slag. Together, it is possible to achieve an increase in the complexity of the use of raw materials with the organization and implementation of low-waste technology.

The present study will provide a better understanding of mechanical and durability properties of concrete in which fine aggregate is partially replaced with copper slag. In the present experimental study the various strength properties like compressive strength, the tensile strength of concrete and also durability properties like capillary suction absorption test on both ordinary concrete and copper slag Concrete, best copper slag concrete mix is carried out and compared with an ordinary concrete mix for economic and ecological study. In this study different percentage of copper, slag is used. Copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate in concrete and replaced in the range of 0%, 10%, 20 %, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of fine aggregate in concrete. It was found that with an increase in the amount of copper slag in concrete up to 30% with increased mechanical properties of concrete. It was also found that durability like acid resistance and capillary suction absorption test conducted for long durability show that addition of copper slag up to 30% certain limit replacement to fine aggregate with less water absorption compare with control mix and less affected with acid attack.

- by Ijariit Journal
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- Compressive Strength, Durability, Admixture, Workability

Sustainability and resource efficiency are becoming increasing important issues within today's construction industry. This study reports the potential use of granulated copper slag from Sterlite Industries as a replacement for sand in concrete mixes. The effect of replacing fine aggregate by copper slag on the compressive strength and split tensile strength are attempted in this work. Leaching studies demonstrate that granulated copper slag does not pave way for leaching of harmful elements like copper and iron present in slag. The percentage replacement of sand by granulated copper slag were 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,30%,40% and 50%. The compressive strength was observed to increase by about 35�40% and split tensile strength by 30�35%. The experimental investigation showed that percentage replacement of sand by copper slag shall be upto 40%.

- by Dr D Brindha
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Fly Ash, Fly Ash Bricks

The use of waste materials and industrial by-products in high-strength concrete could increase the sustainability of the construction industry. In this study, the potential of using copper slag as coarse aggregate in high-strength concrete was experimentally investigated. The effects of replacing gravel coarse aggregate by copper slag particles on the compressive strength, chloride ion- migration, water permeability and impact resistance of highstrength concretes were evaluated. Incorporating copper slag coarse particles resulted in a compressive strength increase of about 14 % on average partly due to the low Ca/Si ratio through the interface area of this concrete (more homogenous internal structure) as confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray micro chemical analysis. It was also found that the copper slag high-strength concrete provided better ductility and had much greater load carrying capacity compared to gravel high-strength concrete under dynamic conditions. Finally, it was o...

- by Marva Blankson
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Waste recycling

Ввиду отсутствия опубликованных данных, измерение плотности высокомедистых шлаковых расплавов от содержания меди, предположительно можно объяснить с позиций кластерной теории строения оксидных расплавов. Согласно этой теории с ростом
концентрации катионов металла, в частности меди, плотность шлакового расплава увеличивается за счет разукрупнения кремнекислородных комплексов более плотными катионами
меди, сопровождающееся более плотной упаковкой модифицированных комплексов оксидной системы при одной и той же температуре.

- by sariel shalev
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- Archaeology, Environmental Science, Archaeometallurgy, Copper
- by Ourania Tsioulou
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- Civil Engineering, Concrete, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength
- by IJERA Journal
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Waste recycling

Disposal of wastes is one of the issues confronting the world today. Scientists all over the world are making efforts to minimize the production of wastes and to effectively recycle the waste. Reducing the green house gas emission and recycling of industrial wastes are the key areas of concern. Production of wealth will be a boon to the industries as the benefits are twofold: the pollution problem is addressed and the raw material shortage problem is also effectively tackled. Against this back-drop, in the present work, copper slag (CS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is utilized as viable substitutes in concrete. M20 grade concrete with different mix proportion of sand replaced with copper slag from 0 to 70% and 0 to 25% cement replaced with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and a combination of both (30% CS +10% RHA) is prepared. Tests for strength (compression and split tensile strength), acid resistance test and SEM analysis are carried out. The results of this work undertaken have revealed that peak strength is obtained on 30% replacement of sand with copper slag (45.3N/mm2) and 10% of cement with RHA (38.8N/mm2) and the combined mix gives good strength of 46.5N/mm.2

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Waste Disposal, Copper Slag, Rice husk Ash, Compression test